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Photographic 

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CIHM 
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Series 
(Monographs) 


ICMH 

Collection  de 
microfiches 
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Cover  title  missing/ 

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0 

L      I  Cc 


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eludes  index(es)/ 
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n; 


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10X  14X  18X 


22X 


^6X 


30X 


J 

,_ 

12X 


16X 


20X 


24  X 


28X 


32  X 


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vue 


»n 


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premidre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration  et  en  terminant  par 
la  dernidre  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  — »-  (meaning  "CON- 
TINUED "),  or  the  symbol  V  (meaning  "END'), 
whichever  applies. 


Un  des  symboles  suivants  apparaitra  sur  la 
dernidre  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  le 
cas:  le  symbole  —^-  signifie  "A  SUIVRE",  le 
symbols  V  signifie  "FIN". 


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different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  dtre 
filmds  ck  des  taux  de  reduction  diffdrents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  dtre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  clichd,  il  est  film§  d  partir 
de  Tangle  sup6rieur  gauche,  de  gauche  d  droite, 
et  de  haut  en  bas,  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'images  ndcessaire.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
itiustrent  la  m^thode. 


1 

2 

3 

32  X 


1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

MJU      National  Library       Bibliotheque  nationale 
■  T       Of  Canada  du  Canada 


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TRI(k)NOMKTriu"AL  sFliVfrVS. 

— -^  DRAWA  roll  - 

BiitlerVlakp  Gforfee  &■  Lakr  Champlain, 

I.  A  rooi'F.R  ,  r.  I. 
'— -  I80U. 


litkof -Ws^a  lar-joni  tv  Cv  .JUhmiy    N    f 


1. 
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3. 
4. 
5. 
«. 
7. 
8. 
9. 
10. 

n. 

12. 

13. 

14. 
15. 
16. 
17. 
18. 
19. 
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ai. 

28. 
38. 


REFERENCES- 

Putnam  captured,  17.58. 
Four-mile  poet. 
Half-way  Brook. 
Road  to  Luzerne. 
French  Mountain. 
Fort  George. 
Fort  William  Henry. 
Rattlesnake  Hill. 
Shaw's  Bay, 
Tea  Island. 
Dunham's  Bay 
Harris  Bay. 
Long  Island. 
Dome  Island. 
Fourteen-mile  Island. 
Hen  and  Chickens, 
QraouskieBay. 
Half-way  Island. 
Rattlesnakes'  Den. 
Wabbath  Day  Point. 
Blair's  Bay. 
Anthony's  Nose 
Rodger^'  SiMde. 


■■%! 


he 
fiii 


LAKE  GEORGE 


AND 


LAKE   CHAMPLAIN, 


FROM   THEIR 


flR-ST     piSCOVERY     TO      I759. 


.i,hJ?  ^'■V'"^«^^3,'-i'y  severe,  sir.     It  is  not  the  business  of  a  historian 
w  i  e?'lr.h°r     ^'  topographical  survey  of  the  country  about  whi  h 
ne  writes.     All  that  you  have  a  right  to  expect  of  him  is,  that  he  shall  faith- 
fully collect  together  and  chronicle  all  the  existing  facts." 

FOREST  ARCADIA. 


BY    B.    C.    UtJXL.KR. 


THIRD  EDITION. 


NEW  YORK:    G.  P.  PUTNAM  &  SON. 

ALBANY:   DURKEE  &  JENKINS. 

1870. 


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INTRODUCTION. 


By  a  careful  reading  of  the  French  and  English  official 
accounts,  as  they  are  placed  side  by  side  in  that  marvel 
of  historic  wealth,    known    as   the    Documentary  and 
Colonial  History  of  New  York,  we  arrive  at  a  proper 
knowledge  of  events,  which  had  either  been  wrongly 
located,  or  exaggerated,  or  obscured.     The  author  has 
made  this  the  foundation  of  the  following  narrative.    He 
also  acknowledges  his  indebtedness  to  Bancroft,  Kip, 
Bell,    Trumbull,    Headley,    Graham,    Sparks' 
Watson,    Fitch,    Van  Courtland,  the  delightful 
writer  of  the  life  and  times  of  Sir  William  Johnson, 
the  eloquent  author  of  Hochalaga-"  and  the  authorities 
there  cited,"  not  omitting  the  amiable  Dr.  O'Callaghan 
ever  ready  to  assist  the  anxious  inquirer  after  truth.     As 
far  as  practicable,  he  has  endeavored  to  give  the  very 
language  of  the  time,  thereby  rendering  more  life-like 
the  scenes  delineated  here,   than  he  would  have  been 
able  to  do  in  any  other  manner. 

To  those  whose  inclinations  take  them  over  and 
through  these  gate-ways  of  the  country,  the  guide  books 
furnish  accurate  and  reliable  information.  The  railroad 
to  Fort  Edward,  and  thence  the  stage-coach,  even  now 
bemg  supplanted  by  the  steam-car  to  Glen's  Falls  or 
from  Saratoga  via  the  Adirondac  or  Wilderness  railroad 


4 


INTRODUCTION. 


to  the  romantic  hills  of  Luzerne,  thence  by  coach  eleven 
miles  over  the  Indian  trail  to  the  head  of  the  Lake ;  these 
are  the  routes  from  the  South.  On  the  North,  coming 
from  Mt.  Mansfield,  Stowe,  the  Green  Mountains, 
Adirondacks,  Montreal,  the  lines  of  travel  converge  to 
Burlington,  Rouse's  Point,  or  the  inimitable  Foquets, 
on  the  Pittsburgh  battle  ground.  At  either  of  these 
points,  taking  the  fine  steamers  of  the  Lake  Champlain 
company,  the  traveler  passing  "through  by  daylight" 
looks  upon  the  scenes  replete  with  historic  lore.  Cum- 
berland  Head,  Burlington  Bay,  Split  Rock  (Rock 
Regio),  Chimney  Pomt,  Crown  Point,  Mount  Defiance 
and  Ticonderoga,  furnish  each  its  story  of  interesting 
events  in  early  American  history. 

From  the  latter  plac^  the  transition  is  easy,  across  the 
"carrying  place,"  and  through  the  intrenchments  of 
Montcalm,  to  the  limpid  Lake  George,  on  which  the 
Minnehaha,  under  the  direction  of  Captain  Harris, 
like  a  shuttlecock,  each  day  faithfully  plies  its  vocation 
to  and  from  the  laughing  waters  of  Carillon,  and  the 
grass-grown  ruins  of  Fort  William  Henry. 

The  hotels  dotted  in  here  and  there,  like  so  many 
icebergs  set  in  a  background  of  emerald,  furnish 
unexceptionable  comfort  to  the  sojourner. 

Every  American,  at  least  once  in  his  life,  should  visit 
Lake  George  and  Lake  Champlain,  and  view  for  him- 
self the  scenes  made  historic  by  the  events  imperfectly 
described  in  the  following  pages. 

B.  C.  B. 

Luzerne,  June,  1868. 


ri 


oach  eleven 
Lake;  these 
rth,  coming 
Mountains, 
ronverge  to 
Ic  Foquets, 
ler  of  these 

Champlain 
>^  daylight" 
ore.  Cum- 
)ck  ( Rock 
nt  Defiance 

interesting 

',  across  the 
chments  of 
which  the 
in  Harris, 
its  vocation 
)n,  and  the 

:e  so  many 
lid,   furnish 

should  visit 
;\v  for  him- 
imperfectly 

B.  C.  B. 


INDEX. 


Abercrombie, 192,  237 

Aix-Ia-Chapelle,  peace  of,  ... .    63 

Amherst,  Lord 233 

Angell.Capt., 133 

Baubassin 05 

Blanchard,  Col.  Joshua, 113 

Bloody  Pond, 120 

Bourlemaque, 150,  238 

Bradstreet, 215,  223,  227 

British  claim  of  country 15 

Canajhsione  (Two  Rocks),  ...    aH 

Carillon 211,  238 

Cartler n 

Champlain, 11,15 

Chinanderoga, 35 

Corlear, 20 

Columbiere, 143 

Conochquiesie, 104 

Council  of  the  Indians  at  Al- 
bany     72 

Council  of  the  Indians  at  Fort 

Johnson, 87 

Corbierie, 150 

Crown  Point, 64,  244 

Cruyn  Punt, 33 

Dellins",  Godfrey,    16 

De  Carquiville, 57,62 

De  Courcelles'  expedition,  ...    19 

De  Joumonville, 72 

De  Tracey's  expedition, 20 

Denonville, 22 

Dieskau 115,  123 

Doolittle,  Captain, 136 

1* 


Expedition  BgalnNt  Fort  Wll-  ""' 

Ham  Henry 151 

Eyre,  Captain, no 

First  American  Coiii^roBH  l(HM),    27 

Fletcher,  (Jovernor, 43 

Fonda,  JelUin, IM 

Fort  AmhorHt,  836 

PoftAnn aO,  49 

Fort  Clinton 57,  04 

Fort  Edward 30,  110 

Fort  Frontoiiac, S88 

Port  Miller 39,  109 

Fort  Nicholiion, 49 

Fort  Orange, 37 

Fort  St.  Frederick 51,  240 

Fort  William  Henry,.  ,.,  120,146 

Four-mllo  post, 888,  235 

Frontenac, 37 

Qalway, 49 

Gatienondo, fli 

Gebault jj 

Glenn,  Captain  SaiidorM,. ..  84,  31 

Greenfield  Center, 40 

Ilaviland,  Colonel 106 

llalf-way  brook, 8SH,  235 

Hebecourt 194,  23O 

Hendrick 80,  119.  127 

Hocquart, 343 

Howe,  Lord  OoorKO, 197 

Ingoldsbey,  Major aO 

Irocoisia, jg 

Iroquois  expedition,  I(1H7 23 

Johnson,  Sir  William, 03,  87 


6 


INDEX. 


PAOR. 

KaghBwnghtlona  (Red  Ilend),    <M\ 
Kanordoro  (The  Narrows),  ...    33 

KayadcroBScras 76 

Kryn 23 

La  Come,  57,  829 

Lake  Oeorge,  expedition  to, . .  107 

La  Prairie, 83,  35 

LaSalle, 22 

Landonniore, 11 

Little,  CapUiin 11(4 

Luzerne, 64 

Lydiiis,  John  Henry,  .  16, 105,  109 

Marin 55,150,155,  230 

Maurepas, 54 

Montcalm 151 

Monroe,  Colonel  George 172 

Nicholson, 48,  51 

Nicklas, 138 

Normauds 10 

Ogharonde  (Wind  Mill  Point),    33 

Oswegatchie, 69 

Parker,  Colonel  John,        —  157 
Putnam,  Israel,  133,  130,  140,  207, 

aw 

QnackenboBS",  Cybrant, 155 

Read,  Captain, 13C 

Regaud  de  Vaudreuil, 03 

Regio  Rock  (Regiochne),  .  10,  242 

Repentigny, 56,  62 

Right  of  France, 10 

Roger*,  RoDert,    132, 135, 141,  144 

Rogers, 195,  230 

Rutherford,  Major  John, 201 

Ryswick  peace, 47 


PA  OR. 

Scale  of  prices, 18 

Schenectady,  mnsBacro  of, ... .    24 

Schuyler.  John, 32,  &%  39,  49 

Schuyler,  Peter,..  25,  29,  34,  89,  48 
Seneca  Indians'  expedition,..    22 

St.  Helene 23 

St.  Sacrament  lake,   35,  37,  42,  63, 

114 

St.  Pierre,  70 

St.  Ours 154 

Stnats,  Barent, 60 

Stark,  John, 144,  146 

Stillwater 29 

Skeene,  Philip, 200 

Syms,  Captain, 183 

Tenacharison, 70 

Thoday,  Michael, 139 

Thompson,  Sergeant,  140 

Ticonderoga.. . .  31,  31,  ;J5,  1 13,  217 

Tlondorosa  (Fort  Hunter) 38 

Townshend,  Colonel, 2.39 

Two  Rocks, 149 

Utrecht,  peace  of, 52 

Vulrenne,.. 36 

VanEpps, 89 

Vaudrcuil 49 

Vcrazzaui H 

Washington,  George 70 

Webb  Gen.  Daniel,  166 

Whitehall, ...  30,  36 

Williams.  Col.  B.  P.      ...  116,  123 

Winslow,  Colonel  Seth,  1.31 

Wilton, 40 

Winthrop,  Fitz  John, 28,  32 


Saratoga  lake  (Kayaderoga), .    31  I  Wood  creek, 56 

Saraghtoga  fort, 48,  55  )  Young,  Colonel  John 180 

C^"For  a  portion  of  the  illustrations  in  this  book,  the 
Author  is  indebted  to  the  kindness  of  Harper  Brothers, 
Publishers  of  Lossing's  Field  Book  of  the  Revolution. 


'i 


■'■  f 


PA  OK. 

18 

ro  of, . . . .  34 

32,  38,  3!),  49 
1,  29,  ai,  39,  4S 
sdition, . .  22 
23 

35,  37,  42,  63, 
114 

70 

164 

60 

144,  146 

29 

200 

183 

70 

189 

t,  140 

3t,  :K,  143,  217 

inter) 88 

, 839 

149 

,  62 

86 

89 

49 

11 

i 70 

168 

...  30,  35 

115,  123 

sth,  131 

40 

n, 28,  32 

56 

n 180 

is  book,  the 
jr  Brothers, 
ilution. 


.■:a 

i 


CHAPTER  I. 

From  the  D.8co^^]SBT  of  the  countby  to  lOnO-rnRNcn  riA,«. 
KAKi,T  NAvoxTons- BRITISH  CLAIMS  _DK  covncZ"Jr^Zn 

ATTACK  OP  T„B  8ENKCAS- I„„„pt,ON  O.  THE  .Uoq,,.,;!^  ATTACK 
OJ  THE  MOHAWKS  ON  CHAMBLAT-DK  BT.  HK,rJ  JuVn^l'l'l 
BCHENECTADT  -riRST  AMEU.CAK  CONaRESS  IN  1600. 

;riATeventfulniemono8eliiatorni'()iind 
■  thy  hoary  liills,  Lake  Geokok  !     They 
are  interwoven  with  the  earliegt  h  ii^ory 
r-      of  our  heloved  country,  ronchi>i^r  fUr 
back  to  tlie  time  when  truth  vanislios  int(.  tra- 
dition.    Forts  William  Ilem-y  and  CariUun,  tho 
saUents  of  the  two  most  powerful  and  most 
c.vihzed    nations    of   the    globe,    over    whoso 
scarp  and  counterscarp  nature  has  thrown  hor 
protecting  mantle  of  forest  and  turf-  vonoruble 
in  your  ruins,  ye  stand  at  either  gateway  of 
these  classic  waters,  monuments  of  a  heroic 
age,  and  of  the  wrestlings  of  giants  for  the  poa- 
session  of  a  continent. 

Beneath  your  shadow  the  bones  of  thouRanda 
he  m  unrecognized  though  honorable  dust,  while 
every  glen,  bay,  island  and  mountain,  furnishes 
Bome  legend  which  has  made  their  name«  house- 
hold  words  m  American  homes. 


I-AKK    OEUKOE    A 


i     ! 


To-da^  tlie  shores  of  Ilorieon  furnish  fashion- 
able resorts  for  the  refined  or  tlio  curious,  wlio 
bask  away  their  sunirner  hours,  perhaps  careless 
or  ignorant  of  tlie  great  events  that  once  trans- 
pired beneath  their  feet  or  within  their  vision. 
Yet  the  i)088ession  of  these  places  has  engaged 
the  attention  of  kings,  cabinets  and  parliaments. 
The  best  blood  of  two  great  nations  has  been 
freely  s])cnt,  and  millions  of  treasure  expended, 
for  their  conquest  and  defense. 

Armies  have  crossed  each  other's  track  upon 
the  ocean,  and  have  pursued  strange  and  varied 
paths  on  lake  and  river,  and  through  forest,  to 
struggle  for  their  possession.  Tribes  of  red  men 
from  the  for  north  and  the  far  south,  inarshaled  by 
civilized  genius,  have  met  in  hostile  array  under 
their  walls,  and  around  their  base.  Eival  and 
foreign  flags  have  waved  alternately  over  their 
battlements.  A  thousand  bugles  have  called  har- 
monious echoes  from  the  mountains,  while  High- 
landers from  McGregor's  elan,  Indian  chieftains, 
ro}  al  regiments  commanded  by  high-born  noble- 
men, mingled  with  the  sons  of  the  Green  Moun- 
tain and  the  Connecticut  and  New  Jersey  valleys, 
have  answered  to  their  call.  Thy  peaceful  shore 
has  seen  the  course  of  carnage  and  misery, 
the  lutchery  of  the  tomahawk,  the  wasting  of 
r  sicj?".  the  wretchedness  of  woman.     It  has 


.'* 


LAKE  CHAMI'LAIN. 


0 


witnessed  the  feast  of  lui,„ft„  flesh,  for  wl.ich 
these  (lemons  had  pnpared  themselves  by  dri„k 
from  skulls  fre.h  filJod  witli  blood.     It  has  heard 
the  soft  vciee  of  thu  Jesuit   priest,   as   witli 
revereneo  I,o  elevated  the  host  and  performed 
tlie  n,.,.f  sacred  and  ancient  rites  known  to  the 
rel..;.  ,.,  world.     It  has  listened  to  the  single 
praj-er  offered  for  the  whole  people  by  the  ven- 
erable chapluin  of  Massachusetts,  while  the  de- 
scendants of  the  Puritans  stood  up  uncovered 
It  has  seen  the  sin.ple  rites  of  Indian  sacritioc  of 
firs  fr,uts  to  the  Great  Manitou,  while  the  forest 
ora  or  haran^nied  his  brethren  on  the  blessinc^s 
of  that  heaven  which  cowards  could  not  onte^;.. 
Protestant  and  Catholic,  English  and  French, 
white  and  red  men,  the  rifle,  the  tomahawk,  the 
cannon  and  scalping  knife,  the  keel  boat  and 
canoe  noble  and  base  born,  extremes  the  most 
opposite,  passions   the  most  violent,  have  met 
and  struggled  here  for  the  mastery 

leaching  from  the  frozen  zone  to  the  tropics- 
extending  from  ocean  to  ocean-and  in  L 
P--^  to  which  the  aomain  of  either  pZ 
Mas  b        a  patch  upon  the  earth's  surface." 

a  third'!  i  ''■'  r"  "''"•  ^^'•^"^  °"^  *''^  '-^^^'es 
a  tin  d  power  has  arisen  to  which  the  Red  Cross 

of  England  and  the  Lily  of  France  are  alike 


10 


LAKE   GEORGE   AND 


indifferent.  From  mountain  to  mountain  the 
American  eagle  utters  the  scream  of  Liberty. 
Love  in  its  purity,  friendsliip  in  its  faithfulness, 
are  reflected  from  the  placid  bosom  of  the  lake. 
The  early  industry  of  freemen  is  upon  its  bor- 
ders, and  the  morning  sun-beams,  which  drink 
the  dew-drops  from  the  flowers  on  the  hill-tops, 
catch  also  the  sounds  which  thrill  the  heart  of 
humanity,  and  pioclaim  the  tidings  of  equal 
freedom  for  the  race. 

A  proper  history  of  this  interesting  locality 
is  incomplete  without  embracing  the  entire  sec- 
tion of  country  from  Nova  Scotia  around  to  the 
Ohio.  Such  is  too  comprehensive  for  this  work. 
It  will  be  limited  to  an  account  of  what  occurred 
between  Chamblay  and  the  Mohawk  Yalley. 
Even  then  the  fear  is,  that  it  will  be  too  prolix 
for  the  reader. 

The  right  of  France  to  the  country  of  the 
Iroquois,  which  embraced  in  part  the  valleys  of 
Lake  Champlain  and  St.  Sacrament,  was  based 
on  an  established  maxim  existing  among  Euro- 
pean nations,  that  the  first  discoverers  who 
planted  the  arms  of  their  government  upon 
aboriginal  soil  acquired  thereby  the  property  of 
that  country  for  their  respective  nation. 

In  1504,  Normauds  discovered  the  bank  of 
Newfoundland. 


ountain  the 
of  Liberty. 
faithfulness, 
of  the  lake, 
pen  its  bov- 
ivhich  drink 
;he  hill-tops, 
;he  heart  of 
gs  of  equal 

;ing  locality 
e  entire  sec- 
round  to  the 
)r  this  work, 
bat  occurred 
Lwk  Yalley. 
•e  too  prolix 


intry  of  the 
le  valleys  of 
t,  was  based 
mong  Euro- 
)verers  who 
iment  upon 
property  of 
ion. 
he  bank  of 


I* 


I  I 


JEAN    VERRAZZANI. 


i 


,,> 


LAKE   CHAMPLAIN. 


11 


M<s^ 


In  1523,  in  virtue  of  a  commission  from 
Francis  I,  Jean  Yerazzani  took  possession  of 
"  all  the  territory  between  Florida  and  Hudson's 
Bay." 

In  1534-,  James  Cartier,  at  the  inlet  of  Gaspe, 
raised  a  lofty  cross  which  bore  a  shield  with  the 
French  arms  and  an  appropriate  inscription. 
He  thence  discovered  tlie  great  river  of  St. 
Lawrence,  and  sailed  up  its  channel  till  he  could 
discern  land  on  either  side.* 

In  lo35,  Gebault  and  Landonniere,  having 
gone  to  Florida  by  authority  of  Charles  IX,  "to 
inhabit  and  cultivate  the  country,"  founded  the 
Carolinas,  and  built  a  fort  on  the  May  river, 
which  they  called  Fort  Charles  — now  Charles^ 
town. 

In  1609,  eleven  years  before  the  landing  of 
the  Pilgrims,  Samuel  Champlain  was  in  com- 
mand of  the  Canadian  colony.  In  1609  he  dis- 
covered Lake  Champlain,t  Lake  St.  Sacrament, 
and,  as  he  says,  went  as  far  as  the  country  of 
the  Iroquois. 


*  Bancroft. 

t  The  Indian  name  of  Lake  Champlain  is  Canadire 
Qmmnte,  "  Tlie  lake  that  is  the  gate  of  the  country."  "  Kan- 
gatare  "  is  the  Mohawk  name  for  lake. 


5 


12 


LAKE   GEORGE   AND 


Concerning  the  first  encounter  of  the  Indians 
with  the  whites,  between  Lake  George  and 
Crown  Point,  Champlain  says : 

"  I  left  the  rapids  of  the  river  of  the  Iroquois  on  the  2d  of 
July,  1609.  All  the  savages  began  carrying  their  canoes, 
arms  and  traps  overland,  about  a  league  and  a  naif,  to  avoid 
the  current  and  force  of  the  rapids.  This  was  quickly 
effected.  They  reviewed  all  their  force  and  found  24  canoes 
with  CO  men.  After  having  completed  their  review,  we 
continued  our  journey  as  far  as  an  island,  three  leagues 
long,  covered  with  the  finest  pines  I  ever  behold. 

"On  coming  within  two  or  three  days'  journey  of  the 
enemy's  quarters,  we  traveled  only  by  night  and  rested  by 
day.    Nevertheless,  they  never  omitted  their  usual  super- 
stitions  to  ascertain  whether  their  enterprise  would  be  sue 
cessful,  and  often  asked  me  whether  I  had  dreamed  and 
seen  their  enemies.    I  answered,  no ;  and  encouraged  them, 
and  gave  them  good  hopes.    Night  fell,  and  we  continued 
our  journey  until  morning,  when  we  withdrew  into  the 
picket  fort,  which  they  had  built,  to  pass  the  remainder  of 
the  day  there.    About  ten  or  eleven  o'clock  I  laid  down, 
after  having  walked  some  time  around  our  quarters,  and, 
falling  asleep,  I  thought  I  beheld  our  enemies,  the  Iroquois, 
drowning  within  sight  of  us  in  the  lake  near  a  mountain ; 
and,  being  desirous  to  save  them,  that  our  savage  allies  told 
me  that  I  must  let  them  all  perish,  as  they  were  good  for 
nothing.    On  awaking  they  did  not  fail,  as  usual,  to  ask  me 
if  I  had  any  dream.     I  told  them,  in  fact,  what  I  had 
dreamed.     It  gained  such  credit  among  them  that  they  no 
■     longer  doubted  but  they  should  meet  with  success. 

"  At  nightfall  we  embarked  in  our  canoes  to  continue  our 
journey,  and,  as  we  advanced  very  softly  and  noiselessly, 
we  encountered  a  war  pariy  of  Iroquois  on  the  29th  of  the 
month,  about  ten  o'clock  at  night,  at  the  point  of  a  cape 


S 


LAKE   CHAMPLAIN. 


of  the  Indians 
)  George    and 

quois  on  the  2d  of 
v'Tig  their  canoes, 
ind  a  naif,  to  avoid 
This  was  quickly 
nd  found  24  canoes 
[  their  review,  we 
find,  three  leagues 
■  hehold. 

ys'  journey  of  the 
ight  and  rested  by 

their  usual  super- 
prise  would  be  BUC- 

had  dreamed  and 
i  encouraged  them, 
1,  and  we  continued 
Avithdrew  into  the 
ss  the  remainder  of 
'clock  I  laid  down, 
1  our  quarters,  and, 
lemies,  the  Iroquois, 
:e  near  a  mountain  ; 
ur  savage  allies  told 
J  they  were  good  for 
I,  as  usual,  to  ask  me 
in  fact,  what  I  had 
T  them  that  they  no 
fiih  success, 
inoes  to  continue  our 
iftly  and  noiselessly, 
8  on  the  29th  of  the 

the  point  of  a  cape 


M 


13 

which  puts  into  tlie  lake  on  the  west  side.  They  and  we 
began  to  shout,  each  seizing  his  arms.  We  withdrew 
toward  the  water,  and  the  Iroquois  repaired  on  shore  and 
arranged  all  their  canoes,  the  one  beside  the  other,  and 
began  to  hew  down  trees,  with  villainous  axes,  which  they 
sometnnes  got  in  war,  and  others  of  stone,  and  fortified 
tliemselves  very  securely. 

"Our  party,  likewise,  kept  their  canoes  arranged  the  one 
along8.de  the  other,  tied  to  poles  so  as  not  to  run  adrift  in 
order  to  fight  all  together,  should  need  be.    We  were'on  ' 
the  water  about  an  arrow-shot  from  their  barricades.    When 
they  were  armed  and  in  order,  they  sent  two  canoes  from 
the  fleet  to  know  if  their  enemies  wished  to  fight  •  who 
answered  they  "desired  nothing  else,"  but  that  lust  then 
here  was  not  much  light,  and  we  must  wait  for  day  to  dis- 
mgu:sh  each  other,  and  that  they  would  give  us  battle  at 
8unr.se.     Tins  was  agreed  to  by  our  party.    Meanwhile  the 
whole  mght  was    pent  in  dancing  and  singing,  as  weiron 
one  8ide  as  on  the  other,  mingled  with  an  infinitude  of 
n  ul  8  and  other  taunts,  such  as  the  little  courage  they 
ad  how  powerless  their  resistance  against  their  ams,  an  J 
hat  when  day  would  break,  they  should  experience  this  to 
he.  nun.     Ours,  likewise,  did  not  fail  in  repartee  ;  tell  ng 
them  they  should  witness  the  effects  of  ams  they  had  never 
Been  before   and  a  multitude  of  other  speeches  as  is  usual 
at  a  8.ege  of  a  town.    After  the  one  and  the  other  had  sung 
dan  ed  and  parliamented  enough,  day  broke.    My  com 
panK,„s  and  I  were  always  concealed,  for  fear  the  enemy 
should  see  us,  preparing  our  arms  the  best  we  could  1,^^ 
however  separated,  each  in  one  of  the  canoes.    After  bZ 
equipped  with  light  armor,  we  took  each  an  arquebus  3 
went  ashore.     I  saw  the  enemy  leave  their  barrLde    they 
were  about  200  men,  of  strong  and  robust  appearance'  who 
were  coming  slowly  toward  us,  with  a  gral  ty  and  Hur 
ance  wh.ch  greatly  phased  me,  led  on  by  [hree  cMef 


14 


LAKE   GEORGE   AND 


Ours  were  marching  in  similar  or.l.r,  and  told  n.e    ha 
those  ^vho  bore  three  lofty  plumeB  were  the  cluefB,  and  that 
t  e  were  hut  these  three,  and  they  were  to  he  recof,n^ed 
TtLe  plumes  which  ^^onside.hly  ar.er  -^^^^^^^^^ 

::  ^^^^^To^r  rro'wt:: ;  c^m,  Ld  th..  i  was  v.^ 

./nn  not  clearly  understand  me,  so  as  to  give 

^     .1    + .  +lint  I  was  very  glad  to  encourage  them,  ana  to 

I     to  them  mv  goodwill  when  we  should  he  engaged, 
manifest  to  them  my  g  ^^^^  ^^^^^^  ^^,^ 

I  „t  .1,™     Wlien  I  «-.» tl>em  preparing  to  shoot  at   », 

I       ll     I  had  DUt  fo«r  ball,  in  my  arquebus.    Ours.m 
;t«t  a  «  rLo,.ble  tor  tbem,  set  up  sue,,  trcmen^ 

iriu"..  that  twe,  -'->"«« '■".°'>«°''!,^f;;:' 

re,„a<ltas,  one  of  Ay  eornpanjo™  m    be  b™    «;^^^  ^,_,,„ 
wbieb  so  astom;l«d  «>«■"  '°7' "^""^j  abandoned  ,be 


>r.  and  told  me  that 
re  the  chiefs,  and  that 
were  to  ho  recognized 
ahly  larger  than  those 
t  do  all  I  could  to  kill 
d,  and  that  I  was  very 
md  me,  bo  as  to  give 
g  their  enemies,  as  we 

bvit  there  was  no  help 
icourago  them,  and  to 

we  should  he  engaged. 

?gan  to  run  ahout  two 
3S,  who  stood  firm,  and 
ons,  who  went  into  the 
imenced  calling  me  in  a 
le,  opened  in  two,  and 
r  ahout  twenty  paces  in 
[ices  of  the  enemy, 
iialted,  gazing  at  me  and 

paring  to  shoot  at  us,  I 
cctly  at  one  of  the  three 
nd  by  this  shot,  and  one 
round  of  which  he  died 
,  my  arquehus.    Ours,  in 
Aiem,  setupsuchtromen- 
ot  have  been  heard  ;  and 
1  one  side  and  the  other, 
lished,   seeing  two  men 
islanding  they  were  pro- 
sren  of  cotton  thread  and 
ry  much.    Whilst  I  was 
in  the  bush  fired  a  shot 
seeing  their  chiefs  slain, 
light.,  and  abandoned  the 
slves  in  the  depths  of  the 


LAKE  CHAMPLAIN. 


16 


forest,  wliither  pursuing  them  I  killed  some  others  Our 
savages  also  killed  several  of  them,  and  took  ten  or  twelve 
prisoners.  The  rest  carried  off  the  wounded.  Fifteen  or 
sixteen  of  ours  were  wounded  by  arrows;  tliey  were 
promptly  cured.  ^ 

"  After  having  gained  the  victory,  they  amused  themselves 
plundermg  Indian  corn  and  meal  from  the  enemy;  also 
heir  arms  which  they  had  thrown  down  in  order  to  run  the 
better     And  having  feasted,  sung  and  danced,  we  returned 
three  hours  after,  with  the  prisoners." 

In  1611  and  1612  lie  ascended  the  St.  Law- 
rence to  Lake  Erie,  Detroit,  and  Lake  Huron, 
and  for  a  number  of  years  prosecuted  the  fur 
trade  at  the  place  where  Boston  now  stands. 

1^  ollowing  these  were  the  Jesuit  missions,  who 
for  forty  years  built  and  resided  in  the  five 
Iroquois  cantons  until  they  were  «  burnt  out " 
by  the  machinations  of  the  English  Thev 
extended  west  to  Niagara,  Detroit,  and  down 
the  Ohio  and  the  Illinois  to  St.  Louis 

The  British  claim  of  dominion    upon    the 
Champhun  valley  extended  up  to  the  neighbor. 
I  hood  of  the  river  St.  Lawrence. 
It  was  based, 

1.  On  the  title  of  the  Dutch,  "from  the  St 
I  Lawrence  to  the  Delaware  river  » 

lA^^'r^  T"''"''  "^  '^^"'  ''^^''  ^"  the  grant 
of  King  Charles  to  the  Duke  of  York,  "  for  all 

of  the  lands  west  of  the  Connecticut  river  " 


16 


LAKE   GEORGE   AND 


lit 


f    I 


3    The  treaty  of  the  Five  Nations  with  the 
Governor  of  New  York,  by  which,  in  consider- 
ation of  his  protection,  they  suhinitted  to  the 
ovIreigntyoKhe  King  of  Great  Brita^^^      All 
the  coitntry  to  the  south  of  the  St.  Lawrence 
was  described  by  French  writers  as  belonging 
to  the  Five  Nations.     Lake  Clianiphiin  is  named 
-Mere  des  Iroquois^  and  the  lands  on  the  east 
Bide  of  the  lake,  now  Vermont,  were  called 

4  ■  The  treaty  of  Utrecht,  by  which  the  French 
King  expressly  recognized  the  sovereignty  ot 
Great  Britain  over  these  nations  and  the  lands 

held  by  them. 

5    The  exercise  of  sovereignty  by  the  patent 
granted  to  Eev.  Godfrey  Dellins,-  under  the 
feal  of  New  York,  in  the  year  1G96  of  lands 
described  in  an  Indian  deed  to  him,  winch  compre- 
hended a  tract  extending  from  Saraghtoga  along 
the  Hudson  river  to  ^^Beglo  Rochr\  twenty 
miles  north  of  Crown  Point,  and  which  gran 
the  legislature  afterward  abrogated  on  account 
of  its  excessive  amount.:}: 

I  ?^  oik  This  grant,  it  is  claimod,  did  not  CKteud 
in  o  Ven-nt"but  up  L  Hudson  River  to  a  point  opposite 
Cio  Rock.    {See  Ilisto^-ical  Magazine,  FebruaryASm 

±   n  April  1750,  John  Henry  Lydius,  a  citizen  of  Albany 
ail  Ms^  e  Genevieve  Masse  (a  half-breed),  nxade  affidavit 


^ 


LAKE  CIIAMPLAIN. 


17 


itions  with  tlie 
•li,  in  consider- 
bmitted  to  the 
it  Britain.     All 
3  St.  Lawrence 
rs  as  belonging 
nplain  is  named 
ands  on  the  east 
nt,  were  called 

rhich  the  "French 
3  sovereignty  of 
IS  and  the  lands 

ity  by  the  patent 
llins  *  under  the 
ar  1696,  of  lands 
im,  which  compre- 
Saraghtoga  along 
Bochr\  twenty 
and  which  grant 
)o-ated  on  account 

istcr  settled  in  Albany, 
aimed,  did  not  extend 
ver  to  a  point  opposite 
Ine,  February,  1868.) 
us,  a  citizen  of  Albany. 
,t'-brced),  made  affidavit 


•3 


The  policy  of  botli  nations  appoiu's  to  have 
been  to  cultivate  assiduously  the  frlondHhii)  of 
the  dusky  tribes.  In  this  the  French  wore  the 
most  successful,  and  their  influence  extended  to 
the  end  of  Lake  Superior,  and  embracuul  all  cf 
tlie  country  between  the  Hudson's  Bay  und  the 
Unondaga  council  fire. 

But  while  Canada  was  settled,  and  its  gov- 
ernment  was  carried  on,  as  a  strictly  military 
colony,  the  Dutch,  and  after  them  th'o  En-^lish 
were  essentially  a  trading  nation.     Albany  was 
the  great  center  of  Lidian  trade  and  bai^ter,  and 
Its  commerce   extended  to  Montreal   and   the 
l^rench  Lidians,  to  the  great  grief  of  the  Mo- 
hawks, who  always  claimed  thar  by  tliis  means 
their  implacable  enemies,  the  Algonquins  and 
Adimndacks,    found  never-failing  supplies   of 
powder  and  lead.  n    ^s   oi 

"that  they  had  frequently  heard,  both  from  tlu,  M<.hawk  and 
Cakna.vaga  Indians,  during  the  previous  twanty.fi;     j' 

Kogeo,  did  and  does  belong  to  the  Mohawks,  which  rock  is 
tuated  ten  leagues  north  of  Crown  Point  Juog.oM  e^n^ 

whence;^eSa::^Sz™i;;:^^''r;r 

superstition  of  the  Indians  that  in  pass  ,g  to  r  ^  Z 
^hould  cast  a  stone  or  other  article  toward  I  fo  ;  l  ^ 
OnTryonsmapitiscalled  "Point  Rerjioehner 


I 


l^      '  LAKE   GEORGE   AND 

The  following  was  the  scale  of  prices  in  the 
Indian  trade  at  Montreal  and  Albany,  in  1089 : 

The  Indian  pays  for  At  Orange.        Montreal. 

8  pounds  of  powder one  beaver.      ft.nr  beavers. 

^      ,„  two    do  five    do 

40  pounds  of 'lead one     do  threedo 

Blanket  of  red  cloth one     do  two    do 

^         1  •  i  one     do  two    do 

Four  shirts ""^ 

Six  pairs  of  stncMngs, one     do  two    do 

Six  quarts  of  rum one     do  six     do 

For  the  generation  previous  to  the  advent  ^.i 
the  European  race,  the  Iroquois  had  waged  a 
merciless  war  against  the  Algonquins  on  the 
St.  Lawrence.  The  arrival  of  Chaniplam  with 
the  hitherto  unknown  fire-arm  turned  the  for- 
tunes of  war  with  the  northern  tribes. 

The  Iroquois  transferred  their  jealousy  and 
their  enmity  against  the  French  allies,  with 
whom  they  would  never  make  a  permanent 

peace.  . 

Champlain  and  the  succeeding  Governors  ot 
Canada  assisted  the  northern  nations  in  all  then- 
wars,  or  retained  them  as  allies.  It  became  a 
great  object  of  the  French  to  get  possession  of 
the  port  of  New  York.  For  this  purpose  cabi- 
net councils  were  held  and  numerous  plans  laid ; 
and  it  is  by  reason  of  the  efforts  made  by  the 
respective  nations  and  their  dusky  allies,  for  the 
purposeB  of  conquest  or  defense,  that  the  entire 


■C 


LAKE   C'.IAilPLAriS-. 


in 


'  prices  in  the 
haiiy,  in  1089 : 
re.        Montreal. 
er.      four  beavers. 

five    do 

three  do 

two    do 

two    do 
I  two    do 

»  six     do 

o  tlic  advent  v-i" 
is  had  waged  a 
on  quins  on  the 
Chaniplain  with 
turned  the  for- 
tribes. 

3ir  jealousy  and 
nch  allies,  with 
ke  a  permanent 

ng  Governors  of 
itions  in  all  their 
3S.  It  became  a 
get  possession  of 
;his  purpose  cabi- 
nerous  plans  laid ; 
orts  made  by  the 
isky  allies,  for  the 
se,  that  the  entire 


region,  from  Forts  Orange  and  Scl.enoctadv  to 
Cumberland  Head,  has  beeomo  the  (.IushIc 
ground  of  America. 

On  the  9th  of  January,  1006,  an  oxpodiflon 
was  fitted  out  at  Quebec,  under  tlio  vclornii   Do 
Courcelles,  witJi  five  liundrcd  men,  whoso  ol,i,.,.t 
was  to  proceed    to  tlie    Mohawk   valley   mul 
destroy  the  villages  there.     Tliey  man.lu.d   on 
snow-shoes,  and  oach  officer  and  man  curried 
from    twenty-five  to   thirty  pounds  of  b-':;Milt 
besides  his   clotiiing,    arms   and    ammuniti«,n.' 
;    Sledges  drawn  by  do-s,  and  carrying  RunplicH, 
accompanied    them.      They   purposed    to  givd 
the  Indians  such  a  punishmint  as  sliouM  indiico 
;   them  to  put  a  stop  to  their  incursions,  and  livo 

1  afc  peace  with  tlie  French  settlements.  A  nioro 
difficultoralonger  march  than  that  of  tliis  littlo 
army  is  scarcely  to  be  met  witli  in  liistory. 

In  addition  to  tlie  awkwardness  of  the  snow- 
shoes,  it  Avas  necessary  to  make  a  journoy  of 
over  four  hundred  miles,   to  cross   lakes  and 

,  rxvers,  to  sleep  on  the  snow  in  the  midst  of  tho 
forest,  and  to  endure  the  cold  of  a  riiroruus 

■;•  winter. 

2  On  the  third  day  out,  many  had  their  uoroh 
|ear8,  fingers  or  knees  frozen,  and  some,  wholly 
|overcome  by  the  cold,  were  carried  to  tho  plaoo 
|wliere  they  were  to  pass  the  night.     Still  they 


m 


20 


LAKE  OEORGE   AND 


pushed  on,  until,  on  the  9th  of  February,  they 

arrived  within  two  miles  of  Sehenectady. 

Here  a  party  of  sixty  fueiberB    wa.   drawn 

into  an  amVuBcado  of  two  hundred  Mohawl. 

who  at  one  volley  killed  a  lieutenant  and  eleven 

men,  and  wounded  seven  others. 

The  next  day  the  wounded  were  sent  down 

to   Schenectady,   where  they  were  hosintal.ly 
entertained    and    eared    for    hy    the    citron, 
through   the    interposition    of    Corlear,     sh  o 
wine,  peas  and  bread  were  obtained  loi    the 
troops.     Grateful  for  such  unexpectecl,  it   not 
undeserved    hospitality,    Governor    Courcelks 
invited  Corlear  to  visit  him  at  Montreal,  which 
invitation     was     accepted.     On    his    jom-ney 
thither  he  was  accidentally  drowned  in  Lake 
Champlain.     He  was  so  great  a  favorite  with 
the  Indians  that  they  were  accustomed  to  desig- 
nate the  Governor  of  New  York  by  the  title  ot 

« Corlear."  , ,     . 

On  the  twelfth  the  French  camp  suddenly 
broke  up,  and  they  fell  back  to  Lake  Cham- 
plain,  closely  pursued  by  the  Mohawks,  who 
however  only  took  three  prisoners. 

In  the  same  ye^r,  on  the  Uth  of  September, 
an  expedition  of  six  hundred,  under  the  com- 
mand of  M.  De  Traeey,  embarked  in  thiee 
hundred  light  batteaux  and  bark  canoes,  with 


i  i 


LAKE    CIIAMPLAIX. 


21. 


February,  they 

ncctady. 

ivs    WiW   drawn 

Ircd  ISrohawks, 

II ant  and  cloven 

,vere  sent  down 
,vero   hospital  »ly 
y    the    citizcnft, 
Corlear,    while 
htaincd  for   the 
expected,  it'  not 
jrnor    Courcclles 
Montreal,  which 
)n    his    journey 
i-owned  in  Lake 
t  a  favorite  with 
ustonied  to  desig- 
rk  by  the  title  of 

ii  camp  suddenly 
c  to  Lake  Cham- 
e  Mohawks,  who 

ners. 

tth  of  September, 
1,  under  the  com- 
nbarked  in  three 
bark  canoes,  with 


two  snirtll  })iecc8  of  artillery.     Notwitlistandiujr 
the  care  taken  to  prevent  discovery,  tiiey  found 
on  their  arrival  at  the  Mohawk  castles,  the  vil- 
lages were  aband()n(!d,  but  were  full  of  gmin 
and  provisions.    At  the  last  was  a  triple  palisade 
twenty  feet  high,  flanked  by  four  bastions,  and 
stored  with  i)rodigious  quantities  of  provisions 
and  an  abundant  supply  of  water  to  extingnish 
fire  when  necessary.     A  few  old  persons  sind 
the  remains  of  two  or  three  savages  of  another 
tribe  whom  they  had  half  roasted,  were  all  that 
were  found.     After  celebrating  mass,  singing 
the  Te  Deum  and  planting  the  cross,  they  fired 
the  palisades,  cabins  and  villages,  destroyed  the 
stores  of  corn,  beans  and  other  produce,  and 
returned  by  the  route  they  came. 

Through  the  influence  of  the  Colonial  Govern- 
ment, acting  under  advice  from  the  Duke  of 
York,  peace  was  made  between  the  French  and 
Indians,  which  continued  with  but  little  inter- 
ruption for  a  period  of  over  twenty  years.  This 
interval  was  employed  by  both  the  French  and 
English  in  consolidating  their  settlements  and 
in  prosecuting  their  trade  with  the  Indians. 
It  was  at  this  time  that  La  Salle,  Marquette, 
Hennepin  and  other  Franciscans,  bearing  the 
calumet  and  cross,  discovered  the  prairies  of  the 
Illinois,  and  ascended  and  descended  the  Missis- 


,22 


LAKE   GEORGE   AND 


I  i 


i\\ 


sippi.  In  1679,  La  Salle  encaiiiped  at  Niagara, 
and  amid  the  fire  of  artillery  and  the  chanting 
of  the  Te  Deum,  first  launched  a  bark  of  sixty- 
tons  on  the  placid  waters  of  Lake  E  rie.* 

In  1685,  with  a  colony  of  two  hundred  and 
ten  persons,  he  landed  on  the  lovely  Bay  of 
Matagordo,  and  in  the  name  of  Louis  XIV, 
took  possession  of  Texas,  carved  upon  her  stately 
trees  the  royal  arms  of  France,  and  by  no 
treaty  or  public  document  was  that  right  ever 
relinquished,  except  in  the  general  cession  of 
Louisiana  to  the  United  States  under  the  Jeffer- 
son treaty. 

In  March,  1684,  a  band  of  two  hundred 
Senecas  attacked  and  pillaged  a  party  of  four- 
teen French  traders  who,  in  seven  canoes,  were 
proceeding  down  the  Illinois  river  to  the  fort 
at  St.  Louis,  with  sixteen  thousand  pounds  of 
merchandise. 

In  consequence  ostensibly  of  this,  an  expedi- 
tion was  fitted  out  at  Montreal,  under  Gov. 
Denonville,  to  attack  and  conquer  the  Senecas  in 
Western  New  York.  But  the  real  purpose  was 
for  the  protection  of  the  trade  of  the  "Western 
Indians  in  the  Ohio  and  Illinois  country,  and 
also  "  for  the  establishment  of  the  religion  which 

♦  La  Salle's  flret  vessel  was  named  "  La  GrifBn." 


LAKE   CHAMPLAIN. 


23 


d  at  Niagara, 
the  chanting 
hark  of  sixty 
Erie*  • 
hundred  and 
)vely  Bay  of 
Louis  XIV, 
lon  her  stately 
,  and  by  no 
lat  right  ever 
[•al  cession  of 
ier  the  Jeffer- 

two  hundred 
party  of  four- 
i  canoes,  were 
er  to  the  fort 
nd  pounds  of 

is,  an  expedi- 
,  under  Gov. 
the  Senecas  in 
1  purpose  was 
the  Western 
country,  and 
[•ehgion  which 


will  never  spread  itself  except  by  the  destruc- 
tiou  of  tlie  Iroquois ;  and  of  commerce  and  the 
[French]  King's  power  over  all  North  Amer- 
ica."* In  this  they  were  successful,  having 
burned  three  castles,  without  suffering  much 
loss,  and  establislied  the  fort  at  Niagara. 

In  1687  an  irruption  of  some  sixty  Iroquois 
was  made  down  Lake  Champlain  into  the 
French  settlement  of  Chamblay,  which  they 
destroyed,  killing  inany  of  the  inhabitants  and 
bringing  away  captives. 

In  1689,  in  the  montii  of  August,  a  force  of 
nine  hundred  Mohawks  landed  on  the  island  of 
Montreal,  and  nearly  destroyed  the  whole  set- 
tlement, carrying  off  one  hundred  and  twenty 
prisoners,  besides  killing  two  hundred,  some  of 
whom  were  bound,  roasted  alive  and  devoured. 
They  retained  possession  of  the  island  till  the 
middle  of  October. 

In  the  month  of  February,  1690,  war  having 
been  declared  between  England  and  France,  a 
party  of  two  hundred  and  ten  men,  under  the 
command  of  Lieut.  Le  Moyne  de  St.  Helen e, 
left  Montreal  and  passed  through  the  lake  to 
attack  Fort  Orange.  The  Indians  were  led  by 
a  great  Mohawk  chief  of  the  name  of  Kryn, 


*  Colonial  History,  vol.  iii,  page  320. 


24 


I,AKE   GEORGE   AND 


U   i 


I     [ 


who  had  removed  from  the  Mohawk  Valley  to 
La  Prah-ie  in  Canada,  in  1074. 

Arriving  at  the  place  where  the  road  turned 
off  to  Schenectady,  they,  under  advice  of  the  In- 
dian scouts,  who  were  familiar  with  the  passes  of 
the  whole  country,  took  the  latter  road,  and 
arrived  at  the  settlement  at  11  o'clock  at  night  of 
the  9th  of  February.    The  town  was  built  of  an 
oblong  form,  with  a  wall  around  it,  and  to  which 
access  was  had  by  two  gates,  which  the  squaws 
pointed  out,  one  of  wh.ich  was  found  wide  open. 
Into  this  they  entered,  and,  after  surrounding  the 
town  they  gave  the  war-whoop  and  rushed  on. 
M.  de  Mai'teth  at  the  head  of  a  detachment, 
readied  a  small  fort,  which,  after  some  resistance, 
was  entered,  set  on  lire,  and  all  who  defended  it 
were  slain.     The  sack  of  the  town  immediately 
began,  which  lasted  for  two  hours,  and  all  who 
resisted  were  massacred.     The  house  belonging 
to  the  Eev.  Peter  Tassemaker  of  the  Dutch 
Reformed  Church,  was  ordered  to  be  saved,  but 
as  it  was  not  known,  it  was  burned,  and  ho  was 
killed.     The  dwelling  of  Capt.  Joannes  San- 
ders Glen,  the  Mayor  of  the  place  was  also 
saved,  in  consequence  of  the  good  treatment 
the  French  had  formerly  received  at  his  hands  ; 
also  that  of  a  widow  who  had  six  children,  to 
which  place  M.  de  Montigny  had  been  carried 


liawk  Valley  to 

;he  road  turned 
,dvice  of  the  In- 
itli  tlie  passes  of 
atter  road,  and 
^lock  at  night  of 
.  was  built  of  an 

it,  and  tc  which 
liicli  the  squaws 
3und  wide  open, 
surrounding  the 

and  rushed  on. 
f  a  detachment, 
'some  resistance, 

who  defended  it 
wn  immediately 
lurs,  and  all  who 
house  belonging 
sr  of  the  Dutch 

to  be  saved,  but 
rned,  and  he  was 
)t.  Joannes  San- 
I  place  was  also 

good  treatment 
-ed  at  his  hands ; 
1  six  children,  to 
had  been  carried 


LAKE   CHAMPLAIN.  25 

when  wounded.     AH   the  rest,  amounting  to 
,     some  eiglity  well-built  and  well-furnished  houses 
were  burned.     The  return  march  commenced 
.      with  tmrty  prisoners  and  sixty  good  horses,  of 
5    which  last  sixteen  reached  Montreal,  the  rest 
having  been  killed  for  food.     The  loss  of  the 
French  was  twenty-one,  of  whom  but  two  were 
;   killed  at  the  sack  of  the  town.     The  number 
.,    of  the  inhabitants  destroyed  was  sixty  men 
I  women  and  children.  ' 

;       They  were  pursued  to  Lake  Champlain  by 
Major  Peter  Scliuyler,  with  about  two  hundred 
,  whites  and  Indians,  wlio  took  fifteen  French 
prisoners  and  carried  them  off  to  tlieir  castles 


•'-'i 


Kegiochne, 


/    .^ 


■Hhi 


'-,    1 


i' 


n   1 


j 


! 


CHAPTER  II. 

b^IKED  of  these  midnight  attacks  upon 
■  defenseless  and  outlying  settlements, 
with  the  attendant  barbarities  of  the 
-  p  merciless  savage,  the  colonists  began 
to  see  the  necessity  of  union,  and  to  enact 
measures  of  common  defense.  On  the  first  day 
of  May,  1690,  in  the  Fort  of  New  York,  the 
First  American  Congress  was  held. 

It  was  there  agreed,  that,  while  Massachusetts 
with  a  fleet  attacked  Quebec,  an  army  should 
proceed  by  way  of  Lake  Champlain  to  the 
capture  of  Montreal,  and  thus  complete  the 
conquest  of  Canada. 

Hereafter  the  solitudes  of  the  forest  were  to 
be  broken  by  the  measured  tread  of  civilized 
armies,  not  to  cease  until  the  cross  of  St.  George 
or  the  banner  of  St.  Louis  should  wave  over  the 
entire  continent;  nor  even  then  until  far  down 
in  the  ages  the  bird  of  freedom,  from  its  lonely 
eyrie,  should  witness  the  birth  of  a  new  nation, 


LAKE   CHAMPLAIN. 


27 


N  SCHUYLER'S  ATTACK 
EXPEDITION  —  THE  DE 
^WK  VALLEY  — PURSUIT 
)QA  CcaNTY. 

gilt  attacks  upon 
dng  settlements, 
ai'baritics  of  tlie 
,  colonists  began 
1,  and   to   enact 

On  the  first  day 

New  York,  the 

held. 

lie  Massachusetts 

an  ariny  should 
[lamplain  to  the 
us   complete  the 

he  forest  were  to 
tread  of  civilized 
;ross  of  St.  George 
>iild  wave  over  the 
3n  until  far  down 
m.  from  its  lonely 
1  of  a  new  nation^ 


springing,  like  Pallas  from  the  head  of  Jove, 
armed,  full  grown,  and  founded  upon  tlie  prin- 
ciple of  UNIVERSAL  EQUALITY  FOR  THE  HUMAN 
RACE. 

The  command  of  the  expedition  was  given  to 
Fitz  Jolm  Winthrop,  of  Connecticut,  a  member 
of  the  council  of  Governor  Andros,  and  who 
was  commissioned  to  be  a  major-general  for  this 
purpose. 

On  the  14th  of  July,  General  Winthrop 
set  forward  from  Hartford  with  some  troops, 
and  in  seven  days,  through  tlie  almost  impass- 
able wilderness,  he  reached  Albany.  Two  com- 
panies, under  Captains  Johnson  and  Fitch,  had 
preceded  him.  "Here"  he  says,  he  found,  the 
design  against  Canada  poorly  contrived,  and 
little  prosecuted,  all  things  confused  and  in  no 
readiness  or  position  for  marching ;  yet  every- 
body full  of  idle  projects  about  it." 

The  command  was  composed  of  400  troops 
from  New  York,  three  companies  of  135  men 
from  Connecticut,  thirty  River  Indians,  and  150 
Mohawks.  What  a  sorry  array  compared  to 
the  magnificently  appointed  thousands  who 
sixty-eight  years  after,  swept  tlirough  Lake 
George,  under  Abercrombie  and  Lord  Howe, 
and  found  "glory  and  a  grave"  under  the  bat- 
tlements of  Ticonderoga ! 


'M'. 


If 


i    : 


■  \y  "\ 


illft 


28 


LAKE   GEOEGE   AND 


On  the  30th  the  New  England  troops  and 
the  Indians  moved  up  four  miles,  and  encamped 
upon  the  flats  (Watervliet). 

August  1,  quartered  at  Stillwater,  "  so  named 
because  the  water  passes  so  slowly  as  not  to  be 
discovered;  while  above  and  below,  it  is  dis- 
turbed and  rageth,  as  in  a  great  sea,  occasioned 
by  rocks  and  falls  therein." 

August  2d.  The  general  moved  forward  to 
Saraghtoga    (Schuylerville),   about   fifty  miles 
from  Albany,  where  was  a  block-house  and     'me 
Dutch  soldiers.     At  this  place,  he  was  j  .Ined 
by  Mr.  Wessels,  recorder  of  Albany,  and  a  com- 
pany  of  the  principal  gentlemen,   volunteers 
from  that  city.     He  here  got  letters  from  Major 
Peter  Schuyler,  the  mayor  of  Albany,  who  had 
preceded  him  with  the  Dutch  troops,  to  the 
eifect  that  he  was  up  to  the  second  carrying 
place  vFt.  Miller)  making  canoes  for  the  army. 
Thus  far  "  the  way  had  been  very  good,  only 
four  great  wading  rivers,   one  of  them  (the 
Mohawk)  dangerous  for  both  horse  and  man." 

August  4th.  Divided  the  provision,  thirty- 
five  cakes  of  bread  to  each  soldier,  besides  the 
pork,  and  moved  up  eight  miles  (to  Ft.  Miller) ; 
the  Dutch  soldiers  carrying  up  their  supplies  in 
their  birch  canoes,  and  the  Connecticut  troops 
carrying  them  on  horses.     Here  "the  water 


m 


LAKE   CIIAMPLAIN. 


and  troops  and 
1,  and  encamped 

iter,  "  so  named 
s\'ly  as  not  to  be 
jelow,  it  is  dis- 
t  sea,  occasioned 

»ved  forward  to 
)out  fifty  miles 
:-house  and  .  'me 
!,  lie  was  j  Aned 
3any,  and  a  com- 
men,  volunteers 
ttevs  from  Major 
Albany,  wbo  had 
1  troops,  to  the 

second  carrying 
»es  for  the  army. 

very  good,  only 
le  of  them  (the 
orse  and  man." 
provision,  thirty- 
ildier,  besides  the 
is  (to  Ft.  Miller) ; 
)  their  supplies  in 
onnecticut  troops 
Eere  "the  water 


29 


passeth  so  violently,  by  reason  of  the  great  falls 
and  rocks,  tliat  canoes  cannot  pass,  so  they  were 
forced  to  carry  their  provision  and  canoes  on 
their  backs  a  pretty  ways  to  a  passable  part  of 
the  river." 

August  5th.  The  soldiers  marched,  with  their 
provisions  on  horses,  about  eight  miles,  to  the 
great  carrying  place  (Ft.  Edward),  the  Dutch 
having  gone  up  in  their  canoes. 

August  6th.  The  command  marched  over 
the  carrying  place  twelve  miles,  to  the  forks  on 
Wood  creek  (Ft.  Ann).  The  way  was  up  a  con- 
tmual  swamp  abounding  with  tall  white  pine. 
The  Kew  York  companies  excited  the  general's 
admiration  at  the  vigorous  manner  in  which, 
and  without  any  repining,  they  carried  their 
canoes  and  provisions  across  upon  their  backs. 

August  7th.  Having  sent  thirty  horses  back 
to  Saratoga  for  more  provision,  under  command 
ot  Ensign  Thomilson,  the  general  passed  down 
the  creek  with  two  files  of  musketeers,  in  bark 
canoes,*  flanked  by  the  Indians  marching  by 
the  river  side,  commanded  by  Capt.  Stanton,  to 
the  Hautkill  (Whitehall),  where  he  encamped 


-The  nations  of  the  Algonquin  family  only  made  their 
caaoes  of  birch,  while  the  Iroquois  made  theirs  of  elm 
They  bought  those  of  birch  from  other  tribes.    Lajiteau 
3* 


30 


LAKE  GEORGE   AND 


with  Major  Scliuyler  and  tlie  Mohawk  captains, 
on  the  north  side  of  Wood  creek. 

On  the  9th  of   August,  information   came 
through  Capt.  Johnson,  who  had  been  sent  to 
Albany  some  days  since  to  procure  additional 
siipplies   of  provisions,  that  the   Senecas   and 
other  Indians,  whom  he  expected  to  meet  at  the 
Isle  La  Motte,  near  the  north   end  of  Lake 
Champlain,  had  not  left  their  country  on  account 
of  the  small-pox  breaking  out   among  them. 
The  expression  they  used  was,  "  that  the  Great 
God  had  stopt  their  way."     The  small-pox  had 
also  broken  out  in  the   army,  and  seriously 
reduced  the  available  force.* 

In  the  meantime  Major  Schuyler  had  sent 
forward  Capt.  Sanders  Glen  (the  same  one  who 
had  been  spared  at  the  Schenectady  massacre), 
with  a  scouting  party  of  twenty-eight  men 
and  five  Indians  who  had  proceeded  as  far  as 
"  Ticonderoga,"t  where  he  erected  some  stone 
breastworks,  and  had  been  since  the  fifth  of 
Auo-ust  waiting  for  the  expedition  to  come  up. 


*It  was  claimed  by  the  French  that,  of  this  expedition, 
400  Indians  and  200  English  died  from  the  small-pox. 

+  Tsinondrosa,  meaning  the  "  tail  of  the  lake,"  referring 
to  the  portion  of  Lake  Champlain  south  of  Ticonderoga; 
also  called  by  the  early  Dutch  "  UautkUl." 


ii-;!;  ! 


LAKE   CIIAMPLAIN. 


81 


iwk  captains, 

mation   came 
been  sent  to 
[re  additional 
Senccas  and 
;o  meet  at  the 
end   of  Lake 
try  on  account 
among  tliem. 
;hat  the  Great 
small-pox  had 
and  seriously 

lyler  had  sent 
same  one  who 
ady  massacre), 
nty-eight  men 
seded  as  far  as 
;ed  some  stone 
ce  the  fifth  of 
ion  to  come  np. 

of  tills  expedition, 
the  small-pox. 
the  lake,"  referring 
til  of  Ticonderoga; 
U." 


It  was  now  found  tliat  the  time  was  bo  far 
spent,  the  bark  would  not  peel,  so  no  more 
canoes  could  bo  made. 

The   provisions   were  also   gmu^  out,   and 

it  was   ascertained  from    the   commJHHnrios   at 

Albany  that   no    further    considerable   supply 

;   could  be  forwarded.     It  was,  therufbro,  on  the 

;  15th,  resolved  in  a  council  of  war  to  return 

ii  with  the  army. 

:[      Orders  were  given  to  Capt.  John  Schuyler  * 
:,  brother  of  the  mayor,  to  proceed  with  a  party 
of  forty  Christians  and  120  savages   down  the 
lake,  and  inflict  what  damage  ho  could  on  the 
enemy  at  La  Prairie.     The  troops  tlieu  moved 
back  to  the  head  of  Wood  creek,  where  Lieut 
Hubbell  died  of  the  small-pox,  and  was  buried 
with  much  ceremony.     All  the  forts  down  to 
.Saratoga  wero  burnt  with  the  boats  and  stores 
4     On  the  20th,  the  army,  from  which  so  much 
.was  expected,  reached  Greenbush,  within  sio-lit 
of  the  city,  having  been  absent  just  throe  weeks 
:and  shortly  after  broke  up  and  the  men  went 
home      Gen.  Winthrop  was  put  under  arrest 
by  order  of  Gov.  Leisler  for  the  failure  of  the 
.enterprise,  which,  however,  could  not  well  be 
|)therwise,  considering  the  want  of  a  commis- 


I  *Grandfather  of  Col.  Philip  Schuyler  of  th«  Uuvolution 


82 


LAKE   GEORGE   AND 


sariat,  the  breaking  out  of  the  small-pox,  the 
inadequacy  of  the  transportatioi.,  and  the 
"  failure  to  connect "  of  the  remaining  parts  of 
the  expedition  * 

Capt.  Schuyler,  according  to  orders,  proceeded 
down  the  lake.  Near  the  swamps  he  met  Capt. 
Glen  on  his  return.  He  enlisted  tiiirteen  whites 
and  five  savages  from  this  command,  and  pro- 
ceeded down  to  Canaghsione.t  killing  on  their 
way  a  i^ouple  of  elk  for  food. 

On  the  16th  they  encamped  a  mile  beyond 
Cruyn  Punt  (Crown  Point). 

liith.  They  advanced  to  Kanordoro  (the  Nar- 
rows), where  the  first  guard  was  put  on,  and 
Parent  Wemp  named  as  its  officer. 

17th.  Proceeded  to  Ogharonde  (Windmill 
Point),  where  the  plans  were  laid  for  the  attack, 
and  tiie  Indian  tribes  pledged  each  other  in 
strings  of  wampum  and  with  a  shake  of  the 
hand  to  stand  by  each  other  faithfully. 

23d.  Tliey  reached  La  Prairie,  and  discovered 
the  inhabitants  in  the  fields  engaged  in  the  har- 
vest. The  savages,  with  a  war-cry,  fell  on  them 
and  killed  twelve  persons  and  took  fifteen  men 


*The  French  claimed  that  the  English  dare  not  trust 
themselves  in  the  elm  canoes  which  the  Indians  had  built. 
fThe  Two  Rocks,  ten  miles  below  Whitehall. 


^pl 


LAKE   OHAMPLAIN. 


83 


sni  all-pox,  tlic 
:ioii,  find  the 
lining  parts  of 

■clers,  proceeded 
[)s  he  met  Capt. 
tiiirtcen  whites 
mand,  and  pro- 
killing  on  their 

a  mile  beyond 

jrdoro  (the  Nar- 
as  put  on,  and 
jer. 

)nde  (Windraill 
d  for  the  attack, 
i  each  other  in 
a  shake  of  the 
thfnlly. 

e,  and  discovered 
raged  in  the  har- 
cry,  fell  on  them 
took  fifteen  men 


glish  daro  not  trust 
he  Indians  had  built. 
Vhitehall. 


i 


,i 


,  i' 


and  four  women  prisoners.    Having  l)urnod  Bix- 
teen  houses  and  destroyed  150  liead  of  ,,ittlo 
they  sought  their  boats  and  without  loss  roturnod 
to  Albany. 

On  the  2Gth  they  encami^ed  at  tlio  ''III do 
stone  fort,"  being  the  first  record  of  any  consider, 
able  force  tliat  had  encamped  at  Ticonder..i.a. 
in  thesnmmerof  1091,  Major  Peter  Schuyler, 
at  the  liead  of  a  party  of  2G0  Cliristians  and 
Indians,  following  in  tlie  track  of  his  brother 
above,  made  a  similar  descent  upon  tho  doonu-.l 
settlement  of  La  Prairie.     From  tho  journitl 
of   his  expedition,  we  learn  that  lie  marched 
June  21st,  from  Albany,  .wenty-four  miles     ' 
Stdhv;ater      On  the  2ith  his  comn.and    ,n> 
eeeded  to  Sara, htoga.  sixteen  miles;  and  on  tho 
2Gth,  to  the  first  (Fort  Miller)  and  second  car- 
rymg  places  (Fort  Edward).     On  the  28th  thov 
marched  twelve  miles  to  the  last  carrying  plai 
(Fort  Ann),  and  immediately  commenced  build, 
ing  canoes. 

On  the  1st  of  July  they  made  eight  canoes,  some 
capable  of  carrying  seven,  eight  and  twelve  men. 

Jidy  9th  came  Gerrard  Luykosse  and  Ilernmn 
Vedder,  from  a  party  of  eighty  Mohawks,  at  a 
lake  right  over  Saraghtoga  (Saratoga  hiko^*), 

*  The  name  of  Saratoga  lake  wa7^^^i^^^iJ~7       '~ 


34 


LAKE   GEOBOE   AND 


who  went  l)y  tlio  way  of  Lake  St.  Sacrament, 
and  promised  to  m^et  iiB  in  six  days  at  "  Chin- 
andro£;a  "  (Ticondcroj]ja). 

14:tii.  AVo  removed  to  the  Falls  (Whitehall), 
distant  sixteen  miles,  and  then  encamped. 

10th.  Moved  from  the  Falls,  and  pitched  our 
tents  in  the  narrows  of  the  drowned  lands, 
twelve  miles  distant. 

17th.  Advanced  to  Chinanderoga,  and  two 
hours  after  mot  the  Mohauqucs,  eighty  in  num- 
l)er  ;  after  which  we  fell  to  making  canoes,  the 
Christians  having  broken  two  of  theirs  coming 

over  the  falls.* 

10th.  Advanced  to  Crowne  Point,  twenty 
miles.  Here  the  Mohawks  presented  the  major 
with  a  bundle  of  ninety-two  sticks,  to  indicate 
their  number;  likewise  the  river  Indians 
(Schagticokes),  sixty-six  sticks. 

On  the  1st  of  August,  having  reached  the 
La  Prairie  at  the  break  of  day,  "  they  said  their 


prayers 


,.„^_.-,"  and  marched  over  a  corn  field  and 
along  the  water  side  till  they  came  ta  a  wind- 
mill," when,  as  they  approached,  the  miller  fired 
and  killed  an  Indian,  when  one  of  the  whites 
fired  and  killed  the  miller  as  he  was  attempting 


*  This  is  the  first  record  we  have  of  a  war  party  going 
through  Lake  George. 


iiiV  li>' 


H 


LAKE    CIIAMPLAIN. 


35 


t.  Sacrament, 
ays  at  "  Chin- 
Is  (Whitoliall), 
icaniped. 
nd  pit(!lic(l  our 
rowned  lands, 

t'Op;a,  and  two 
eighty  in  nnni- 
ing  canoes,  the 
f  theirs  coming 

Point,  twenty 
jnted  the  major 
icks,  to  indicate 

river    Indians 

ng  reached  the 
"  they  said  their 
,  corn  field  and 
came  t  o  a  wind- 
,  the  miller  fired 
ne  of  the  whites 
;  was  attempting 


^V 


af  a  war  party  going 


a  second  sliot,  so  that  his  body  hung  half  in  and 
lialf  out  of  the  window.  As  tliey  moved  toward 
the  fort,  they  were  met  by  a  party  of  militia, 
whom  they  easily  repulsed,  and  who  retreated 
into  the  fort  with  considerable  loss.  The  regu- 
lars, under  tlio  coiinnand  of  St.  Cirque,  a  vctenm 
captain,  here  made  an  attack,  but  were  received 
witli  a  sharp  iire,  which  resulted  in  the  loss  of 
the  coimnandant  and  several  other  oflicers. 

Schu  vler  then  fell  back  one  hundred  and  fifty 
yards,  into  a  ditcli,  which  formed  a  sort   of 
ambuscade,  into  wJiicli  the  French  rushed,  but 
were  repulsed  with   considerable  loss.     Mean- 
while M.  Valrenne,  with  a  detachment  of  one 
hundred    and     twenty    men,    had    interposed 
between   Schuyler  and  the  boats.     Two  l„tgo 
trees  which  had  fallen  down,  served  liln  for\ 
breastwork.     But  Schuyler,  formin-  liis  men, 
told  them  that  there  was  no  choice  but  to  fight 
or  die,  and  rushed  on.     They  received  the  first 
volley,  which  killed  and  wound  d  the  most  that 
were  lost  in  the  expedition.     In  a  short  time  the 
enemy  retreated,    and    S  huyler  reached    the 
canoes  and  end)arked,  reacJiing  Albany  on  the 
9th,  with  a  loss  of  twenty-one  killed  and  twenty- 
five  wounded. 

The  perpetual  alarms  which  the  inhabitants 
of  Lower   Canada  suffered    in    these  various 


36 


LAKE   GEORGE   AND 


attacks,  who,  being  taken  alive,  were  tortured 
roasted  and  eaten  by  the  barbarians,  or  had 
their  houses,  cattle  and  crops  destroyed,  deter- 
mined Count  De  Frontenac,  now  Governor  of 
Canada,  to  strike  such  a  blow  upon  the  Mo- 
hawks as  should  compel  them  to  sue  for  peace 
Accordingly,  in  the  month  of  January,  1693* 
he  despatched   from  Montreal  a  force  of  six 
hundred  and  twenty-five   men,  including  two 
hundred  Indians,  under  the  command  of  De 
Manteth,  with  orders  to  proceed  and  destroy  the 
Moliawk  castles,  and  commit  as  great  rava-es 
as  possible  around  Fort  Orange— Albany.     The 
party,  like  the  expedition  of  1666,  were  pro- 
vided with  trains,  provisions,  ammunition,  in 
short  every  thing  necessary  for  so  long  a  jour- 
ney on  snow-shoes,  through  woods  and  over  the 
fimen  lakes  and  rivers.     They  were  accompa- 
med  by  twenty-five  officers,   some  of  whom 
benig  the  seniors  of  the  commandant,  accom- 
panied   the  expedition   as  volunteers.      They 
crossed  over  the  carrying  place  at  Ticonderoga, 
and  glided  over  the  now  silent  and  ice-bound 
waters  of   Lake    St.   Sacrament  to   its  head 
Ilien  passing  the  base  of  the  Luzerne  rano-e 
tliey  crossed  the  Hudson  river  near  the  Little 
Bay  above  Glen's  Falls,  and  thence  moved  in 
the  shadow  of  the  Palmerton  mountain,  and 


LAKE  CHAMPLAIN. 


S7 


;.>"ge,  t,ll,  on  tlie  8th  of  February,  tliey  came 
.n  s,gl,t  of  the  first  of  the  Mohawk  LX 
a.  ua te  near  Tribes'  UiH.     The  fi,.t  of  them    n 
whjeh  ,vere  bnt  Ave  men  and  several  ^lle" 

one^r;:\:;r:er:!^^'ar'°^^^r'' 

11  r      1  .      •^'  '^"^^^  ^^eie  stiJl  a  lesser  number 
ISth  at  Ttonderosa  (Fort  Hunter),  where  the 

^don::f tr "'"'  "■"''™  ^'■'"•^■'  ""*  '--- 

foes,  was  a  party  of  forty  warriors,  who  were 
havmg  dances  and  singing  war  songs,  being 

J-he  noise  hav.ng  ceased,  the  gates  of  the  fort 
were  eas.Iy  entered,  and  it  was  captured  with 
the  loss  of  but  one  Frenelunan.  Some  twitv 
orth,rtyoftheMohawks,besidesseve,"l,re^ 
werekdod  in  tlie  first  assault  and  sul,se„re,U 
...  ox.cat,o„  of  the  French   Indiana.     Fh^X 

not  be  romoved,  were  destroyed,  and  the  party 
returned  to  the  first  caatle.  The  number  of 
p.. aonc-s  amounted  to  three  hundred,  includm. 
over  one  hundred  who  were  able  to  iear  arms" 
On  the  22d,  the  last  of  the  castles  having  Ci 
desU-oyed,  mcluding  the  provisions  and  clfthing 
atored  therem,  the  expedition  retraced    their 


,'f.-'i 


I  ft 


If    ' 


38 


LAKE  GEOliaE  AND 


ri     ^ 


I 


Bteps.  It  was  the  intention  of  the  French  com- 
nmiulur  to  push  on  to  Schenectady  and  Albany, 
but  they  were  overruled  by  the  Indian  chiefs, 
wlig  roin-esented  that  the  number  of  prisoners 
tlioy  luul,  would  prevent  them  from  making  any 
further  advances.  MeauAvhile,  by  the  escape 
of  ft  young  Dutchman  named  Yan  Epps,  who 
throo  years  before  had  been  taken  a  prisoner  at 
tUo  Schenectady  massacre,  on  the  first  evening 
of  the  arrival  of  the  French  at  the  Mohawk 
fort  information  came  to  the  English  of  the 
movements  of  the  enemy.  The  wliole  country 
WAS  alarmed.  The  same  night,  Lieut.  John 
Schuyler  and  fifty-five  horse  marched  from 
Albany  to  Schenectady.  These  vvere  quickly 
followed  by  Major  Peter  Schuyler,  who  sent  out 
scQuti  to  watch  the  enemy's  movements.  On 
Saturday  information  was  brought  that  the 
Mohawk  castle  at  Tionderosa  had  been  fired, 
which  news  being  brought  forward  to  Albany, 
Major  Ingoldsbey  sent  forward  a  detachment 
of  two  hididrcd  men  under  Captains  Matthews, 
Killian  Van  Rensselaer  and  others,  who  reported 
to  Major  Schuyler  about  two  o'clock  p.  m.  The 
next  day,  Monday,  he  crossed  the  river  and 
Bturtod  In  pursuit  of  the  enemy  with  two  hun- 
dred and  seventy-three  men,  and  marched 
twelve  miles  and  encamped.     At  or.e  o'clock 


LAKE  CIIAMPLAIN. 


39 


who 


It  "<""  '"'"■"'"g  I'e  broke  camp  and  marched 
till  SIX  A.  M.,  when  he  had  advice  that  the  Cana- 
d.ans  were  eight  miles  distant.  Lieut.  Van 
%ek  and  two  Indians  were  sent  out  to  recon- 
Boitro,  who,  on  their  return,  reported  tliat  the 

their  return  homeward.  At  four  o'docic  v  m 
the  command  marched  to  tlie  place  where  the 
mvaders  had  Iain  the  night  hefore,  near  Tribel' 

On  Tuesday,  the  15t\       ,,  received  a  re-en- 

foreemcnt  of  270  MoI,a,,.,„,,oJ,ad  come  down 
trom  tlie  upper  country,  and  the  united  com- 
mand marched  ahout  ten  miles  (tonearGahr) 
ad  sen  sp,es  to  discover  theenemy.     Thursday 
«ie  17th,  marched  in  the  morning  to  the  place 

G  ITfl  u  n""^'"'  P'«"«"%  ■'"camped  nel 
^reenfleld  Centre).     Two  miles  furtlior  on,  tliey 
earned  through  a  christian  boy,  a  son  ot' aZ 
out,  tlie  nterpreter,  that  the  French  were  within 
three  miles.     They  marched  forward  and 
caniped  within  a  mile  of  the  enemy,  and  whe" 
the  French  had  built  a  fort,  Indian  fashion  (near 
S  lies  in  Wilton),  and  preparations  had  evid  iX 

ben  made  to  give  them  a  warm  reception"^ 
The  officers  were  ordered  to  their  posts  and 
tiie  troops  proceeded  to  fortlty:  which  the 
French   perceiving,  with   loud  huzzas,  imi 


'''I  t  m 


40 


L    .%.E    GEORGE   AND 


diately  sallied  out  of  their  intrenclinients,  and 
attacked  them.  They  were  beaten  back  into 
their  fort,  with  a  loss  of  eight  men,  when 
the  English  troops  continued  the  work  at 
their  abattis.  At  this  the  French  sallied 
out  again,  but  we  e  once  more  forced  back, 
with  some  loss.  A  third  time  they  atta.'ked 
the  works,  but  without  success,  and  Avith  a 
loss  in  all  of  thirty-three  killed  and  twenty- 
six  wounded,  among  tlie  former  of  whom  was 
the  commandant  and  four  other  officers.      As 


engagement 


was    over,    Major 


soon    as    the 

Schuyler  sent  back  for  provisions,  the  men 
having  had  nothing  to  eat  for  two  days.  The 
next  day,  there  was  a  storm  of  snow  and  wind, 
which  covered  up  their  tracks,  and  prevented 
any  movement ;  but  at  ten  o'clock  a.  m.,  the 
enemy  broke  up  their  camp  and  marched  till 
evening.  Major  Schuyler  detached  sixty  men 
and  some  Indians  to  follow  them,  which  he  was 
unable  to  do  with  the  main  body,  by  reason  of  the 
lack  of  supplies.  The  next  day,  Sunday,  Capt. 
Simms  arrived  mth.  a  reinforcement  of  eighty 
men  and  provisions,  which  were  inunediately 
distributed  ;  those  iirst  served  being  ordered  to 
the  pursuit,  with  five  biscuits  per  man.  About 
four  o'clock  the  men  under  command  of  Capt. 
Peter  Matliews  and  Lieut.  Schuyler  came  up 


^1 


■i: 

n 


^-  :  f,  •  • 


LAKE  CHAMPLAIN.  41 

Within  a  mile  of  the  enemy,  when  the  orders 
were  given  to  fall  upon  their  rear,  but  the  Indi- 
ans halted  and  refused  to  go  forward,  because 
hey  had  information  that,  if  they  made  the  at- 
tack the  French  would  kill  all  their  women  and 
children    whom  they  had  prisoners.     i\fter  an 
Jiour  had  been  thus  wasted,  the  rest  of  the  men 
got  up,  and  the  march  was  resumed,  with  the 
expectation  of  overtaking  the  enemy  at  the  river 
side ;  but  a  flake  of  ice,  having  lodged  in  the 
river,  formed  a  bridge,  while  all  was  open  above 
and  below,  across  which  the  invaders  passed  in 
satety     The  French  marched  in  good  order,  the 
wounded  and  prisoners  being  in  the  center,  and 
the  picked  troops  in  the  rear.     They  arrived  at 
i^ake  bt.  Sacrament  on  the  22d.     The  ice  here 
was  found  to  be  all  rotten,  and  Lhe  men  in  some 
places  sank  up  to  the  waist.     The  Indians  sepa- 
rated from  the  French  to  strike  across  to  Lake 
Cliamplain.     The  prisoners,  except  about  fifty 
escaped.     Two  days  after,  having  reached  theii' 
depot  of  provisions,  they  found  them  entirely 
spoiled  by  the  rain.     Famine  stared  them  in  the 
face  and  they  even  boiled  the  extra  moccasins 
for  food.     They  were  four  or  five  days  without 
supplies,  and  two  or  three  died.     Messengers 
were  sent  to  Montreal  for  assistance,  and  150 
men,  with  provisions  on  their  backs,  went  to 


II  m 


il  f 


a  h 


42 


LAKE   GEORGE   AND 


tlieir  cassistance.  Finally,  on  the  9th  of  March, 
they  reached  Montreal,  havino;  thrown  away 
arras  and  blankets,  and  so  M-asted  by  fatigue 
and  exposure  as  to  be  scarcely  recognized.  The 
pursuit  by  Major  Schuyler  was  only  carried  to 
the  river ;  the  aversion  of  the  Indians  to  fall 
upon  the  enemy,  as  above  stated,  the  want  of  pro- 
visions, and  their  shoes  quite  worn  out,  wei-e  the 
reasons  given  for  their  turning  back,  which 
they  did  the  next  day,  arriving 'in  Schenectady 
the  day  after. 

While  these  movements  were  in  progress  on 
the   frontier,  an   express   from   Col.  Beekman, 
of  Ulster  county,  had  communicated  to  Gov. 
Fletcher,  at  New  York,  the  news  of  the  attack 
on   the   Mohawk   castles,  which    reached  him 
about  eleven  o'clock  on  the  night  of  the  12th 
inst.     Fletcher  was  a  soldier  by  profession,  and 
without  delay,  sent  orders  to  Col.  Courtland,  of 
Kings,  and  Col.  Wilton,  of  Queens  counties'  to 
be  forthwith  ready  with  their  regiments  to  em- 
bark at  the  ferry.     At  eight  o'clock  the  next 
morning,  the  city  regiment  being  under  arms.  His 
Excellency,  on  horseback,  demanded  who  were 
willing  to  follo^.•  him  to  the  frontier  against  the 
enemy.     They  unanimously  threw  up  their  hats, 
upon  which   .150  picked  men   Avere  detached 
under  the  command   of  three   captains.     The 


LAKE  OHAMPLAIN. 


Tlie 


next  daj,  Tuesday,  ei-lit  sloops  with 


and 


43 

provisions 


our 


ernor 


^      ammunition  were  made  ready,  and  at  f( 
o  e  ock  tlie  troops  embarked  witli  the  Gov 
and   staff       The   wind    being   favorable,    they 
reached  Albany  at  nine  o^cloek  on  Friday,  when 
they  immediately  pressed  forward  to  Schenec- 
tady.    The  storm  of  Saturday,  which  prevented 
Major  Schuyler  from  moving  out  of  his  camp, 
as  above  stated,  also  prevented  the  party  from 
crossing  the  Mohawk  river.     On  Sundav    the 
ice  resettling,  enabled  them  to  cross  o;e'r  on 
foot,  when  two  hours  after,  the  river  was  open 


again. 


On  Monday  a  further  detachment  marched 
over  with  thirteen  horses  loaded  with  supplies 
and  at  two  o'clock  p.  m.  Capt.  Stilhvell  arrived 
with   hfty   men    from    Kings    county,  making 
m  all  208  men,  besides  the  guides.     Tucdav 
an    express   from    Major   Schuyler    announced 
Ins    approach ;     whereupon    the    troo,.s    were 
recalled,  and  the  Governor  returned  to  Albany 
In   consideration  of  this   rapid   movement   of 
W.  Fletcher  for  their  relief,  on  the  25th  of 
February  a  great  council  of  the  live  nations  was 
held  at  Albany,  at  which  the  liearth-fire  was 
nncovered,  Sadekanaktie,  Sachem  of  the  Onon- 
dagas  being  the  speaker.     Gov.   Fletcher  was 
christened    "Brother    Cajenguirage,"    a   word 


ll 


# 


44 


LAKE   GEORGE  AND 


signifying  "  Lord  of  the  Great  Swift  Arrow," 
because  of  liis  speedy  arrival  with  so  many  men 
to  tlie  relief  of  their  Wagiias'  castles ;  which 
name  he  bore  with  them  forever  after.* 


*Doc.  iv,  IG ;  ix,  549.  This  account  seems  to  have  been 
almost  entirely  overlooked.  The  difFcrenco  of  time  in  the 
French  and  Englisli  accounts  is  accounted  for  by  the  one 
usmg  old  style  and  the  other  now  style.  Reconciling  them 
and  taking  Burr's  atlas  and  a  pair  of  dividers,  the  v.  stances' 
are  easily  ascertained. 


HUBSON  RiVEE  CKOSSINa 


TOW 


y  men 
rvliich 


0  been 
in  tlio 
he  one 
'  them, 
tancea 


CHAPTER  in. 

Queen  anne's  wah  -  Nicholson's  ExpFniT.nv.     - 
FO.T  ^•-„oLsoN-„EN«nICKlro„TT^^;K~, T  ?""''"""• 

TU«E    OF    «ARAOHTO0A-FonT    CLINTON     T*"  '''''''^~''''' 

ANB  BATTLE  AT  ro«T  CLINTON -™;;.VNr'^  ""'''""'"'' 
WILLIAM  JOHNSON'S  EXPEDITION  TO  lAKp"!  ''"''"'''^  ''^flTIES - 
OUNTON  BI,«NEI,-rKACE  O.  ^-LA  rj;,  lI  ""'""'^'*^  -  ^""^^ 

1709, 

l^fif"^  1^^'''^°  ^^'  %swick  I.ud  been  de- 
clared in    1695.     After  u  lapse   of 
fourteen  years,  the  Avar  between  Kn..- 
land   and   France,  known    an  Q„ee''n 
Anne  s  ^^^r,  broke  out,  wlueh  speedily  extended 
to  the  colonies  eaeh  bent  on  the  exfern.ination 
of  the  other.     Ingoldsby,  who,  with  the  rank  of 
major,  had  come  to  this  eonntry  as  eo.nn.andant 
of  Her  Majesty's  fonr  companies  of  i-o^'nlars,  was 
now     lentenant-governor.      Peter  („c,w    Col ) 
Schuyler,  was   of  the   executive   eo.uH^il,    and 
also  one  of  the  commissioners  of  Indian  nifairs 
He  was  called  by  the  Indians  Qn;./ar,  because 
they  could  not  pronounce  his  given  name.     His 
brother  John,  who  had  led  the  incur.i<.n  against 
Chamblay,  had  been  advanced  to  the  grade  of 
lieutenant-colonel.  *' 


46 


LAKE   OEORfJE   AND 


Afljain,  a  joint  expedition  was  proposed  for 
the  conqnest  of  Canada.  Five  regiments  of 
rei^ulars,  with  i)ropor  supplies,  wore 'to  come  to 
Boston,  tlicre  to  Lc  joined  with  1,200  provin- 
cials, who  were  to  proceed  by  sea  to  Quebec, 
while  the  troops  wore  to  rendezvous  at  Albany 
for  the  attack  on  Montreal.  The  forces  lor  1  his 
latter  route  were  placed  under  the  command  of 
Col.  Yetch,  a  ne])hew  of  Peter  Schuyler  and 
Gen.  Nicholson.  The  last  was  tendered  the 
command  by  Gov.  Ingoldsl)y,  May  21,  1709. 

Oh  the  19th,  the  council  gave  orders  that 
"there  be  sent  up  forthwith  to  Albany,  a  suffi- 
cient quantity  of  stores,  provisions  and  all  other 
things  necessary  for  six  hundred  men,  together 
with  carpenters  and  materials  necessary  for 
building  store-houses  and  boats,  and  makin.r 
canoes,"*  etc.  ** 

The  first  portion  of  the  expedition,  com- 
prising 300  men,  with  the  pioneers  and  artifi- 
cers, moved  out  from  Albany  about  the  first 
of  June,  under  the  connnand  of  Col.  Schuy- 
ler, and  proceeded  to  Stillwater,  where  they 
built  a  stockade  for  provisions,  which  they 
named  Fort  Ingoidsby.  They  also  established 
stockade  forts  at  Saraghtoga,  below  the  Batten- 


*  Journal  of  the  Legislative  CouncU  of  New  York. 


LAKE   CIIAMPLAIN. 


kill. 


41 


OMd   at   Fort    Miller  Fulls,  n,„I   I„iilt  „ 
™.ul  „p  ,1,0  east  si,l„  of  ,l,o  ,-wl  t„   l"  Xu 
ea"7"«  place.     Here  tl.ey  estaWinl,..    ?  , , 

vlnch  was  eallc.1  F„,,  Nichobo,,,  „,„1  tl,  " 

cceded  „,,  to  the  .■„rk  of  tl,e  Wood  ereok  (F  ,"1 
A..n),  where  they  constructed  a  hundred  1,  1< 
ca,,oes  an        ,,„„„,„,  „„,  ^^„  ^_^. 

would  hold  from  six  to  ten  men  each.    Th,.v 
also  buiIt  a  redoubt  and  afterward  a  stockuded 
lort,  winch  was  luuncd  Fort  Schuyler  *     I  !,.„ 
tonant-Colonel  John  Schuyler  wa,  i„  ^onun'  nd 

ot  tiie  pjjice. 

The  number  of  men  was  finally  increft«u(l  fo 
eleven  hundred  and  fifty.  Fort  NioholH.,„  was 
garrisoned  hy  four  Imndred  and  fifty  men  i„. 
eluding  .seven  companies  of  '^  regular,  in  Hcu'rlet 
umlorm  irom  old  England."  At  the  fortifij 
house  at  the  next  falls  below  (Fort  Miller),  wero 
forty  men;  and- at  Stillwater,  where  La  Fh-ucr 
lived,  Avere  seventy  men. 

Meanwhile,   De  Vandreuil    had  moved   «„ 
from  Montreal  to  Chamblay  with  1,(;(,0  French 
ti-oops,  to  watch  the  motions  of  the  invudurH 
IJie  expedition,  on   the  part  of  the   FnirliHh' 
however,   was    simply   auxiliary   to  the    fieut.' 

*  Doc.  ix,  837.  839.    When  it  received  the  na.no  of  ••  FuHT 
Anne    does  not  apixmr. 


I\ 


4S 


.fir 


LAKE   GEORGE    AND 


Ai^tl  >  latter  failed,  iiotluDi.  further  cnino  of 
Mio  invasion,  anil  the  suimner  passed  away  in 
idlencJtA. 

Ahoiit  the  iirst  of  October,  Lt.  Barent  Staaf. 
a  nephew  of  Col.  Schuyler,  was  captured  near 
l^ort  Nicholson,  and  was  detained  by  the  enemy 
till  the  winter,  when  he  was  exchan"^rcd. 

The  army  retired  in  Noyembcr,  haying  first 
burned  the  fort,  canoes  and  bateaux,  and  also 
all  the  forts  aboyc  Saraghtoga. 

The  following  winter,  Col.  Schuyler,  with  fiye 
Sachems,  including  King  Hendrick   and  (Jen 
Xicholson,  went  to  England  to  deyise  a  plan 
for  another  expedition  for  the  conquest  of  the 
In-ench  colonies.     I„  London  the  Indians  were 
clothed  m  a  gay  and  showy  dress,  designed  by 
the  costumers  of  Her  Majesty's  theatre,  being 
a  suit  of  English  small   clothes  of  black,  with 
scarlet   mgrain   mantles  of  doth,  edged   with 
gold,  for  their  blankets.     In  this  they  were  con- 
ducted in  state,  in  coaches,  to  an  audience  with 
Queen  Anne ;  and,  giying  her  belts  of  wampum 
avowed  their  readiness  to  take  up  the  hatchet 
and  aid  m  the  reduction  of  Canada. 

In  1711  a  second  army  was  fitted  out  in  a 
similar  manner  to  the  last,  and  with  the  same 
pm-pose.  That  for  the  Albany  expedition  was 
organized    into    three    regiments,   as   follows- 


LAKE  fllAMI'lAIN. 


49 


Col    I„g„M.bj,,  ,.,.„,„„.  p,^, 

lork  trooiw:  Col  Wliitl.,.,  n  »•         '     »" 

he  wl.ole  ,.o„s,rting  of  fiftoou  l,„n,I,.„,I  n.en 

1  ey  1  It  All,,,       „„  „,^  2^j|^  ^j.  ^ 

Tf  ';  '■  ;;'''"/■''■'•  ^''"''''»' •"'!'«  ■'"--■ 

e„? «•;,■""'■•    .^'••'■'- Ni'^'.olso,.  i,e,.o  pros..,,  ,1 
tiem  w,th  a  pu-tm-o  of  Ki„j;  JJfiid rick  t    • 

tliooi  >vl,I,  "«  °*^'™'''  »"<' la-esentcd 

each  of     l.c    nat.ons.     Tho    Indians    roplied 

nor  turned  npsi.lo  down,  bnt  rcnain  boH  1 
Oncanmg  that  tho  war  ,„„,  eontinuo),  "  ,„,  if 
Ood  p  ea,e  to  bless,  we  wholl,  re^,t  ,„"'„'. 
duo  Canada  when  we  will  overeet  and  tnrn  tho 
kettle  „ps,de  down,  and  what  is  boiled  n  it 
(.nea„n,g  the  prisoners)  will  bo  at  the  d l  ,osa 
o{Annada^arna.«(Gou  Jfieholson).  ^ 
On  tho  28th  of  Angust  the  troops  were  all  on 

as  fai  as  Wood  creek,  to  the  spot  whore  tho  fort 
waswh.chwas  destroyed  the  year  bof.ro  and 
was  called  Fort  Ann.  The 'l.attoaux  'were 
n>a,nly  prepared   in   Albany  and   below,  and 


50 


LAKE   GEORGE   AKD 


were  transported  across  the  carrying  place. 
Tlie  way  was  three  feet  four  inches  wide,  French 
measure.* 

Shortly  after,  intelligence  was  received  that 
Her  Majesty's  fleet  had  been  shattered  by  storms 
in  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  with  a  loss  of  over 
a  thousand  troops,  and,  owing  to  the  ignorance 
of  the  pilots,  it  was  deemed  advisable  to  aban- 
don the  expedition,  wiiereupon  the  troops  were 
ordered  back  and  were  disbanded.     Thus  the 
third  attempt  at  the  conquest  of  Canada  proved 
abortive,  and  shortly  after,  in  1713,  the  declar- 
ation of  i^eace,  known  as  the  peace  of  Utrecht, 
between  England  and   Franco,  put  a  stop   to 
further  incursions,  and  closed  the  series  of  uni- 
versal wars  for  the  balance  of  power. 

In  1731,  in  the  midst  of  profound  peace,  M. 
de  Beauluirnois  conceived  the  plan  of  fortifying 
a  point  on  Lake  Champlain  known  as  ''Poi?it 
au  Chevclure''\  or  Crown  Point.  It  M'as 
described  as  at  the  head  of  Lake  Champlain, 
about   half   way    from    Chamblay   to    Orange 


i|'3 


*  Holmes'  American  Annals,  and  th  authorities  tliore 
cited,  state  ^hat  Nicholson  wont  to  Lake  St.  Sacrament,  but 
there  does  v-n  appear  to  be  any  foundation  for  the  assertion. 

f  So  named  in  1689. 


I"AKE  CriAMPLAIN. 


61 


(Albany),     "  It 


is  a  small  strait. 


,  separating  the 

^Ineli  IS  a  place  called  the  Little  Fall  of  thP 

be Tl     1        f  ^'  ^^  ^^^''^^'^^'  «^^  ^-oad  will 
be  blocked  on  the  English,  should  they  wish  to 
pass   over   our  territory,  and  we  wiU  be    n  a 
position   to  fall  upon   them  when  they  lea. 
.     expeeit.     Beyond  a  doubt  the  King  oUn" 

cit uen  of  Orange.     Therefore  we  must  antici- 
pate the  establishment  they  may  found  at  Crow: 

Their  fears  in   the  latter  case  were  a  mere 

7,7%-  *^-l-t-t  granted  to  the  childl 
of  Schuyler  only  extended  from  Sarac-hto^a 
patent  up  to  Wood  creek.*  '^-^^^oga 

On  the  above  representations,  however.  His 

Sw;-^""''''''"-^^^^^*^-f-ttobe 

bmlt,  which  was  accordingly  done,  and  a  gar- 
i^on  of    ,venty  men  was  placed  within  it  for 
protection.     It  was  first  a  small  wooden  foi't 
Inch   m   siiccessive  years  was   enlarged    aTd 
strengthened,  until,  in  1755,  it  was  eajtable  of 


*  Fort  Edward. 


52 


LAKE  GEOEGE  AND 


holding  five  Inindred  or  six  hundred  men.  It 
Wfti  known  as  Fort  St.  Frederick.* 

Tho  following  appears  to  have  heen  its  early 
armniiient:  Two  h-on  cannon,  six-ponndcrs ; 
sovontcon  iron  cannon,  four-pounders ;  twenty- 
thvm  brass  cannon,  two-pounders ;  one  iron  can- 
non, two-pounder;  one  mortar;  eighteen  iron 
8W1  vujg ;  twenty-five  iron  shells. 

Th©^  provincials  looked  with  alarm  at  this 
menacing  demonstration  sixty  miles  within  their 


*  Tlin  Fronch  name  of  Crown  Point,  Fort  St.  Frederick 
U  dorlvnd  from  tho  Frencli  Secretary  of  State,  Frederick 
MHiuvimH,  in  whose  Imnds  the  direction  and  management 
of  tho  Court  of  Admiralty  was  at  the  time  of  its  erection 
It  IH  to  bo  observed  that  the  government  of  Canada  is  sub- 
Joft  to  tho  Court  of  Admiralty,  and  the  Qovernor-General 
Is  ftJwftys  chosen  by  this  court.    As  most  of  the  places  in 
Cjiufwlft  bear  tlie  name  of  saints,  custom  has  made  it  neces- 
sary in  prefix  tlie  word  to  the  name  of  this  fortress.    It  is 
bil  It  cm  tt  rock  consisting  of  black  lime  slates  as  aforesaid. 
It  ts  lumrly  quadrangular,  has  high,  thick  walls  made  of 
tUo  «,«no  limestone,  of  which  there  is  a  quarry  about  half  a 
milo  (llstnnt,     On  tho  eastern  part  of  the  fort  is  a  hio-h 
towur,  which  is  proof  against  bombshells,  and  is  well  served 
wJtU  mniion  from  the  bottom  almost  to  the  very  top,  and 
tho  Uov.rnor,  Mr.  Lusignan,      ves  in  the  tower.      In  the 
tomn.loln  1«  ft  well-built  little  church,  and  houses  of  stone. 
for  tliu  o(n,.„s  and  soldiers.    Tliere  are  sharp  rocks  on  all 
mm  K.witnl  tJio  laud,  beyond  a  cannon-shot  from  the  fort 
biltamoh^  thorn  are  some  which  are  as  high  as  the  walls 
or  th(»  tm,  and  very  near  them.    Kalm's  Travels,  1748 


1 
] 
•V 
t 

P 

t( 

tl 

a] 
fa 
tl] 


LAKE   CHAjiPLAIN.  53 

border  and  ,„acle  the  most  energetic  protests, 
both  at  Lome  and  to  the  Lords  of  Trade,  a^-ains 
Its  continuanec.     Tlie  Enrl  nf  \t„i  i         " 
■Ri-:t:=l,  A     1         ,  vyaldegrave,  the 

Ji.,t,sh  Ambassador,  made  his  objeetion  ac-ainst 
^contmnanee  of  the  fort,  as  in  Loluto  o  ;" 

CnofT*/^'*'""*^-'^''^"'^ 

EnSishttd™:::;,:''""'"  ^-'-^ "--"  «- 

In  the  month  of  Norember,  1745,  an  oxpedi- 

raand  „f  M.  Mar.n,  comprising  three  hundred 
Frenchmen  and  as  many  Indians.     Their  object 
was  to  attack  and  capture  the  settlement.  In 
tiie  Connec  ,c„t,  bnt  on  their  arrival  at  Fort  St 
Fredenek  this  purpose  was  changed,  and  they 

they  attacked  on  the  night  of  the  16th  and  17t>, 
plundered  and  burned  about  twenty  house  ' 
oge  her  wtth  the  fort.  In  this  affair  some 
thu  y  persons  were  killed  and  scalped,  and 
f""}  '''''y  ""'■■o  '"ken  prisonn-s.  Oni;  one 
fauuly  escaped  destruction,  by  flight,  who,  as 
they  looked  back,  saw  the  fort  in  flames 


*  Doc.  X,  pp.  38  and  39. 
5* 


54 


LAKE   GEORGE   AND 


In  tliG  spring  of  1746  the  English  proceeded 
to  rebuild  the  fort,  for  the  construction  of  which 
the  Assembly  had  voted  one  hundred  cand  fifty 
pounds.  The  location  was,  however,  changed 
to  accommodate  some  wheat  fields  which  M^ere 
then  growing,  and  to  preserve  which  was  the 
object  of  its  construction.*  The  name  given  to 
the  new  work  was  Fort  Clinton. 

lUG,  Aug.  20.  M.  de  Repentigny,  who,  with 
a  party  of  twenty-six  Abnekas,  was  scouting 
near  by,  made  an  attack  upon  a  party  of  twenty 
soldiers  who  were  escorting  a  cart  loaded  with 
clay  to  buihi  a  chimney,  and  killed  four  men  at 
the  gate  of  the  fort  (who  were  scalped  by  the 
Indians),  and  took  four  prisoners.f 

October  24.  The  same  officer,  being  on  the 
road  between  Albany  and  Saraghtoga,  attacked 
the  ordnance  and  provision  train  which  was 
then  mov'ig  up  to  the  latter  place,  and  killed 
two  men  and  upset  the  wagon.:j: 

July  16.  De  Mery,  and  a  detachment  of 
foil,  hundred  and  fifty  Canadians  and  savages, 
came  to  South  Bay,  and  were  employed  scouting 
and  working  on  the  river  au   c'huot  (\food 


*Doc.  vi,  630.    Called  by  the  French  Sarasteau. 
\  Doc.  X,  35. 
X  Doc.  X,  75. 


LAKE   CIIAl^rPLAIN. 


Creek),  where  thej  felled  the  trees  on  both 


to  render  its  n<a\ 


66 

sides 


igation  impracticable. 


The  commandant  at  Fort  St.  Fredenek  was 
M.  de  Celeron. 

loi  S  .  Frederick,  at  muhiight,  for  Saragh toga, 
to  destroy  Fort  Clinton.-  It  was  uncfer  tlie 
command  of  La  Corne  St.  Lnc,  and  comprised 
twenty  Frenchmen  and  two  lumdred  Indians 

Jnne  14  Arrived  at  the  Orange  (Ilndson) 
river,  winch  rhey  crossed  and  came  down  the 
west  side. 

June  16.    The  Indians  propped  to  form  an 
ambuscade  on  a  little  island  in  front  of  the  fort 
m  order  to  try  and  "break  somebody's  head,'' 

foit      The  same  day,  De  Carquiville  reported 
that  some  forty  or  fifty  Englishmen  ^vere  fishing 

. to 


•Fort  Clinton  was  one  hundred  and  fifty  feet  lon,r  1™ 
ono  hundred  feet  wide,  with  six  wooden  re^oub  ,  f"f  Jf 
»ck,.     I,  wa,  .Itua.ed  on  a  hill  „u,h  of  the  Batta.k  ,1  to 

^^eir rL^r:t'  si';r .r  "^  '•-"- 
^n™..t™.ofthe;if^:::-s^^^^^^ 

..»  of  the  old  fort.    One  hundred  bateau,  had  been  b,  m 


i  iii 


56 


LAKE   GEORGE   AND 


m  the  Battenkill ;  whereupon  La  Corne  ofK.. ed 
T   f;^^^^-^^^'-^-el   g"n   to   tlie    nrst   inan    who 
slKHud  bnng  in  a  prisoner,  and  UM  then,  that 
atte.-  one  first  volley  he  should  cliar-e  the  fort- 
ax  :a  hand.     The  same  dnj,  and  the  next,  the 
i<  rencii  c-rossed  t!»e  river.     The  next  day  he  sent 
twenty  men  on  *Le  road  to  Orange,  who  returned 
^der  th^  supposition  tint  thej  Avo,e  discovered. 
Ihe  Indians  now  asr^.n>ib]cd  around  the  officers 
and  said  they  mu.t  ..c.reat,  but  these  gentle^ 
men  told  ti.om  ^-it  was  not  the  custom  of  the 
l^rench    to    retire   without    fighting,   M-hen    so 
near  the  enemy,  and  they  were  able  to  defend 
themselves  against  this  numl^er  of  men  if  they 
should  be  attacked."      The  young  braves  of 
i^  ..oult,_  Kepissings,  Northern  Iroquois  and 
Hurong  said  tliey  would  not  desert  them      Six 
scouts  were   then  sent  out  to  the  appointed 
place  to  he  m  ambush,  and  to  pass  the  ni^ht 
withm  eight  paces  of  the  fort,  with  dh-eetions 
^o  iire  on  those  who,  the  next  morning,  should 
come  cn^t  of  the  fort,  and  try  and  take  a  scalp, 
when  If  they  were  attacked  they  should  retreat 
pretending  to  be  wounded.     This  was  accord- 
ingly done, 

On  the  morning  of  the  18th,  at  the  break  of 
day,  two  Englishmen  came  outside  the  gate,  and 
were  fired  on,  when  the  scouts  withdrew.    A 


f 


1 
t 

T 

s 
s< 
c 
T 


LAKE  CIIAMPI.AIX. 


hundred  nnd  twontj  of  tlio 


67 


Englisli,  lieaded  by 


then   of!,,  ei-s,  tl.cn  came  out  of  the  fort   and 
hav.„g    Wmod  i„  onlo,  „,a,.e,,od  tow    d 

Y'<.>  lialted  at  tho  spot  wbicli  the  seouts  hid 
abandoned,  and  whore  thoy  had  led  a  *  S 
and    omahawk.     At  thi..  La  Co.ne  gave  the 
■■fe':  d^     ,m""'  ^^•''"™-«  -  -—>'.    0 
J^nglid.  fired  back,  and  also  opened  with  cannon 
and  grape  from  the  fort.     The  Indian.,  1  owoZ 
".shed  on,  tomahawk  in  hand,  and  r^med  tL' 

gates.  Some  threw  themseU-cs  into  the  rive- 
and  were  kmcd  hy  blows  of  the  hatche  and  l" 
gnnshota  Forty.fi.o  prisoners  were  taken  and 
twent^o.ght  scalps,    besides   those  who  Zt 

In  addition  to  the  expeditions  here  mentioned 

we™  a  large  „„„,ber,  twenty-seven  in   all    of 

re«y  e..  n,.,;         e„„,prisi„g\.,„m  ten  to  Uy 

men  eaeh,  who  were  fitted  ont  at  Montreal  to 

take    he  rente  of  Fort  St.  Frederick,  and  com! 

m.  wl.at  dep,.dati„ns  they  conld  on  the  EngZ 

set  lements.    Theirobject  was  to  harass,  mnrde 

scalp  b„™  and  pillage,  and  this  was  ^hat  t  ey 

™Hed  war.     They  required  b„t  little  snppllf 

TI.ey  passed  easily  through  the  woods  by  nighl 


i! 


68 


LAKE   QKOEOE   AND 


'i; 


and  by  day.  Their  hunting  life  made  them 
tamihar  with  every  mountain  pass,  and  the 
neighboring  tliicket  or  stream  furnished  the 
necessary  ])rovisions.  TJiey  privately  approaclied 
the_  settlements,  lay  i„  wait  for  their  oppor- 
amity,  killed  or  took  prisoners,  and  wore  off 
again  with  such  rapidity  that  pursuit  was  iuipos- 

No  wonder  the  exposed  inhabitants  looked 
with  dis.-ay  upon  this  fort,  as  a  terrible  and 
perpetual  menace,  and  taxed  themselves  heavily 
for  Its  reduction.  In  ]^ew  York  alone,  the 
amount  expended  in  one  year  was  seventy  thou- 
sand pounds. 

The  following  partial  account,  applicable 
solely  to  the  locality  we  are  attemping  to  de- 
8Ci-ibe,  conveys  an  idea  of  the  zeal  and  energy 
with  which  the  French  authorities  pursued  this 
atrocious  system  of  warfare. 

March  29,  1746.  A  party  set  out,  consisting 
ol  fourteen  Indians,  belonging  to  the  lake  of  the 
two  mountains  (on  the  river  St.  LaMTcnce),  who 
have  been  in  the  country,  near  Albany,  and 
returned  with  some  prisoners  and  scalps 
^  26th.  A  party  of  thirty-five  warriors  belon-.- 
mg  to  the  Soult  set  out.  They  have  been  in 
the  neighborhood  of  Orange,  have  made  some 
prisoners  and  taken  some  scalps. 


t 
( 
a 

S 


ai 


LAKE  cnAMI'I.AIW. 


69 


22 -;■»  struck  „,,,„„,•,,,,,,,,,,;,,,„,,  J'- 
no!!  n  ^  ^''''  ^^"■'^'■"e''  »"'rt"I  t"  Htvlh,  a  blow 

sot i« •.,.  !^  'T;'  ;"" ^'■'"1""'"- "■'"'•'■"I '«n 

sottlcd  at  tl.o  lake  for  two  ,„■  t),rou  year,  loft 
w,   .  ftvo  Mans  of  .,,at  viMa,. A.io,;  S 

nonde,  tho  leader,  was  killed  ,u„l  «„l,,cd  by  the 
Indians  on  tlie  field  of  battle. 

12tl,.  Ten  Indians  of  tbe  Soult  set  out  toward 
Boston  and  retnrned  with  son,e  ,„.!,«. 

^id.  Ameteen  warriors  of  the  8„nlt  St.  Ionia 
ha™  been  eqnipped.  TI,ey  have  been  ,„„de  o 
strdce  a  blow  m  the  direetion  of  Albany 

an"'::;,;;"  "^-'^  '^'"■■"«'  -"■  ""-  .■-one™ 

27th.  Eqnipped  a  party  of  cMtt  warriors  of 
Sonlt  who  strnek  a  blow  near  Albany  and 
l)ro.ight  back  six  senlps.  '^' 

an  attack  ,n  the  ne.ghborhood  of  Boston,  and 


*  Sclienectady, 


A 

i 
i 


imt'. 


60 


LAKE   (.liORGE   AND 


bronglit  away  four  scalps  and  one  i)risoner, 
wliom  they  killed  on  tlie  road,  as  ho  becin.  ' 
furioift  and  refused  to  marcli. 

A  party  of  Abenakis  struck  a  blow  near  Al- 
bany  and  Corhic,  and  returned  with  some  scalps. 

June  2.  V  juijiped  twenty-five  warriors,  who 
returned  fro,n  the  neighboi'hood  of  Albany  with 
some  scalps. 

3d.  Equipped  a  party  of  eighteen  Nepissings, 
who  struck  a  blow  at  Albany  and  Corlac. 

19th.  Equipped  a  party  of  twenty-five  In- 
dians of  the  Soult,  who  struck  f  blew  near 
Orange.  One  or  two  of  these  Indians  were 
wounded.     They  l))-ought  away  some  scalps. 

20th.  Equipped  a  party  of  nineteen  wuri-iors 
of  the  Soult,  who  went  to  Orange  to  strike  a 
blow. 

21st.  Equipped  a  party  of  t^^  enty-seven  of 
the  same  village,  to  go  to  All^any.  Si.  ur  De 
Carquiville,  an  officer,  m  of  t!..s  partj,  u'hich 
has  brought  in  a  prisoner  that  was  on  the  scout 
to  Saristeau,*  and  some  seal])? 

August  10.  Chevalier  De  Kepentigny  arrived 
at  Quebec,  and  reported  that  he  had  made  nji 
attack  near  Corlac,  and  took  eleven  prisoiiers 
and  twenty-five  scalps. 


*  Saraglitoga. 


LAKE   CIIAMPLAIN, 


61 


Meanwhile  the  provincials  are  not  idjo.  On 
the  4th  of  August  Col.  Johnson  ha!  Bont  out 
two  parties  of  the  Six  Nations  to  Cunuiht,  wlio 
made  an  attack  on  Chaniblay,  but  full  into  an 
ambuscade,  .md  were  most  of  thorn  killed  or 
captured,  but  not  till  after  they  had  inflf'  'od 
serious  damage  upon  the  Canadians.  Ho  aino 
sent  a  party  of  twelve  men  on  a  scout  to  (  Vown 
Point. 

On  the  19th  he  writes  to  Gov.  Clinton  that 
one  of  his  parties,  on  llieir  return  from  the  lat- 
ter place,  hr  ^  reported  that  they  lay  two  days 
m  sight  of  ^  eneuiy  on  Lake  St.  Sacrament, 
who,  to  the  number  of  between  five  hundred 
and  six  hundred  ■  on,  were  encamped  upon  an 
island.* 

This  was  doubtless  ;  rt  of  the  force  undor 
the  command  of  Sieur  de  liegaud  do  Vaudrcuil. 
a  part  of  whose  command,  under  La  Cornu,  hod 
been  engaged  in  the  affair  at  Saraghtoga.  His 
head  quarters  were  at  South  Bay.  Hig  ordcri 
were  to  protect  Fort  St.  Frederick,  which  he 
could  only  do  by  having  a  part  of  his  forr-e  at 
the  latter  place,  and  part  on  Lake  St.  Sauro- 
meiit.f 


♦Long  Island. 

fDoc.  X,  11^,  132,  148. 
6 


62 


LAKE   GEfi'  ,;E    AND 


Aug.  2S.  Joluison  writes  that  lie  is  about  set- 
ting off  fur  Lake  St.  Sacraiiiont,  with  four  liun- 
(Ired  Christians  vohintecrs,  and  as  many  more 
Indians,  and  expected  to  be  absent  for  twelve 
days.  ^  It  is  possible  they  took  the  short  route 
via  Fish  House  and  Luzerne  to  the  lake. 

It  is  of  this  party  that  Sieur  Villiers  si^eaks, 
on  his  return  from  Saraghtoga  in  the  month  of 
November.  lie  says  that  he  sent  out  a  scout  to 
the  portage  of  the  lake,  and  there  discovered 
a  large  abandoned  camping  ground.  Judging 
by  the  size  of  the  cabins  and  fires,  thinks  there 
might  have  been  six  hundred  men,  who  were  on 
their  return  toward  Corlac.  The  force  might 
have  been  there  a  month  ao-o. 

On  the  9th  of  December  Governor  Clinton 
reported  that  he  had  been  able  to  raise  twenty 
companies   in   all  for  the    coming    expedition 
against  Crown  Point  in  the  next  year.    They  con- 
sisted of  about  1,000  men,  under  the  command 
of  Lieut.-Col.  Roberts ;  Mr.  Gooch,  Lieut.-Gov- 
ernor  of  Yirginia,  having  declined  the  command. 
In  the  fall  of  1747  Fort  Clinton  at  Saragh- 
toga  was  burned,   and  the  guns    and    stores 
removed,   by  orders    of   Gov.    Clinton.      The 
avowed  reason  was,  that  the  Assembly  did  not 
furnish  enough  troops  and  supplies  to  protect  it 
from  the  attacks  of  the  French  and  Indians. 


I 


LAKE   CIIAMl'LAIX. 


, 


63 


May  1,  1748.  Ilortcl  Baubassin,  in  conmiand 
of  a  scouting  party  of  fourteen,  reported  that 
he  liad  destroyed,  in  the  neighborhood  of 
Orange  (Albany),  thirty  houses,  three  small 
forts  (stockades),  and  one  mill. 

The  preliminaries  of  a  peace  between  the 
high  contracting  powers  were  signed  at  Aix-la- 
Chapelle,  in  April  of  the  same  year.  The  pub- 
lication of  this  news  caused  a  cessation  of  hos- 
tilities throughout  the  colonies.  Again  the 
hatchet  was  buried.  The  pioneer  looked  out 
from  his  cabin  upon  the  green  crops,  and  the 
hospitable  smoke  ascended  from  the  deserted 
chimney.  But  not  for  long.  Providence  had 
decreed  that  this  whole  continent  should  bo 
under  the  dominion  of  the  Saxon,  though 
blood  ran  in  rivulets  to  attain  that  end. 


■• 


Chi.mnky  Point. 


CHAPTER  IV. 

BOUNDABIES  UNSETTLED  — HISTORICAL  QUESTION— MR.  -WASniNQTON, 
niS  INTERVIEW  WITH  ST.  PIERRE  —  TANACHIRASEN  — BATTLE  OF 
THE  GREAT  MEADOWS -THE  CONG.^ESS  OP  1754  -  COUNCIL  WITH  TKB 
FIVE  NATIONS. 

1754. 

?nE  boundaries  betv/een  Canada  and 
the  ])rovinces  were  not  arranged  by 
the  peace  of  Aix-la-Chapelle.  The 
T  possession  of  Crown  Point  having 
been  passed  without  dispute,  by  the  English 
commissioners,  for  the  settlement  of  the  terms 
of  peace,  this  was  construed  by  the  French  into 
an  acquiescence  in  tlieir  claim  of  title  to  the 
valley  of  Lake  Champlain. 

The  jurisdiction  also  of  the  entire  territory 
west  of  the  Alleghanies  was  left  undetermined, 
and  the  question  here  occurs  of  Historical  interest 
as  to  the  right  which  either  nation  had  to  the 
country  in  dispute.  England  vested  her  claim 
on  her  Indian  treaties  with  the  Six  Nations, 
who  pretended  that  at  some  remote  period  they 
had  conquered  all  the  region  M-est  of  the  moun- 
tains, as  far  as  the  Mississippi  river,  and  on  the 
strength  of  this  assumption,  they  made  treaties 


LAKE   CHAMPLAIN. 


65 


with^  the  English,  ceding  to   them   the  Lands 
witliin  this  space,  and  confirming  tlieir  title 
according  to  such  forms  as  were  prepared  for 
them.     Unfortunately  for  the  validity  of  their 
t.tle,  these  lands  were  possessed  by  other  Indian 
tribes  dwelling  there,  and  whose  ancestors,  from 
time    immemorial,   had    also    occupied    them. 
These   declared    themselves  the  only  ri<rhtful 
owners,  and  denied  that  the  Six  Nation^  had 
any  authority  or  foundation  of  a  claim  over 
them. 

The  French  insisted  as  well  upon  the  rio-ht  of 
occupancy  as  that  of  discovery.      Settlenients 
had  been  made,  they  said,  south  of  Lake  Michi- 
gan and  on  the  Illinois  river,  years  before  any 
Englishman  had  set  his  foot  westward  of  the 
great   inountains ;    and  the  respective   treaties 
between  tijr  countries  had  repeatedly  recoo-nized 
the  title  of  Iranee  to  all  her  actual  possessions 
in  America.     So  far  the  position  was  tenable  ; 
but  the  Frencli  went  a  step  further.     They 
maintained  it  to  be  an  axiom  in  the  law  of 
nations  that  the  discovery  of  a  river  gave  the 
explorer  a  right  to  all  the  country  watered  bv 
the  streams  flowing  into  it.     Hence,  the  passing 
of  La  Salle  through  the  great  lakes  and  down 
the  Mississippi  in  a  canoe,  gave  to  France  a 

title  to  the  immense  country  bounded  by  the 
6* 


66 


LrtKE   GEORGE   AND 


AlU'i^liafiies  on  one  side,  and  the  Rocky  Moun- 
tains on  the  other.  Such  a  hypothesis  may  be 
grfivcly  advanced  or  ingeniously  defended,  but 
ith  fiilhicy  is  too  obvious  to  be  pointed  out.  Tlie 
truth  JH,  neither  of  the  contending  parties  iiad 
any  just  chaims  to  these  lands.  They  were 
both  intruders,  and  it  was  not  strange  that 
th©  tmtive  occupants  should  look  with  astonish- 
inout  at  the  singular  spectacle  of  two  nations  in 
dirttiint  parts  of  the  world,  unknown  to  them 
except  m  traders  for  skins,  entering  into  a 
quarrel  about  the  right  of  seizing  upon  their 
property,* 

The  claims  of  the  Aborigines  did  not  affect 
the  movements  of  either  party ;  each  hurried  to 
\mmm»  itself,  in  advance,  of  as  much  teri-itory 
m  iiomhh.  The  French  proceeded  to  build 
forts  and  establish  settlements  at  Oswegatehie,t 
Toronto,  La  Boeuf  on  French  creek  in  Pennsyl- 
vania, and  Duquesne.:}:  At  the  latter  place 
they  drove  out  the  English  traders  avIio  had 
already  settled  there,  and  proceeded  to  finish 
the  fort  which  had  been  commenced  by  the 
Ohiu  company. 


t  Now  I'lttBburgh. 


LAKE   CIIAMPLAIN. 


67 


but 


Gov.  Dinwiddle,  through  Mr.  George  AVash- 
ington,  complained  of  these  encroachments,  but 
to  no  purpose.  AVashington  set  out  from  Wil- 
liamsburgh,  tlie  capital  of  Virginia,  on  the  last 
day  of  October,  1753.  The  distance  was  about 
five  hundred  and  sixty  miles,  in  great  part  over 
rugged  mountains,  and  over  half  the  way  through 
the  heart  of  a  wilderness,  where  there  were  no 
traces  of  civilization.  He  was  accompanied  by 
eight  persons,  among  whom  was  Tenaeharison, 
a  sachem  of  the  Delawares,  known  as  the  Half 
King.  The  party  was  forty-one  days  upon  their 
journey.  The  commandant  of  the  fort  was  M. 
de  St.  Pierre,  a  Knight  of  the  Military  Order 
of  St.  Louis,  and  a  polite  and  courteous  officer.* 

The  Governor's  letter  asserted  that  the  lands 
on  the  Ohio  belonged  to  the  British  Crown ; 
expressed  surprise  at  the  Frejich  encroachments; 
demanded  by  whose  authority  an  armed  force 
had  crossed  the  lakes,  and  urged  a  speedy 
departure. 

St.  Pierre  replied,  in  the  style  of  a  soldier,  that 
it  did  not  belong  to  him  to  discuss  treaties,  refer- 
red Washington  to  the  Marquis  Duquesne,  Gov- 
ernor of  Canada,  by  whose  orders  he  was  acting, 


*  St.  Pierre  served  under  Deskau,  and  was  killed  at  the 
battle  of  Lake  George. 


fiS 


LAKE   GEOEGE   AND 


and  tliat  the  summons  to  retire  could  not  be 
complied  with.* 

After  a  stay  of  tM^o  days,  Washington  started 
on  Ins  return,  provided  by  St.  Pierre  with  a 
canoe,  which  was  plentifully  stocked  with  pro- 
visions, liquors,  and  every  other  supply  the  fort 

could    oflurd.      AVith    this     l.o     y  •>    "  yo'^ 
"^  '•^^     ''^'''     nc    proceeded    to 
V^enango,  one   hundred  and   thirty  miles,  and 
performed  the  rest  of  the  jouruoy  home  by  land 
On   the   27tli   of  May,    1754,   at  the   Greai 
Meadows,  in  the  valley  of  the  Kanawha,  Col 
^Vashlngton,  aided  by  the  Mingo  chiefs,  made 


*  Tho  followinjr  is  an  extract  of  the  speech  made  l,v  Tan 
achar,son  to  the  French  commander:  "Fathers  hlthZ 
and  the  English  are  whitP     w .  r      •  '  •    " 

Ti.n.  e      ^f'Y     ^^^"™-     "i^  I'^'c  m  a  coimtry  between 
bn        "  a  the  land  belongs  to  neither  the  one  no   the  other 
but  the  Great  Beinn.  above  allowed  it  to  be  a  place  of  res  ' 
denceforus.     So.  fathers,  I  desire  you  to  .vifhdra:   a    I 
have  done  our  brothers  the  English,  for  I  mean  to  keep  you 
bo  h  at  arm's  length     I  lay  this  down  as  a  trial  for  both, 
an    M  luchever  has  the  greater  regard  for  it,  to  that  side  we 
will  stand  and  make  equal  sharers  with  us."     These  are  tl.n 
Bontiments  of  a  patriot  and  a  hero.    But  this  high-minded 
savage  was  not  aware  that,  so  far  as  his  race  was  concerned 
there  was  no  difference  between  his  professed  fri,.nds  and 
open  enem.es.     He  had  never  studied  in  the  school  of  poti. 
tics,  winch  finds  in  the  laws  of  nations  an  excuse  for  rapac- 
ity and  mjustice,  „or  learned  that  it  was  the  preroo-nJivo 
of  cvihzation  to  prey  upon  the  ignorant  and  the  defenseless 
opar/cs. 


I 


\J& 


LAKE  CIIAMPLAIN. 


60 


an  attack  upon  a  French  force  under  the  com- 
mand of  De  Jounionville.  Perceiving  the  French 
approach,  "Fire,"  said  Washington,  and  witii 
his  own  musket  gave  the  example.     Tliat  word 
of  command  kindled  the  world  into  a  flame.     It 
was  the  signal  for  the  first  great  war  of  revolu- 
tion.    There  in  the  western  forest  began  the 
battle  which  was  to  banish  from  the  soil  and 
neighborhood  of  our  republic  the  institutions  of 
the  middle  age,  and  to  inflict  on  them  fatal 
wounds  throughout  the   continent  of  Europe. 
In  repelling  France  from  the  basin  of  the  Ohio, 
Washington  broke  the  repose  of  mankind,  and 
waked  a  struggle  which  could  admit  onlj  of  a 
truce  till  the  ancient  bulwarks  of  Catholic'lcgiti- 
macy  were  thrown  down.* 

On  the  19th  of  June,  there  assembled,  at  the 
court-house  in  Albany,  the  memorable  congress 
of  commissioners  from  every  colony  nortli  of  the 
Potomac.  The  most  illustrious  names  of  that 
day  are  found  among  its  annals,  DeLancey,the 
Lieutenant-Governor  of  New  York ;  Hutchin- 
son, the  historian,  of  Massachusetts ;  the  patriot 
Hopkins,  of  Ilhode  Island  ;  Tasker  of  Mary- 
land ;  the  liberal  Smith  of  New  Yoric ;  William 
Johnson  lately  appointed  one  of  the  government 


*  Bancroft. 


70 


LAKE    GEORGE    AND 


councilors,  and  Benjamin  Franklin,  of  Penn- 
sylvania, Avho  had  already  "projected"  apian 
of  a  Constitution  for  a  perpetual  confederacy  of 
the  continent,  and  had  brouf^ht  the  heads  of  it 
with  him.  They  met  to  concert  measures  of 
defense  against  the  incursions  of  the  French  on 
the  north,  and  to  treat  with  the  Six  Nations 
and  the  tribes  in  their  alliance. 

For  nearly  a  quarter  of  a  century  Fort  St. 
Frederick,  built  far  within  the  EngHsli"territorie8, 
on  ground  ceded  by  the  Six  Nations  to  the 
Crown,  was  a  standing  nuisance  to  the  colonies, 
repressing  all  settlements  in  that  direction,  and 
threatening  devastation  and  ruin  to  every  in- 
habitant north  of  Albany. 

The  reasons  for  the  appointment  of  the  con- 
vention at  the  above  city,  are  set  forth  in  a 
communication  from  Gov.DeLanceytothe  Board 
of  Trade,  of  the  24th  of  December,  1753.  "  Here 
was  the  usual  place  of  holding  general  con- 
ferences with  the  Indians.  Here  they  had  had 
a  fire  burning  since  the  earliest  settlement  of 
this  country.  It  was  situated  in  the  highest 
part  of  the  Hudson  river,  navigable  for  vessels  of 
any  considerable  burden,  and  through  which 
all  intercourse  between  Schenectady,  a  town 
sixteen  miles  westward,  and  the  western  settle- 
ments, is  carried  on  with  New  York.     Again, 


LAKE   CIIAMPLAIN. 


n 


the^  Indians,  by  coming  down  to  Albany  upon 
their  public  business,  contract  habitudes  and 
acquire  friendships  with  some  of  the  inhabit- 
ants, and  a  kind  of  rights  of  hospitality ;  and, 
if  treated  with  any  sort  of  civility,  will  always 
be  ready  and  willing  to  protect  and  defend  tiie 
place." 

During  the  discussion  of  the  federative  com- 
pact, the  representatives  of  the  red  men  assem- 
bled to  the  number  of  one  iiundred  and  iifty. 
The  Six  Nations  comprised  the  Mohawks,  Ojiei- 
das,  Onondagas,  Senecas,  Tuscaroras  and  Cayu- 
gas.     They  occupied  the  lands  lying  between 
the  Rock  Regiochne  and  the  Potom^ac  river,  and 
claimed  those  extending  westward  for  an  indefi- 
nite distance,  but  so  as  to  include  the  Ohio  val- 
ley.    Persons  wishing  lands  usual! v  purchased 
them  from  the  Indians,  and  then  ^  took  out  a 
patent  for  them  from  the  Crown.      The  main 
bodies  of  the  tribes  resided  along  the  valley  of 
the  Mohawk,  and  extended  west  to  Lake  Erie. 
By  their  friendships  and  good  will  the  western 
side  of  the  settlements  of  Pennsylvania,  New 
York,  Maryland  and  Virginia,  were  protected 
from  the  incursions  of  the  French  or  hostile 
Indians.     While,  therefore,  at  all  times,  it  was 
necessary  to  propitiate  their  good  will,  it  was 
particularly  desirable  to  now  cultivate  with  them 


72 


LAKE   GEOEGE   AND 


a  p;ood  uiulersttmding,  by  reaBon  of  the  coiitem- 
pluted  niul  simultaneous  attacks  to  be  made  upon 
the  French  forts  at  Duquesne,  Nia^i^ara  and 
Crown  Point.  Nothing  can  exceed  the  decorum 
withwhicli  the  Indian  public  councils  were  con- 
ducted. Their  assemblies  were  composed  of 
men,  women  and  children.  Tlie  business  Avas 
arranged  by  two  or  three  sachems,  selected  for 
their  abilities.  They  usually  formed  in  a  semi- 
circle, the  old  men  and  the  sachems  in  the  front 
rank,  the  warriors  in  the  next  rank,  and  the 
women  and  children  last.  It  was  the  business 
of  the  women  to  take  exact  notice  of  what 
passed,  imprint  it  in  their  memories  —  for  they 
had  no  writing  —  and  comnumicate  it  to  their 
children.  They  were  the  records  of  the  council, 
and  they  preserved  the  traditions  of  the  stipula- 
tions in  thci'r  treaties  for  a  hundred  yeai-s  back, 
wliicli  were  always  found  to  be  exact.  "Ail 
being  seated  and  in  order,  he  that  would  speak 
rises,  the  rest  observing  a  profound  silence. 
When  he  has  expressed  a  point,  one  or  more 
strings  of  wampum  are  given  in  order  to  enforce 
the  memory.  When  he  expresses  another  point, 
another  string,  or  perhai^s  a  belt  is  given,  de- 
pending upon  its  importance,  and  so  on  until 
the  discourse  is  finished.  A  day  or  more  is  then 
taken  for  the  consideration  of  the  address,  when 


' 


I.AKK   (^IIAMI'f.AIN, 


T8 


tlie  mm-cr  is  prepaml  an.l  ,lol;v,.„3,l  i„  tI,o  s,mo 

been  , ..anted  to  a  doputatio,,  „f  tI,o  ,St„,,|<l„.id;e 
or  K,vc,.I,K,a„s,  who  l,ad  not  hoc,  invited,  a,tl 
:      ,  1°",'J  ;;•?  "'  «'■»'  !"-•«■•".  -Lethe,  an 


aiKlieneo  slionld  bo  -ranted  or  not. 


'p 


l>l;"..t»rdatodtotl,„.adeffi.et»a™(nl';;,t: 
Bale  of  ,.„n,  n  their  respeetive  no.udrie.,  a  , 
tl  e  8^.«tema  ,e  ovon-eaehin^  of  the  whites  i„ 
rehd.ou  to  the  sale,  of  tlu.ir  land-.  The  Gov" 
onu.,.  ,„  veply,  p,.„„,i«ed  to  ,„,  the  h.w,  in  rela- 
tion to  th„  „.,„„„  i„    „,,,,,  „„„„.,^  ■'•"' 

«an,n,e  ,nto  the  alle.o.1  tVand,  in  Lnn\  to 
-1.0  sales  of  theh.  lands.     The  next  a^dien  « 

ho  Mohawks,  who  stated,  thronKh  <  !aMada..ar. 
on-  spealce,  that  thoy  ean.e  h/ciod's  wilu  ;' 
Ills  Honor  8  order ;    that  this  was  their  old 

n>eet,ng  place,  whore  they  expeeted  a  roXL 
tor  ,,„ev„nees,  that  so  the,  ,„i«ht  part  good 

The,,,  then  went  on  to  speeii;,-  that  a  lar^o 
traet  of  h=nd  ealled  the  Kayaderossoras,   M 

been  a.en„p,eo™™encin«attheIt„,f,o:! 
and  so  „p  along  the  Hndson  river  to  the  Third 
Fall,  thenee  to  tl.e  Caeknow„g«  „.   Canada 

*  Franklin. 


74 


LAKE   GEOROK    \ND 


creek,  which,  upon  inquiry  among  their  old 
men,  they  could  not  find  was  ever  sold.*  Tlie 
Governor  replied  it  was  agreeable  to  justice  to 
hear  both  parties  before  a  judgment  was  given, 
and  he  would  send  for  the  patentees  or  persons 
claiming  the  land,  and  hear  what  they  had  to 
say,  when  justice  should  be  done.  On  the  22d 
of  July  the  Governor  wrote  to  the  Board  of 
Trade  that  he  had  sent  for  some  of  the  owners 
of  the  Kayaderosseras  patent,  who  produced  an 
Indian  deed  and  a  patent  graiitcd  in  November, 
1708,  but  the  boi-«us  seemed  to  be  larger  than 
the  Indian  deed 

All  this  was  preparatory  to  the  great  council 
of  the  sachems  of  the  Six  Nations,  who  were 
received  the  next  day.  After  some  prelimina- 
ries, the  Lieut.-Governor  stated  that  the  Frencli, 
while  professing  to  be  in  perfect  friendship, 
were  making  continual  encroachments  in  the 
most  insulting  manner,  both  to  the  north  and 
west.  "  Your  Withers,"  he  said,  "  by  their  valor, 
above  one  hundred  years  ago,  made  a  conquest 
of  the  country,  which  they  afterward,  of  their 
own  accord,  put  under  the  protection  of  the 


*0n  Montrose's  map,  date  1775,  the  creek  is  spelled 
"  Canidadrosseras  "  and  "  Coniaderosseras,"  also  spelled 
"  Cayaderossera."    Vol.  xxxii,  Laud  Papers. 


tr  ' 


t 


I 


1-AKK   CIIAMI'LAIN. 


King    of   Great    Britain.      The    Fr.„(,l 


76 


enOeavor.njr  to  possess  tl,omsolvo«  of  i|,i,  „|,„|,. 
cou,..,.^,   aItl,o„.|,  thc^  have  „„ul„  „,'  to.; 

tru'r  r?f  °'  ™i"'  ""=   ^""«'''''''  "'  'I'"  '»"- 

,o>t,.„    *.','°'\''  """""■'  '"   "•  """  'l'™e 
"ic,,s„,-os  of  tI,o  Frendi  ,„„st  nocowarily  ,„on 

«'t    tlie  EngUsli  anj  tl,e  B..,oml  I,„li„„  „„„•„,„ 
on     ,e  „„,,t,,.e„t.     We  want  ,o  know  wl,e. 
.cse  tlungs  appear  to  yo„  i„  tl...  mm.  \Mi  „, 

fo.ts  and  taking  possession  of  yonr  eo„nl,-y  l,e 
done    „,„,    j,„„,.    ^^,,^^_^^    ^^_^     ap,,.,|,„fi„„ 

L.etWn,  open  your  hearts  to  ns;,i.il  with  n, 
as  brethren;  we  are  ready  to  consult  will  ;", 
bow  to  scatter  these  clou.ls  tln.t  hang  over  „ 

Tins  ,s  a  matter  of  so  groat  weight  that  we 
hould  take  away  part  of  that  attention  which 

But  it  seems  that  tlie  Siy  Nations  had  aome 
other  grievances  to  be  settled  before  th.y  „„  M 
enter  npon  the  main  business  which  tbe^ver 
nor  and  commissioners  had  so  mucit  «t    ear 
__tast  s„mn,er,    says  Hendrick,  thoir  .peX,' 
we  of  Cauajoharie  [the  apper  castle  of  ,he 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


1.0 


I.I 


•-  IIIIIM 
•^  IIIIIM 

Hi 

^  m 


1^ 


M 

IIIM 

1.8 


1.25      1.4 

1.6 

= 

M 6"     - 

► 

<^ 


0^ 


Photographic 

Sciences 
Corporation 


23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14580 

(716)  872-4503 


76 


LAKE   GEORGE   AND 


Mohawks]  went  down  to  New  York  to  make 
our  complaints,  and  we  then  thought  the  cove- 
nant   chain    was    broken,    because    we    were 
neglected ;  and  when  you  neglect  business,  the 
French  take  advantage  of  it,  for  they  are  never 
quiet.     It  seemed  to  us  that  the  Governor  had 
turned  his  back  upon  the  Five  Nations,  as  if 
they  were  no  more;  whereas  the  French  are 
doinf;  all  in  their  power  to  draw  us  over  to 
them.     AVe  blamed  the  Governor  last  summer 
for  this  neglect,  while  the  French  were  drawing 
the  Five  Nations  away  to  Oswagatchie,  which 
might  have  been  prevented  if  proper  use  had 
been  made  of  that  warning,  but  now  we   are 
afraid  it  is  too  late.     lu  former  times  Col. 
Schuyler  used  frequently  to  come  among  us, 
and  by   this  means    we  were  kept  together. 
Brother,  we,  the  Mohawks,  are  in  difficult  cir- 
cumstances, and  are  blamed  for  things  we  don't 
deserve.    There  are  some  of  our  people  who  have 
larae  ears,  and  talk  a  little  broken  English  and 
Dutch,  so  tliat  they  sometimes  hear  what  is  said 
by  the  Christian  settlers  near  them,  and  by  this 
means   we   came   to   understand   that   we    are 
looked  upon  to  be  a  proud  nation,  and  therefore 
stayed  behind." 

The  Governor  made  a  fitting  reply,  caution- 
in<y  them  not  to  hearken  to  common  reports, 


to  make 
he  cove- 
ve  were 
iicss,  the 
,re  never 
rnor  had 
)n8,  as  if 
encb  are 
i  over  to 

sununer 
!  drawing 
ie,  whicli 
•  use  had 
V  we  are 
mes  Col. 
mong   us, 

together, 
tiicult  cir- 
i  we  don't 

who  have 
lo-hsh  and 
hat  is  said 
nd  by  this 
t  we  are 
I  therefore 


f,  caiition- 
m  reports, 


HENDKICK. 


I^AKE    CIIAMPLAIN.  /Jr/^ 

Un  rucsday,  Ji,  v  2d  in  tl,„  " 

several  Govcn  or,  .il  i  '"■"'"""'^  "^  "'« 

the  Six  Nat," ::; '  rta  H "' ""  ""^™-  pf 

of  the  Governor     aTi  "">  S"""'"!  ^Peech 

"Bre  r„  vo      ,T'  "'''''•  ■■'■•°'^' -><!  said 

The  Governor  r:,^;,,r™<"^-  \'-^'  -  ?" 
Hondriek    roso    „  >      'd        T  '''"^'^'-     ^''™ 

•  "'^■■»therC„rIearldttr.'^::t"7" 
yo«  told  „s  tl.at  you  e,me  I  »:  ,  l'^  '•'^' 
the  "reat  Tflnr.  „  "'*  ''^  "''Jere  of 

Bieat  Iting,  our  common  fathe-  a,,,!  i„  i  • 

who  have  d;„,l  .•  "^^  """  relatives 

[Gave  he™  :«:r!;"  '"^'  '^^'i-'S  J-e." 

by  H,s  Honor]  ""onr  grateful  acknowledging 

Sain'  "  We^i^lai'-'tT^n^    *"^    -™'- 
"e  «.ll  take  .t  to  Onondaga,  where 


78 


LAKK   GEORGE   AND 


our  ooiiii''il  firo  always  burns,  and  keep  it  so 
Bot'urt'ly    lluit   neither  thunder    nor    liglitning 
Bhall  hi'(!uk  it.     There  we  will  consult  over  it, 
and  urt  wo  have  lately  added  two  links  to  it 
[rolurrinf^  to  two  more  nations  who  had  joined 
theii'  loiiguo],  so  we  will  use  our  endeavors  to 
add   M  many  more  links  to  it  as  lies  in  our 
powoi'.     AVo  now  solenmly  renew  and  brighten 
tlio  covtMiiint  chain  with  our  brethren  here  pres- 
ent, and  with  all  our  other  absent  brethren  on 
tho  (ioiitinent.     Bretln-en,  as  to  the  account  you 
havu  heard  of  our  being  dispersed  from  each 
other,  'tis  very  true.     You  have  asked  us  the 
rortrtun.     The  reason  is,  your  neglecting  us  for 
these  three  years  past."     [Then  taking  a  stick 
and  throwing  it  behind  him.]     "  You  have  thus 
thrown  us  behind  your  back  and  disregarded 
us;  whcresis  the  French  are  a  subtle  and  vigi- 
lant people,  over  using  their  endeavors  to  induce 
and  bring  our  people  over  to  them."     [Gave  a 
bolt.  J     "As  to  the  encroachments  of  the  French, 
wo  have  made  a  strict  inquiry  among  all  our 
people,  and  we  cannot  find  that  either  any  sale 
has  been  made  or  leave  been  given ;  but  the 
French  have  gone  thither  and  built  their  forts 
and  oecupied  the  land  without  our  consent  or 
approbation.     Brethren,  the  Governor  of  Yir- 
gliiia  and  the  Governor  of  Canada  are  both 


LAKE   CIFAMPLAIN. 


79 


quarreling  about  lands  whicii  belong  to  us,  and 
such  a  quarrel  as  this  may  end  in  our  destruc- 
tion.    Brethren,  it  is  true,  as  you  told  us,  that 
the  cloud  hangs  Jieavy  over  us,  and  'tis  not  very 
pleasant  to  look  up  ;  but  we  give  you  this  belt 
to  clear   juvay  all   clouds,   that   we   may   live 
m  bright  sunshine  and  keep  together  in  strict 
union      and     friendship."       [Gave     a     belt.] 
"Brethren,  this  is  the  ancient  place  of  treaty, 
Avhere  the   fire  of  friendship  always   used  to 
burn,  and  'tis  now  three  years  since  we  have 
been  called  to  any  public  treaty  here.     'Tis  true 
there  are   commissioners  here,  but  they  have 
never  invited  us  to  smoke  with  them,  but  the 
Indians  of  Canada  come  frequently  and  smoke 
here,  which  is  for  the  sake  of  their  beaver;  but 
we  hate  them  [meaning  the  French  Indians]  • 
we  have  not  as  yet  confirmed  the  peace  with 
them.     'Tis  your  fault,  brethren,  that  we  arc  not 
strengthened  by  conquest,  for  we  would  have 
gone  and  taken  CroAvn  Point,  but  you  hindered 
us.    We  had  concluded  to  go  and  take  it,  but 
we  were  told  it  was  too  late,  and  that  the  ice 
would  not  bear  us.     Instead  of  this,  you  burned 
your  own  fort  at  Saraghtoga,  and  ran  away  from 
<^|   It,  which  was  a  shame  and  a  scandal  to  you. 
Look  about  your  country  and  see.     You  have 
no  fortifications  about  you ;  no,  not  even  in  this 


80 


LAKE   GEORGE   AND 


city.  'Tis  but  one  step  from  Canada  hither, 
and  the  French  may  easily  coine  and  turn  you 
out  of  your  doors.  Brethren,  you  were  desir- 
ous that  we  should  open  our  minds  and  our 
hearts  to  you.  Look  at  the  Frencli.  They  are 
men  ;  they  are  fortifying  everywhere  ;  but,  we 
are  ashamed  to  say  it,  you  are  like  women,  bare 
and  open,  without  any  fortifications." 

Here  Ilendrick  ended  his  speech,  when  tho 
sachem  Abraham  arose  and  stated  that  when 
Col.  Johnson  had  laid  down  the  manacrement  of 
Indian  aifairs  it  had  caused  them  a  great  uneasi- 
ness. They  desired  that  he  be  re-instated,  for 
they  all  liv^ed  happy  under  liis  management. 
"  We  love  him  and  he  us,  and  he  has  always 
been  our  good  and  trusty  friend.  Brethren,  I  for- 
got something.  We  think  our  request  about  Col. 
Johnson,  which  Gov.  Clinton  promised  to  carry 
to  the  King,  our  father,  is  drowned  in  the  sea." 

To  this  the  Governor  the  next  day  replied  to 
the  effect  that  it  gave  the  commissioners  great 
pleasure  to  see  them  so  ready  to  renew  and 
brighten  the  ancient  chain  of  friendship.  They 
were  sorry  any  neglect  had  been  shown  them, 
and  hoped  nothing  of  the  kind  would  happen 
hereafter.  They  were  glad  they  gave  no  coun- 
tenance to  the  French,  and  were  surprised  to 
hear  that  the  Governor  of  Virginia  and  Canada 


LAKE    CIIAMl'LAIN. 


81 


were  fio-I,ti,ig  about  lands  belon^^•ng  to  tlicin. 
Hero  Mr.  Wiesar,  agent  ibr  Virginia  and  Penn- 
sylvania, made  satisfactory  explanations  to  the 
effect  tliat  the  road  they  had  complained  of 
had  been  traveled  by  the  traders  to  Ohio  for 
tlnrty  years,  when  the  Governor  said  : 

"Brethren,  you  told  us  we  were  open  and 
defenseless.  AV^e  are  consulting  how  far  it  ^^  ill 
be  necessary  to  fortify  our  frontier,  at  the  same 
time  we  expect  you  to  take  care  to  keep  your 
people  from  going  over  to  the  French." 

The  rejoinder  of  the  Six  Nations  was  spoken 
by  llendrick,  on  the  fifth  of  July.  After 
expressing  his  pleasure  at  the  mutual  and  satis- 
factory arrangements  of  their  respective  differ- 
ences, he  said : 

"Brethren,  we  put  you  in   mind  from  our 
former  speech,  of  the  defenseless  state  of  your 
froutiers,  particularly  of  this  city,  of  Schenec- 
tady, and  of  the  country  of  the  Five  Nations 
Ion   told   us    yesterday   you   were   consultmcr 
about  securing  both.     We  beg  you  will  resolve 
upon  something  speedily.      You  are  not  safe 
from  danger  one  day.     The  French  have  their 
hatchet  in  their  hands  both  at  Ohio  and  in  two 
places  in  New  England.     We  don't  know  but 
this  very  night  they  may  attack  us.     Since  Col 
Johnson  has  been  in  this  city  there  has  been  a 


82 


LAKE  GEORGE   AND 


Freiicli  Indian  at  his  house,  who  took  measure 
of  tho  wall  around  it,  and  made  very  narrow 
observations  on  every  tiling  thereabouts.  We 
tliink  Col.  Johnson  in  very  great  danger,  because 
the  French  will  take  more  than  ordinary  pains 
to  kill  him  or  to  take  him  jn-isoner,  both  on 
account  of  his  great  interest  among  us  and 
because  he  is  one  of  our  sachems."  [Upon  this 
they  gave  four  strings  of  wampum.] 

"Brethren,  there  is  an  affair  about  which  our 
hearts  tremble  and  our  minds  are  deeply  con- 
cerned.    We  refer  to  the  selling  of  rum  in  our 
castles.     It  destroys  many,  both  of  our  old  and 
young  people.     We  are  in  great  fears  about  this 
rum.    It  may  cause  murder  on  both  sides.    We, 
the  Mohawks  of  both  castles,  request  that  the 
people  who  are  settled  round  about  ns  may  not 
be  suffered  to  sell  our  people  rum.     It  keeps 
them  all  poor,  and  makes  them  idle  and  wicked. 
If  they  have  any  money  or  goods  they  lay  all 
out  in  rum.     It  destroys  virtue  and  the  progress 
of  religion  among  us.     We  now  have  a  friendly 
request  to  make  to  the  Governors  here  present, 
that  they  will  help  us  build  a  church  at  Canajo- 
harie,  and  that  we  may  have  a  bell  in  it,  which, 
together  with  the  putting  a  stop  to  the  sale  of 
rum,  will  tend  to  make  us  religious  and  to  lead 
to  better  lives  than  we  do  now." 


I-AKE   CIIAMPLALV.  §3 

8.I',T  ?"r'r  '"■"""''"'^  «"t,Vthcti„n,  a,„I  then 
ouiercO  ,1.,,,^  ,,„„„„,  ,„  ;  ■• 

o  Sc.l,enoc,a,I,,  „|,„  ,„,„„  ,,,,., ™„s  V„re 
Joun,e.v  «„l,  which  ,ho  conference,  eo  far  as 
rcgnrJcl  the  Indians,  broke  np 

After  8,nr,c  weeks  of  deliheration  the  "Plan 
oflJn,on"w.asco,n,,l„ted.     It  was  not  sati,fa  " 

pooplo.     It  was  reserved  for  another  day  and 
iUn  ,n  I  h.ladelph.a,  on  the  fonrth  day  of  Jnh- 
er  t  o7' "  T'T  ^  "T  "^'•""'^'  "'■Co"<od- 


RlVBK  BaTTEAO. 


».   V 


I-       I 


'  \ 


CHAPTER  V. 

COI  WM  JOUNHONArPO.NTED  TO  THE  COMMAND  or  TUB  TnooP8-Tn« 
ORKAT  corse. L  W.T..T,.K.N...AN9-KAa..HWi:u.iriONA,  AUA9  BED 
HBAU— CONOCllVlIIEflE— LYDIUB, 

*  1755. 

^X  tlie  lOtli  of  April,  1755,  a  commia- 
siou  wiis  issued  to  Col.  Win.  JoliuHon. 
appointing:;  him  a  nnijor-goneral      It 
roeited  that  the  governments  of  Mas- 
B'Ssetts  r>ay,  New  Hampshire,  Connecticut, 
Rhode  Island  and  New  York,  had  raised    re- 
spectively, a  body  of  men,  amounting  in  all  to 
about  four  thousand,  to  be  employed      in  an 
attempt  to  erect  a  strong  fortress  upon  an  emi- 
nence  near  the  French  fort  at  Crown  Point,  and 
for  removing  the  encroachments  of  the  I  rench 
upon  His  Majesty's  lands  in  that  quarter.       ^ 

The  quota  to  be  raised  by  the  respective 
colonies  was  as  follows:  New  Hampshire  six 
hundred;  Connecticut,  one  thousand;  I.hode 
Island,  four  hundred ;  New  York,  eig^it  hun- 
dred :  Massachusetts,  twelve  hundred.  ihe 
expenses  for  the  expedition  were  £20,000,  wli.ch 
appear  to  have  been  furnished  by  the  British 


I 


TTIOOPS  —  Tnii 
lA,  AUA9   BED 


a  cominis- 
.  Johufson. 
>ncnil  It 
ts  of  INriis- 
3niieeticut, 
raisetl,  re- 
(v  in  all  to 
ed  "  in  an 
)on  an  enii- 

Point,  and 
the  French 
irtcr." 
I  respective 
apshire,  six 
nd;  Rhode 

eight  hun- 
dred. The 
[),000,  which 

the  British 


Povernniont  on  the  credit  of  Gov   lU-uh]     1    / 
proportion.  "^""^'^  '"  "^^''^  the  nhovo 

/^'J'o  appolntMicnt  of  Jolmson  to  fJ.« 
"f  the  e.vpeditioM  u-.-  In  "^  ^onunand 

1         ^'"'  'T  ['10  same   vcar      Ti.;.  • 

"■as  presided  over  by  gJ  vi  t>  "''''^"'- 

^''''---<l--iM-clHV.  T/in^ 
^^';';tl.  An.eri.a.  ^^'•'''^^•>^  ^  ^'^^•^'^"•^  "» 

Tilt'    conncil  exDrcssorl  fl.  • 

"P"n  His  M.,f,stv'.   1      .  ^    ^''^   French 

H'O  o.x,,o,Ii(i.,„  to  Crow,,  ^  Z  "  """""'  "'' 

fonr  „,o,-e  of  each  kind  •  ,13 ,'    """  ""I""'*" 
8  governor,  repoits  that  he 


1  ti 


.. 


'  i  f 


i 


11 


!    i 


86 


LAKE   GEORGE   AND 


would  have  tlie  carriages  for  the  ten  heavy  guns 
,nade  in  New  York,  while  Johnson  should  have 
the  carriages  for  the  brass  field-pieces  made  at 
Albany.     "  Capt.  Eyre,  being  on  the  spot,  will 
Cive  tlie  proper  directions  to  the  workmen.     H 
you   have   not   sponges,  saddles,  etc.,  mention 
what  is  wanted,  and  we  will  endeavor  to  have 
them  sent  with  the  other  things.     If  there  be 
not  enough  ball,  send  down  one  of  the  shot 
tbat  is  a  pattern.     The  ten  large  bateaux  for 
the  cannon  must  be  made  at  Albany.      ihe 
carriages  we  saw   at    Alexandria   had    apart- 
ments in  them  for  powder  and  shot,  which  1 
think  very  necessary,  as  the  guns  may  be  used 
on  the  march.      Tliose  made  at  Albany  were 
done  by  Garret  Lansing,  and  Mr.  Dies  desires 
me  to  caution   you  against  making  them  too 

heavy."  ,         , 

The  artillery  train  appears  to  have  been  a 
source  of  equally  anxious  care  on  the  part  ot 
the  provincial  authorities.     On  the  5th  of  July 
the  assemblv  ordered  the  sum  of  nine  hundred 
and  forty-four  pounds  to  be  paid  toward  the 
train,  in  addition  to  two  thousand  pounds  pre- 
viously advanced  for  the  same.     One  thousand 
pounds  was  also  advanced  on  the  security  ot 
part  of  the  provisions  allowed  by  the  colony  of 
r  onnsyl vania.    Gov.  Shirley  also  furnished  fifty- 


LAKE   CIIAMPLAIN. 


87 


1  heavy  guns 
should  have 
cces  made  at 
he  spot,  will 
ork-iien.     If 
}tc.,  mention 
avor  to  have 
If  there  he 
of   the  shot 
e  hateanx  for 
Ibany.      The 
\  had    apart- 
shot,  which  1 
,  may  be  used 
Albany  were 
•.  Dies  desires 
;ing  them  too 

>  have  been  a 
n  the  part  of 
le  5th  of  July 

nine  hundred 
lid  toward  the 
ul  pounds  pre- 

One  thousand 
he  security  of 
f  the  colony  of 
)  furnished  fifty- 


one  hm„1red  a„d  flfty-two  pounds  for  the  same 

emco,„,.,eh  completed  the  whole  estimate  fo 
the  ti-aiii  of  artillery.* 

The  ammunition  for  the  same  not  being  suf. 

P  aeed  at  the  disposal  of  the  commander      \n 
..! Cvance  was  proposed  to  be  made  to  yen 
Johnson  of  but  £<>K  f.^,.  l.:.  , 

which  1,^,1  •      r  '"spei'sonal  expenses, 

Which  he  claimed  was  not  enough 

i  am  far  from  intending  or  desiring,"  write, 
•Tolinson,  "a  support  for  a  vain  or  useless     ten 
tation,  but   he  coimeil  will,  I  presuuie,  thiuk    t 
>^ecessa,7  Aat  I  sustain  the  honor  confe,™ 
"pon  me  with  a  decent  dignity.     The  tr  ^^s 


to  the  victorious  French   room  nttT     ,•  '"'""•'  "^^'' 

of  Monroe  to  Mont.^:^Z^::'^^^^^^^^or 

capture  of  Ticondoro^^a  and  Crown  plt^  fZf  T     " 
subsequently  captured  by  Cois  Etlinn  Al,  f  '^'''^'''^^ '' 

irrT  "in  +1  ^^- ^'"an  Allen  and  Arnold  in 

i'''>.    in  the  name  of  the  Great  Tplm,.ni        ..  -yn"i«,  m 
nental  Concrress  "     Pi„„i,  7  Jehovah  and  the  Conti- 

-Hl-  Gen  H  .rv  kI^'  "'  *''  ''^"^  "'  ""^*--  ^»  1776. 
theRovolu  ion  o-ur;;  ''^""T^^'^^'  ^'  ^^tillery  during 
clrawn  b.  ox  ;  fiftf 'I'"  "°™'^  ""  '^^^  *-"-  of  sledges 
Tlu-reitdid^ods  r'i^^^  Z^^^^  ''''T''''  '^  «-^on. 
tl>.t  place    m.ti     h!?    !  "'^'  ^'^'^  l>ombardment  of 

troopL       '  "  "*^  "^^  ^^--*<^'i  V  the  British 


li^i    I 


a 


I 
ii 


1 


88 


LAKE   GEORGE   AND 


will  naturally  expect  to  see  it,  the  officers  to  feel 
it     Neither  my  policy  nor  my  s])irit  will  allow 
me  to  disgrace  the  character  I  am  placed  in. 
The  province  of  New  Jersey  have  agreed  to 
o-ive  Col.  Peter  Schuyler,  who  commands  but 
ftve  hundred  men,  three  hundred  pounds  cur- 
rency for  his  table.     Is  not  a  secretary,  are  not 
aids-de-camp  necessary  about  me?    -Is  there  to 
be  no  establishment  for  them?      They   must 
always  be  of  my  table." 

In  consequence  of  these  representations,  an 
allowance  of  fifty  pounds  per  month  was  made 
to  Gen.  Johnson  for  his  table,  and  four  hundred 
and  fifty-seven  pounds  for  the  service  of  the 

Indians. 

On  his  return  from  Albany,  Gen.  Johnson 
sent  messages,  with  belts  and  wampum,  through 
the  several  Indian  nations,  acquainting  them 
with  his  appointment,  and  calling  for  a  grand 
council,  to  be  held  at  his  house  (Fort  Johnson), 
for  which  vast  preparations  had  been  made. 

The  conference  was  opened  with  due  solem- 
nitv  and  the  observance  of  all  the  ancient  forms, 
at  Mount  Johnson,  June  21.  The  nations  rep- 
resented were  the  Senecas,  Cayugas,  Oneidas, 
Tuscaroras,  Onondagas,  Tiedrigoes,  Sclmadan- 
ghroes,  Delawares  and  Mohawks.  .In  all  there 
were  eleven  hundred,  men,  women  and  children, 


fficers  to  feel 
t  will  allow 
11  placed  in. 
3   agreeJ  to 
nmands  but 
pounds  cur- 
ary,  are  not 
.Is  there  to 
They   must 

mtatlons,  an 
ith  was  made 
four  hundred 
irvice  of  the 

ren.  Johnson 
pum,  through 
ainting  them 
;  for  a  grand 
'ort  Johnson), 
3en  made. 
;h  due  solem- 
ancient  forms, 
e  nations  rep- 
igas,   Oneidas, 
es,  Sclmadari- 
.    Jn  all  there 
11  and  children, 


s 


LAKE  CHAMPLAIN.  gj 

being  a  greater  „,„n|,e,-  than  were  ever  assem 
Wed  before  at  any  public  ,„eetin.  »  '"" 

llie  representative  white  men  nreqent  „ 
Hon  TOiii„„  j,^  ;;  Pje-nt  wore 

?:;;f^v"'-f°-.^("f---:rt™;;f2'': 

rn.r  q7    1  -^     -^        '  ^"'^''^  ^''^^3  ^n  the  interest  of 
6er,«a„  gentleman  of  edneatio"^  ":    l^^^'^'l 

"r:t,s:-r^^^^ 

^eidTs:  --'  --^Sar- 

«.o"r;i:  rs?  .t"::':  nr-  - 

^»addre.™flr.madeb;i:,:'    „Te:;: 

-wa.tHe„u;K.::^X3::::' 


*  The  General  was  distressed  wh«re  to  <rof  f.   i  ^ 
numbers,  as  tlfey  "destroyed  every  lit  '"''' 

estate,  and  all  his  meadows"       ' ^  ^'°°"  """«  upon  his 

8* 


90 


LAKE   GEORGE   AND 


Ka  .hswuglitiona  ("  Red  Head  "),  to  the  wliole 
boiW  of  Indians,  with  their  consent  and  appro- 
bation. 

"Brethren  of  the  confederate  nations  here 
present:  With  this  string  of  wampum  I  wipe 
away  all  tears  from  your  eyes  and  clear  your 
throats,  that  we  may  cheerfully  look  one  another 
in  the  face,  and  that  you  may,  at  this  meeting, 
attend  and  speak  without  constraint."  [Gave  a 
string  of  wampum,] 

Johnson  then  stated  that  he  had  attended  a 
great  meeting  of  the  Governors  of  the  States, 
with  Gen.  Braddock  (a  great  warrior),  Avhere 
many  things  were  considered  and  agreed  upon, 
among  which  Mere  some  concerning  the  welfare 
and  interests  of  his  brethren,  the  Indians,  and 
recrarded  more  particularly  the  insults  and 
encroachments  of  the  French.  He  then  pro- 
ceeded : 

"  Brethren,  the  tree  which  you  have  so  often 
and  so  earnestly  desired  might  be  again  set  up, 
is  now  raised  and  fixed  in  the  earth  by  so  pow- 
erful a  hand  that  its  roots  wall  take  a  firm  and 
deep  footing,  and  its  branches  be  a  comfortable 
and  extensive  shade  for  you  and  all  your  allies 
to  take  shelter  under  it.  I  do,  brethren,  at  the 
same  time,  remove  the  embers  which  remained 
at  Albany,  and  rekindle  the  fire  of  council  and 


n 


LAKK    CIIAMPLAIN. 


91 


)  tliG  whole 
and  appro- 
nations  liere 
pnm  I  wipe 
d  clear  your 
one  another 
;his  meeting, 
t."     [Gave  a 

i  attended  a 
f  the  States, 
irrior),  where 
agreed  upon, 
Of  the  welfare 

Indians,  and 

insults  and 
Ee  then  pro- 
have  so  often 

again  set  up, 
rth  by  so  pow- 
ie  a  firm  and 

a  comfortable 
all  your  allies 
i-ethren,  at  the 
liich  remained 
of  council  and 


I 


iigDt  and  greatest  warmtli,  and  I  hope  it  will 
prove  comfortable   and  useful   to  17!   V 

I.Iessin.  il  ?       "■''  '■'""'"'•  '*  >">'  only  a 

rT,   «  *°.y«'"-«elves  but  to  yon,-  postentv 

tl„-^  „„       •,  ^  "'  "■■ii'ipimi  I  make 

tins  coinicil  room  clean  iin,l   c       ^ 

^  S'^^^t-Str;-.:- 

[Gave  a  string  of  wampnm  ]  •'^' 

He  also  infomed  thorn  that  ho  had  been 
Wonued  superintendent  of  Indian  affairs  and 

hen   advsed   them   to  east  away  m^^ 
jealons.es  and   misnnde,-standin..s      "Co,,^"; 

«"r„t:;:t'' 'eTi^i:.e7-  '°'^°"^^"^- 

sn.est  defense  agamst  every  enemy.    Brothers 
jmned  together  are  like  a  great  bnndle  of  sil 
^luch  cannot  be  brokewbilst  they  are  bonnd 


'ITT 


02 


LAKE   GEORGE   AND 


'    i 


!  i 


tugotlior,  but  when  separated  from  eacli  otlier  a. 
uhild  may  break  tlicm."     [Here  a  bundle   of 
HtickH,  bound  together,  were  delivered  by  Col. 
.ToluiHon  to  the  sachem,  Red  Head,  who,  with  a 
very  lively  action  and  in  an  animated  manner, 
oxc'mpliticd  the  metaphor,  and  gave  the  bundle 
<,f  sticks  to  a  sachem  on  the  front  bench.     Upon 
this,  a  universal  shout  of  applause  was  given  by 
tiio  Indians.]     "  So  will  it  be  with  you.    If  you 
keep  in  miion  you  will  be  strong,  but  if  divided, 
you  will  easily  be  destroyed.     To  fix  in  your 
hearts  and  to  render  this  advice,  which  I  have 
given  you,  effectual,  I  strengthen  it  with  this 
belt  of'  wampum."     [Gave  a  belt.] 

Tlie  General  then  informed  them  he  had  done 
for   this  time,  but  would   give   them   another 
speech  the  day  after  to-morrow,  when  affairs  of 
the  greatest  importance  would  be  opened  to  them. 
On  the  morning  of  the  23d  a  council  of  the 
Bachcms  was  held  to  consider  of  the  reply,  and 
Ilendrick  was  nominated  for  their  speaker,  but 
he  declined  the  honor  in  favor  of  "Red  Head," 
which  was  at  last  agreed  to.     The  latter  had 
been  much  under  French  influence,  but  had  been 
won  over  by  Col.  Johnson. 

In  the  afternoon,  the  assembly  being  convened 
m  before,  Plendrick,  the  Mohawk  sachem,  first 
rose  up  and  said : 


!   ! 


T-AKE   CIIAMI'LALV, 


ricli  other  a 
bundle  of 
red  by  Col. 
,vlio,  with  a 
,ed  manner, 

the  bundle 
neb.  Upon 
,'as  given  by 
'ou.  If  you 
it  if  divided, 

fix  in  your 
hicb  I  bave 

it  witb  tbis 

be  bad  done 
lem  anotber 
en  affairs  of 
jTied  to  tbem. 
ouncil  of  tbe 
le  reply,  and 
speaker,  but 
'Red  Head," 
le  latter  bad 
but  bad  been 

;ing  convened 
sacbem,  first 


93 


"Brotber    Wariagl.ojai^lie     [Col.    Johnson's 
Indian    name]:    The  confederate  nat'o.sar 

tohearwhatwewt%1:;^  Srr^ 
toMtl...batbewas.    He^.^'t^ir" 
Li otber  sachems  and  you  warriors,  niy  cl.il 
d  en:   According  to  the  customs  of  ou^f  1" 
fathers  on   these   occasions    fl.o  T 

of  the  three,   as    from  wl,icl,ever  of   them   I 
speaker  was  chosen,   there   was    „o  fe^^  1, ' 

om  speaker  at  this  meetino-  » 

^^  Kaghs„.„ghtio„a  then  ro^se  „p  and  sai.l  as  fol- 

eraie^nTr"  ■^^^™«'"'J'>S'.e :    We,  the  oonfed- 
'  """  ^-^  »»y  ^P«»k  to  „s  with  an  uncon- 


I 


I 


1^   i 


m ! 


ii,;i 


94 


LAKE   GEORGE  AND 


strained  freetloin 


Wo  condole  with  our  breth- 


ren 


....,  the  En<,disli,  for  all  the  blood  which  has 
been  spilled  by  the  French  and  all  other 
enemies."     [Gave  a  string  of  wampum.] 

Red  Head  thanked  him  for  the  relation  given 
of  the  journey  to  Virginia,  and  of  what  passed 
at  the  council  there,  and  then  said :  "  We  are 
also  rejoiced  to  see  the  tree  replanted,  and  that 
in  so  strong  a  manner.     We  hope  it  will  be 
nourished  by  refreshing  streams,  that  it  may 
grow  up  as  high  as  the  heavens,  and  be  proof 
against  every  ^envious  wind ;  that  its  branches 
nTay  be  large  enough  and  numerous  enough  to 
afford   sufficient    shelter  for    us   and    all    our 
brethren  to  come  and  consult  under  it,  and  that 
our  children's  children  may  bless  the  hand  that 
planted  it.     Brother,   we  have  been  long   in 
darkness,  and  we  are  extremely  obliged  to  the 
King  for  now  restoring  us  to  that  clear  and 
comfortable  light,  which  in  old  times  cheered 
our  fathers,  by  appointing  you  to  the  sole  man- 
agement of  our  affairs,  whom  we  look  upon  as 
our  own  flesh  and  blood.     You,  last  year,  made 
up  the  fire  at  Onondaga,  of  such  wood  as  will 
never  burn  out.     As  to  the  fire  at  Albany,  it 
was  so  low  and  bad  that  we  could  not  find  even 
a  spark  to  light  a  pipe  at  it.     But  here  we  have 
a  fire  that  will  never  be  extinguished.     This 


LAKE   CIIAMPLAIX.  Qg 

h,  unci  all  o  I.e.,.  f,,o,  „,,  t,,„^  ^|^,,^ 

you  fi«.  renewing  on,-  ancient  fonns.     To,,        t 
■■-oyds  of  these  thin,.,  and  we  thank  yj'; 

e*.-o.'to  keoi':;:  z:r.i:Lre™'' 

■8     o   be  B.nceroly  and   aflertionately   united 
o«   1,0,,  ,n  so  expressive  a  .nannor  a  y.™ 

h      ,„„d,o  of  stielc.     It  hatl,  wa,.„fed  o 
\    h  "",',  ™  ="■>=  ''i="'"'Io  tl,at  if  divi.Ie.!  we 
Me  I,l.e  ti,is  si,,g,o  stick,  easil,  des,. 
and  we  are  dote,-,„i„ed  to  snpport  that  sti^ic 

t^eu    affoc  ,onate    answe,-,  and   I,avi„„  give, 

The  same  for,nalities  were  observed  the  fol 
low.ng    ay,  when  Col.  Jol„,son  spoke  as  foiled: 
J..otI„-en,  sache,n9  and  wa,Tio,-s  of  tl,e  con- 

Werate  nations:  With  this  string  of  wa^,,:;: 


I    * 


I  I  ■  ll 


^^^B>i.'& 

i 

^^^^■ifBAg 

,  .1     "'II 

HHI 

I 

■ 

ll 

96 


LAKE   GEORGE   AND 


I  pick  your  cars,  and  desire  your  serious  atten- 
tion.    Behold,  brethren,  tliese  great  books  [four 
folio  volumes  of  the  records  of  Indian  ailairs, 
which  lay  upon  the  table].     They  are  records 
of  the  many  solemn  treaties  and   transactions 
which  have  passed  between  your  forefathers  and 
your  brethren,  the  English,  also  between  many 
of  you  here  present  and  us,  your  brethren,  now 
living.     They  testily  that  it  is  now  almost   a 
hundred  years  since  your  forefathers  and  ours 
became  known  to  each  other.     That  upon  our 
lirst  acquaintance  we  shook  hands,  and  finding 
we  should  be  useful  to  one  another,  entered  into 
a  covenant  of  brotherly  love  and  mutual  friend- 
ship ;  and  though  at  first  we  were  only  tied  by 
a  rope,  yet  lest  this  rope  should  grow  rotten  and 
break,  we  tied   ourselves  together  by  an  iron 
chain;  lest  time   and  accident  u'-'rht  rust  and 
destroy  this  chain  of  iron,  we  atierward  made 
one  of  silver,  the  strength   and  brightness  of 
which  would  be  subject  to  no  decay.     The  ends 
of  this  silver  chain  are  fixed  in  the  immovable 
mountains,  in  so  firm  a  manner  that  the  hands 
of  no  mortal  enemy  might  be  able  to  move  it. 
By  keeping  it  bright  and  unbroken  we  have 
never  spilled  in  anger  one  another's  blood  to 
this  day.     From  the  beginning  to  this  time,  we 
have    almost    every    year     strengthened    and 


LAKE  CUAMW.AIN. 


97 


bngl.tccl   ,l,is  covenant  cl,..i„    i„   ,|,e  „,„,t 
.bl.e  ana  .oiomn  „,anno.-.      V„n  kn„„. 

people,  the  same  kmg  onr  conm.on  falhc,--  tint 
your  cnom  OS  wore  onrs,  an,]  wl,„,„   von    "  k 

■"to  yon,;  alliance  „n.lallo™l,o,ako -his 
""•d^  tlm  covenant  chain  ae  brethren,  tl.ey  ' "e 

horn   tie    bcj;„M„ng    the    French   were    yonr 
declared  and  most  crnel  enenn-es."  ^ 

enJc  "!?"';■''",'  """,  ^''"'"'''"^  ">  "<="'"  tl'oir 

I'lJ    g  tier  enemies  with  an.mnnition  •  their 

J.b"^..e  hunting  sronnds  by  bniWinl'stod 
»  os;  thcr  pretended  peace  wd.cn  war'w  r  n 

l;"'H  f-s;  until  fl„:?i  'riief^yLt't 

I'ey  sent  a  body  of  armed  men  to  cu  tff  Z 
bre  hren  at  the  Ohio,  which  they  wonldt,     II 

Zetted^':™-''- "1'^''  '•"•  '''  -' J"''- 
oTtCdate:.'''™'"'''^ '"<"-' «-'^-"- 

"And  now,  my  hrethren,"  ho  continued  "  I 

•use  f,  tho  question,  Who  have  becn-who  are 

be  fncnd,  and  brethren  of  tho  five  confederate 

"afons  and   their  allies?   the  English  of;;! 


ffM  LAKE   OEOROK    AND 

Frond  I  ?     Whatever  the  reports  the  French  may 
artfully  spread  among  you,  to  uhirm  or  excite 
jealousies  in  you  against  the  English,  helievo 
mo  they  are  false  and  raised  only  to  ruin  and 
enslavJ  yon  anl  establish  their  own  power.     I 
call  that  Almighty  Spirit  above  to  witness,  who 
made  us  all  and  knows  our  hearts,  which  created 
the  Bun  which  shines  upon  us,  and  in  whoso 
hands  are  tho  thunder  and  the  lightning,  that 
we,  your  brethren,  have  no  ill  designs  whatever 
against  you.     If  you  will  continue  to  he  dutiful 
and  faithful  children  to  tho  King,  and  enter  into 
no  engagements  with  the   1^'cnch  against  your 
brethren  the  English— if  you  will  do  this  with 
sincerity,  1  am  ready  with  this  belt  to  renew 
and  make  more  strong  and  bright  than  ever  the 
covenant  chain  of  love  and  friendship,  that  our 
friends  or  enemies  shall  be  yours,  and  that  your 
friends  or  enemies  shall  be  ours."     [Here  the 
union  belt  was  gi  ven.]     ''Stand  hj  your  Irethren, 
the  Ewjlhh.      They  have,  indeed,   been  long 
asleep,  but   now   they  are  thoroughly  awfiVe. 
They  are  slow  to  spill  blood,  but  when  tl.ty 
begin  they  are  like  an   angry  wolf,  and  the 
French  will  fly  before  them  like  deer.    Now  is 
your  time   to   choose.      I    am  ordered  to  go 
•avself,  with  great  guns  and  other  implements 
.,  ^'u/.  to  dnve  the  French  from  their  encroach- 


I'AKE   C'lIAMI'LAIN. 


99 


If  vf.ii  virMi  '  1  ...  »»  '""^'^  '"  t'113  province. 
Ityouvv.l  ooWut.tuI  to  the  King,  if  yo.MWIl 
be  fuuhful  to  jour  brethren,  if  v o u  J     J  I 

IL  -  18  ON  rilE  FIKE;   MV  CANOE   IS   HEADV   TO   PUT 

iNro  THE  WATEu;  Mr  ouN  I.  .oaded;  mv  ZZ 

-BVMVSn.E,ANnMVAXX8S„A.EC      B 

^  eon)  ,m  tho  as.„ira„cos  I  l,,,vo  given   yo,,  " 

-u.d  go  f,.„,„  each  oastlc. ;  bu  1  tl  e     of  XJ: 
iamihea  unpreuarofi  fn,.  f i  •  "^  "^^'^ 

Col.   Jolnison   began  it,   and    tlie 


i-WTT" 


1> 


1 


i]! 


III!  i 


N| 


100 


LAKE   GEOKGE   AND 


speakers,  sachems  and  warriors  joined  in  the 
solemn  ceremony. 

A  number  of  days  more  were  consumed  at 
this  celebrated  conference. 

On  the  first  of  Jiily,  the  presents  beinj^  set 
out  in  the  middle  of  the  yard,  Gen.  Johnson 
ao-ain  addressed  the  Indians  to  the  effect,  that 
as  they  had  engaged  themselves  to  assist  tlieir 
brethren   in    the    undertakhigs    now   on    foot 
against  their  enemies,  the   French,  he   hoped 
tiiey  would  fulfill  their  engagements  like  honest 
men ;  that  some  of  their  young  men  should  go 
down    and    join    Gen.    Braddock;    that   Gov. 
Sliirley  was  going  with  an  army  to  Oswego  and 
Nia<i-ara,  and  he  desired  they  should  give  him 
their  presence  and  assistance  in  his  undertakings ; 
that  he  would  shortly  march  with  the  forces 
under  his  command   to  Crown  Point,  and  he 
desired  they  would  have  some  warriors  from' 
each  nation  to  attend  to  his  directions. 

The  reply  was  again  given  by  Ked  Head, 
who  seemed  to  have  been  the  c^def  orator  for 
this  occasion,  in  which  he  promised  that  they 
would  persist  in  their  engagements;  that  the 
Half  King  had  already  joined  Gen.  Braddock 
with  several  of  tlieir  people  ;  that  where  John- 
son went  they  were  ready  to  follow,,  and  there 
would  be  people  to  join  and  aid  Gov.  Shirley. 


If 


"% 


LAKE   CrrASrPLAIN. 


101 


ined   in  the 

onsnmed  at 

[•s  beinj^  set 
on,  Joluison 
!  effect,  that 
)  assist  their 
ow   on    foot 
1,  ho   hoped 
s  like  honest 
in  should  go 
;    that    Gov\ 
Oswego  and 
iild  give  liini 
ndevtalcings ; 
:h  the  forces 
oint,  and  he 
'arriors   from' 
ons. 

T  Red  Head, 
ief  orator  for 
ied  that  they 
nts;  that  the 
en.  Braddock 
;  where  John- 
3W,.and  there 
Gov.  Shirley. 


h 


jr  wit    "  r' '^^^ 

pum   w   h  a  smalb^^ 

Bother:   As  every  thing  has   ^one  in   a 
frendlywaybetweennsatthisnK^^tin.ld 

manner,  let  ns  not  have  tiie  devil  to  join  wifli 
"s,  and   that  is  the  rum.     We  desiro  v 
-pupthebung,.ndIetnoL\t      ;:::;^ 
to  our  people.     Let  ns  be  content  M-ith  the  d;^k 
winch  God  gives  ns  from  the  heavens.     R         " 
not  necessary  fo.  onr  lives,  bnt,  on  the  cont  :; 
IS  the  occasion  of  onr  losing  them.     We  have 
nev.  any  diiference  but  tln-on^^^^ 

';  Brother,  we  must  correct  you  a  little.     Yon 

ran  :;!•  -'-'  ^^  '-^  ^^^-^^-^  -<^ " 

"law  all  our  allies  near  us:  but  wo  c:i,„li  i 
no  lonrl  loft     •4.^        n  '  "''•' ^^0  sUaJl  Jiave 

no  land  left,  either  fo,-  ourselves  or  for  them 

When  j-onr  people  buy  a  sn.all  piece  of  tad 
from  „,  hy  stealing  they  „,ake  it  hrge.     Some 
tm>es  It  ,s  bought  of  two  n,e„  who  a°e  not  ".e 
proper  owners  of  it  "    *    «    »        ."o  not  the 

^p^'naSf'"' '"  °""^"  -''™- «-  -- 

keep  th.s  fire-place  clean  from  all  filth,  and  that 

no  snake  should  come  into  this  c„„„.ilro„ 
That  m„„  s,tt,ng  there  (pointing  to  Col.  Lydius^ 


n 


102 


LAKE   GEORGE 


is  a  devil  and  has  stolen  our  lands.  He  takes 
Indians  slyly  by  the  blanket,  one  at  a  time, 
and  when  they  are  drunk,  puts  some  money 
into  their  bosoms,  and  persuades  them  to  sign 
deeds  for  our  lands  upon  the  Susquehanna 
which  we  will  not  ratify,  nor  suffer  the  lands 
to  be  settled." 

In  his  rejoiner  Gen.  Johnson  said  :  "  That  if 
the  coming  of  Lydius  was  any  offense  to  the 
Indians,  he  was  sorry  for  it.  Lydius  came  to 
Mount  Johnson  of  his  own  accord,  and  without 
any  invitation  from  him.  If  Col.  Lydius  has 
done  as  you  represent,  which  I  am  afraid  is  in  a 
great  measure  true,  I  think  he  is  very  faulty— 
and.  nobody  should  attempt  to  settle  lands  on 
such  unfoir  purchases." 

The  General  having  further  wished  them  a 
safe  return  to  their  homes,  the  Conference— the 
most  celebrated  in  Indian  history— broke  up, 
having  been  in  session  fourteen  days. 


'! 


lie  takes 
at  a  time, 
3me  money 
lein  to  sign 
usquelianna 
ir  the  lands 

:  "That  if 
fense  to  the 
ius  came  to 
and  without 
Lydius  has 
ifraid  is  in  a 
ery  fanlty — 
tie  lands  on 

:hed  them  a 
ference — the 
— broke  up, 

■s. 


SIR    WILLIAM.  JOHNSON. 


1 1' 5 
hi? 


1 


I     ; 


13       J 


^i    i 


CHAPTER  VI. 

i.T»»i._»„,„vii  AT  i,;,L  ""•'"="■  "'  »-Ai._roi.. 

(f  LBANY  was  selected  as  tlie  plaee  of 

.endezvom  for  the  foops  destined  for 

the    Crown    Point    expedition,   wl.o 

^^     began  to  assemble  about  the  last  of 

i^»W«    ft'O'i.o&Ki-Major-General  Phineas 

t  Jon';"-""'-  ^°''"  ^'^■•'■.  ^^»io^  Ho^: 

i^™<  Jra««to»  _  Col.  Timothy  En...Ie9 
W.C„,.    Thos.    Gilbert,    Major  ^ona'ttn' 

I,ietrc!/''Tt"*-'^'°'-  '^»-  Titeomb, 
W-Col.    Jonathan    Bag.e,,    Major    Ebi,! 


ill 


Hi 

Ik 


104 


LAKK   OEORGK   AND 


Third  Massachusetts— Qo\.  Ephriam  Wil- 
liiutm,  Lieut.-Col.  Seth  Pomeroy,  Major  Noali 

Anliluy. 

Flmt  Rhode  Island  — Co\.  AVm.  Cockroft, 
Liunt.-Col.  Edward  Cole,  Major  Eobcrt  House. 

To  these  were  added,  on  their  arrival  at  Fort 
Edward,  Col.  Joshua  Bhuichard's  reginicut  of 
Now  Ilami'shire. 

In  addition  to  the  above  regiments  were  the 
following  companies : 

Capt.  Phil  John  Schuyler,  Albany,  8Y  men. 

Capt.  Edmond  Mathews,  Albany,  97  men. 

Capt.  Isaac  Corser,  AYestchester,  95  nien. 

Capt.  Peter  Vandenburgh,  Dutchess,  78  men. 

Capt.  AVm.  McGinness,  Schenectady,  89  men. 

Capt.  Samuel  Dimock,  Seabrook,  Ct.,  97  men. 

Capt.  John  Slap,  Durham,  Ct.,  97  men. 

Capt.  Street  Hall,  Wallingford,  Ct.,  97  men. 

These  companies  were  organized  into  the  New 
York  regiment,  which  was  placed  nnder  the 
connnand  of  Major  Fitch,  of  Connecticut. 

About  the  first  of  xYugust  Gen.  Lyman  moved 
up  the  river  with  the  advance,  building  store- 
houses and  opening  the  road.  At  Saraghtoga  he 
constructed  a  block-house,  to  which  he  gave  the 
name  of  Fort  Hardy,  in  honor  of  the  New  Gov- 
ernor of  New  York.  This  fort  was  located  on 
tlu)  north  side  of  Fish  creek,  on  the  west  side 


LAKE  CirAMPLAIN. 


106 


!.e  coek  ami  r,ve,-,  and  on  the  remaining  s  des 
1-7  a  doe,,  ditcl,,  wl,i„l,  ,™  erossed  by  Tdraw 
bndgo.     Sto,-o-I,o„ses  were  also  ereeted  at  tl 
second  eavrying  place,  to  ,vhich  the  na.ne  of 

^cle  of  the  stream,  and  were  bnilt  upon  the  flat 

a     he  head  o    the  fall.,.     This  flat  Is  protected 

on  three  sides,  bj- the  river,  which  cnrvesaronnd 
■t  in  a  horseshoe  fonn,  and  oncthird  of  the 

r!':7T'",';?'''"'™" ''">■•  To  complete 
the»ena„ral  defenses  a  parapet  of  timber  and 
earth,  ,v,th  a  fence  in  front  of  it,  was  extend  d 

across  the  neck  of  land  from  the  head  of  the  blv 
to  the  river  bank.  •'^ 

The  road  was  eontinned  „p  the  west  side  of 
the  mer  to  the  great  carrying  place  and  there 

of  the  fortified  house  of  Lydius,*  a  largo  and 


Uoatrey  I>e  lius  m  Ins  ministrations  of  tlie  Holland  clinrch 


ESBB 


106 


LAKE   QEOEGE   AND 


i      .1 


i':i:i 


?    i'l 


expensive  fort  was  laid  out,  which  was  called 
Fort  Lyman.  It  was  built  under  the  direction 
of  Capt.  Eyre,  who  kept  three  hundred  men 
constantly  at  work  upon  them  until  the  army 
marched  to  Lake  St.  Sacrament.  It  was  fifteen 
hundred  and  sixty  feet  in  circumference  and  of 
an  irregular  quadrangular  form.  Two  of  its 
sides  were  protected  hy  Fort  Edward  Creek  and 
the  river.  Its  ramparts  were  sixteen  feet  high 
and  twenty-two  feet  thick,  which  were  guarded 

It  is  not  tnio,  as  lias  been  statocl,  that  lie  alijured  his 
religion.  On  tlio  contrary,  lie  -was  tried  for  heresy  and  tam- 
pering with  the  Indians.  It  was  shown  that  he  received 
the  Indians  at  his  house,  painted  them,  telling  them  that 
thus  they  should  go  to  war.  He  also  represented  that  the 
Catholic  mysteries  which  the  missionaries  were  announcing 
to  them,  were  pure  impositions,  which  they  ought  not  to 
believe.  He  had  objected  to  have  his  child  baptized,  and 
secretly  had  exhorted  an  Englishman,  at  the  point  of  death, 
to  persist  in  his  heretical  opinions,  had  assisted  at  his  inter- 
ment, and  performed  the  ceremonies  according  to  the  man- 
ner of  English  ministers.  In  consequence  of  this  ho  was 
tried  by  a  court-martial,  and  was  condemned  to  pay  a  fine  of 
three  thousand  livres  and  be  banished  the  colony  forever. 

In  1744,  on  the  20th  of  February,  Beaubassin  visited 
Lydius  at  his  fortified  house,  at  the  great  carrying  place 
(Fort  Edward),  and  slept  there.  Lydius  then  stated  to  him 
that  in  the  spring  two  Englishmen  intended  to  build  a  grist 
and  a  saw  mill  at  the  Little  Fall  (Whitehall),  for  the  pur- 
pose of  locating  a  company  of  Scotchmen  (Capt.  Laughlin's 
emigrants). 


i     :i      irlllil 


slit 


was  called 
e  direction 
indred  men 
1  tlio  army 

was  fifteen 
nee  and  of 
Two  of  its 
.1  Creek  and 
n  feet  liigli 
ire  guarded 


le  abjured  his 
ercsy  and  tam- 
it  be  received 
ing  tlicm  that 
ented  that  the 
TC  announcing 
ought  not  to 
i  baptized,  and 
point  of  death, 
L>d  at  his  inter- 
ng  to  the  man- 
nf  this  ho  was 
to  pay  a  fine  of 
lony  forever. 
Libassin  visited 
carrying  place 
1  stated  to  him 
to  build  a  grist 
11),  for  the  pur- 
apt.  Laughlin's 


OUTLET  OF  FORT  EDWARD  CREEK. 


r 


|! 

hi  '<^ 

i 

F^ffl-      ' 

1    :1 

1 ' 

1 1 

f    i 


Ic 


LAKE  CIIAMI'LAIN. 


107 


hy  six  cannon.     Licut.-Colonol  Baifloy  b„ilt  „ 
b..cl«o  „e,.o,,  the  crook,  wl,i,.,,  «™  xL  'n  a 

to  «l,cl,  largo  Bture-houses  ,.ncl  Imrrucks  wore 

roared  on  t,o  Wand  opposito,  in  ,l,erivorU 

took  seyera'  years  to  eoniploto  tl.e  fort,  wl.ici, 

vl.en   hn,.l,ed,   „-a.   nan.od    Fort  F.J«  ,rd     in 

honor  of  the  DnI'o  nf  V    i    i      ,    -^-^^'Hu,   in 

tl.o  Third  "'*' '"•''"'^'' °f  «^°'-«« 


oi  .  ,  jv>iius  worn  to  Boston  to  ronrp«nnf  ♦^  « 

sessod  of  the  vn]l,.v  of  fi.    vv        •  ^"""^^^^^^^^t  became  pos- 
»i»gton,  n»,,  .^„,  „,„„.,j;°,''^J:^';'  """  "■-^  -«-  Ken. 


ii' 


'i  9' 


•f    I 


108 


LAKE  GKOUGE   AND 


On  the  8tli  of  August  Oen.  Johnson  left 
Alhnny  with  the  stores  iind  tirtillcry.  lie  was 
also  a('(!oinpanie(l  by  IIen(h*ick  with  iifty  Mo- 
liawk  warriors.  He  reached  the  prreat  carrying 
place  on  the  Uth,  and  was  there  joined  hy  two 
hundred  more  braves.  Here  information  was 
received  that  the  French  were  concentrating  a 
force  of  at  least  0,000  men  at  Fort  St.  Frede- 
rick, that  they  intended  also  to  fortify  at  Ticon- 
deroga,  and  if  the  army  marched  hy  the  way 
of  "Wood  creek,  they  would  attack  from  South 
Bay.  These  reports  from  the  Indians  were  con- 
firmed hy  Lieuts.  Adams,  Butler  and  Stevens, 
who  each  commanded  an  Indian  company. 

A  scouting  party  of  forty  soldiers  and  three 
Indians,  having  been  sent  out  to  rcconnoitcr, 
Johnson  laid  before  a  council  of  war  the  above 
information,  and,  at  the  same  time,  desired  tiieir 
opinion  in  regard  to  re-enforcements,  also  which 
way  toward  Crown  Point  the  road  should  be 
opened,  and  the  number  of  men  necessary  for 
that  work. 

The  council  unanimously  decided  that  there 
was  great  urgency  for  rc-enforcements,  that  the 
road  to  Lake  St.  Sacrament  was  the  most  eligible 
route,  and  that  two  thousand  men  and  half  the 
artillery  and  military  stores,  were  the  number 
that  would  be  safe  and  sufficient  to  carry  on 


I-AKK   CirAMl'LAIN. 


109 


that  work  and  l.uil.l  a  ,,luoe  of  nnns  and  n,n..a- 

.    T^^"  ^"""^   '^^'y^  An^niBt   24,   (;cn.   Johnson 
inclosed  to  Gov.  Delunccv  the  n.inutes  of  the 

conncl  of  vyar,  and  stated  that  he  had  sent  an 

pos.be  despatch;  that  ho  had  many  natural 
obsaeles  to  expect;  that  the  Frenih  wonld 
pvobahly  ontnnn.hor  hhn,  hut  ho  would  take 
post  and  foHifv  lu-n..lf  in  son.e  a<lvanta,    n 

P^-^  tins  snle  of  CVown  Poh.t,   i^ohabFy   a 
lie^u  ero.a  ;  that  they  .vere  ,n-eatly  supenor 
m  Indians,  and,  all  cireun.stanees  considered 
very  strong   and   spee.ly  rcenforcen.ents  were 
necessary  to  the  acquisition  of  Crown  Poiut 

The  country,  however,  was  already  alive  to 
I  e  emergency.     The  Xew  York  Assembly  had 
ready  resolved  to  raise  400,  Connecticut  HOo' 
and  Massachusetts  2,000,  additional  troops  fo 
this  expedition.  ^ 

Aug.  25.  Johnson  moved  out  with  the  fir^t 

:.■  7'"  "-"oP'  ■•eaol.od  tl,e  lake  on  tl,e 
evcnmg  „f  „,„  28^1,,  and  i,m„e,liatoly  went  in  o 
^^•^^P--*^^'- .Loir  flank.,  being  protmod 

*  West  of  Fort  George. 
10 


110 


LAKE   GEORGE   AND 


|( 


»1  ; 


i' 


by  a  thickly  wooded  swamp,  "where,"  he  writes, 
"  no  liouse  was  ever  before  built,  nor  a  rod  of 
land  cleared  ;  and  the  lake  which  the  French  call 
St.  SaGramcnt*  I  have  given  the  name  of  Lake 
GEOKGE,f  not  only  in  honor  of  His  Majesty, 
but  to  assert  his  undoubted  dominion  liere." 

The  plan  of  the  General  was,  after  building 
the  fort,  to  cause  the  bateaux,  about  six  hun- 
dred in  number,  to  be  brought  up  from  Fort 
Lyman,  and  proceeding  to  Ticonderoga,  there 
await  re-enforcements,  and  then  proceed  to  the 
attack  on  Crown  Point. 

Sept,  3d,  Gen.  Lyman  arrived,  bringing  up 
with  him  tlie  rest  of  the  troops  and  the  heavy 
artillery.  He  left  Col.  Blanchard  in  com- 
mand of  the  fort,  Avith  the  New  Hampshire 
Rangers  and  five  companies  of  the  New  York 
regiment. 

*  Literally  "  Lake  of  the  Blessed  Sacrament,"  which 
name  it  obtained  in  1646,  from  Father  Joques,  the  Jesuit, 
who,  on  his  way  to  the  Iroquois  country,  passed  throiigh  it 
on  the  festival  of  Corpus  Christi. 

f  The  ancient  Iroquois  name  of  Lake  George  is  Andia-ti- 
ror-te — "  There  the  lake  shuts  itself."  lis  arriverant,  la 
Veille  du  S.  Sacrament  au  bout*  du  lac  qui  est  joint  au 
grand  lac  de  Champlain.  Les  Iroquois  le  nomment  Andia- 
TiKOCTE  comme  que  disact  la  on  le  lac  se  feme.  La  Fere  le 
nomma  le  lac  du  S.  Sacrament. 

*  2>'o«<— The  extremity  as  opposed  to  the  other  end. 


e  writes, 
rod  of 
jncli  call 
of  Lake 
Majesty, 
3rc." 
building 
iix  hun- 
)m  Fort 
;a,  there 
1  to  the 

ging  up 
le  heavy 
in  cora- 
mp  shire 
!W  York 


t,"  which 
he  Jesuit, 
hroiigh  it 

i  Aiidia-ti- 
vcrant,  la 
;  joint  au 
nt  Andia- 
La  Pere  le 


LAKE   CIIAMPLAIJSr. 


Ill 


In  tlie  month  of  Maroli   l^nn  .. 

1  ren  .  I  t,oo,,s  ,„  Canada,  and  giving  l,im  six 
battal,„„s  of  3,000  rognla,.,  i„  fdditfon  ™  ,  e 
t  oops  already  tl,„.e.    M.  de  Vaudrouil  a  Cana 
d.an  bj-  l,i,,h,  and  lately  Governor  „ f  Lol " 

May  „d.   riiey  embarked  at  Brest  in  a  fleet 
of  fourteen  ships  and  two  frigates,  and  reached 

two  ve»els,  wlucl,  were  captured  by  the  Enolish 
cruisers  off  Newfoundland  ° 

consisted  of  the  regnnents  of  La  Reine  and 
languedoek,  amounting  to  720  regula,.,  1    00 

»opt  3d.  Tlie  Baron  moved  down  to  Carillon 
(T  conderoga),  for  the  purpose  of  buildin^a  fo 
and  oeeupying  that  important  pass.     Ou^info 

FoHi;!:"""'^-^"^  --■'"«>■» '>-amp  at 


I 


9ni 


112 


m  'I 


LAKE    OEOKGK    AND 


In  consequence  of  this,  there  were  orclered 
out  a  detachment  of  216  reguLars,  600  Cana- 
dians and  all  the  Indians,  making  a  force  of 
1,500  men.  By  advice  of  the  Indians,  thej 
resolved  to  go  up  Lake  Champlain  rather  than 
l)y  Lake  St.  Sacrament.  The  first  night  they 
encamped  at  the  Two  Eocks,  and  September  5th 
moved  to  the  head  of  South  Bay. 

6th.  They  left  the  bateaux  under  a  guard  of 
one  hundred  and  twenty  men,. and  marched 
three  leagues  toward  Fort  Lyman,  the  detach- 
ment carrying  eight  days'  provisions  on  their 
backs. 

7th.  Marched  six  leagues  through  the  woods, 
and  encamped  within  a  league  of  the  fort, 
intending  to  attack  and  carry  the  place  the  next 
morning,  by  a  "  covp  de  mainy  Tliereupon  the 
commander  called  together  the  Indian  chiefs,  to 
explain  to  them  his  plan,  and  to  assign  to  them 
their  positions.  After  a  delay  of  an  hour  or 
two,  the  chiefs  returned  to  the  Marshal,  and 
stated  that  the  Iroquois  of  the  Sault.,  to  the 
number  of  300,  had  refused  to  join  in  the 
attack,  and  as  they  were  the  oldest,  the  rest 
of  the  Indians  would  be  oblio-cd  to  follow 
their  example.  They  had  resolved  ^'•not  to  act 
against  the  Enylish  on  their  own  territory,  hut 
if  the   General  would  lead  them  against  the 


t 


\  t 


LAKE   CIIAMPLAIN. 


113 


Emjlish  camp  at  St.  Sacrament,  winch  was 
nndoiiUedhj  on  French  soii;^  they  would  follow 
hini  tlu3re.* 

In  consequence    of  this   determination,   the 
Cxeneral  clianged  his  plans,  and  the  next  morn- 
ing at  day-break  moved  toward  Lake  St.  Sacra- 
ment, on  the  road  which  Johnson  had  built 
Ihe  troops  marched  in  three  columns,  the  Cana- 
dians on  the  right,  Indians  on  the  left,  and  the 
regulars  in  the  center.     After  a  march  of  some 
hours  a  prisoner  was  brought  in,  who  stated  that 
Cren.  Johnson  had  been  informed  of  the  inarch 
•against  Fort  Lyman,  and  had  detached  1,000 
men  from  his  camp  to  re-enforce  that  place 
^  pon   this   information,   Dieskan   ordered   the 
Indians   and   Canadians   to  move  about  three 
inmdred  paces  in  front,  there  to  lie  flat  on  the 
ground,  so  as  not  to  be  discovered,  and  not  to 
make  the  slightest  noise   or  discharge  a  gun 
until  the  French  column  had  first  fired,  then  to 
rise  suddenly  so  as  to  take  the  English  on  both 
flanks.     The  center  column  having  come  to  a 


Rev.  Courtlandt  Van  Rensselaer,  in  his  historical  dis- 
course on  the  battle  of  Lake  George,  states  that  the  r  a'on 
why  the  Indians  refused  to  go  on  with  the  attack  was  on 

rora;::r'^^-^"^-------ove'isTi 

10* 


'V 


'1:,.    . 


114 


LAKE   GEORGE   AND 


halt,  tlie  plan  of  attack  took  the  form  of  a  cul 
de  sac;  and,  had  the  orders  been  obeyed,  there 


is  not  a  doubt  but  the  whole  of  the  English 
detachment  would  have  been  captured.  Unfor- 
tunately, some  of  the  Iroquois,  more  curious 
tlian  the  others,  rose  up,  and,  perceiving  that 
the  English  were  accompanied  by  a  party  of 
Mohawks,  notified  the  rest,  whereupon  the  Iro- 
quois fired  their  guns  in  the  air,  as  a  warning 
that  there  was  an  ambuscade. 

Turning  to  the  movements  of  the  provincials, 
we  find  that  Sunday  evening,  September  7th,  the 
English  scouts  discovered  the  roads  which  tlie 
French  had  made  about  South  Bay,  and  gave  in- 
formation of  their  movements.  One  Adams,  a 
wagoner,  volunteered  to  ride  express  with  John- 
son's orders  to  Col.  Blanchard,  directing  him  to 
withdraw  all  his  troops  into  the  walls.  The  wag- 
oner was  captured  by  the  French  Indians,  and 
his  dispatches  carried  to  their  commander. 


LAKE   CIIAMPLAIN. 


115 


On  the  morning  of  the  8tli  a  council  of  war 
was  called,  m  consequence  of  which  one  tliou- 

of  Co  .  Wdhams  and  Lieut.-Col.  Whiting,  with 
two  hundred  Indians,  led  by  Hendridc  and 
Capts.  Parrel],  Stoddard  and  McKinnis.  They 
marched  between  eight  and  nine  o'clock 

Meanwhile  Johnson  ordered  a  rude '  breast- ' 
work  to  be  constructed  of  felled  trees  and  the 
wagons  and  bateaux.  He  also  hauled  tiie  can- 
non  around  from  the  lake,  and  placed  then,  in 
position  pointed  toward  tlie  river  road  f  The 
command  of  Col.  ^Yilliams  marched  in  two  divis- 

Lieut.Col.  Whiting.  They  proceeded  to  Rocky 
Brook  about  two  miles,  where  Williams  halted 
until  the  other  division  came   up,   when   the 

^rrdZ;    ^'f "''  "''^"  '''  "''^^  "^^^-^  ^-  opinion  in" 
gard  to  the  number  to  be  Bent  out,  is  said  to  have  presented 

TlZT^Zr-  'f'  '°'^^-    ^'-  ^^  «ff-d  a  bundle* 
*i  1       ,  '     ^^  Hendrick  "you  propose  to  liavo 

t  Thi.  and  the  action  wl>lcl,  followed  wa,  on  the  Bite  of 
Port  «e„,8.,  and  w„een  that  and  the  .ite  of  For!  W^J 


no 


LAKE  GEORGE   AND 


ontiro  column  moved  on,  preceded  by  the  Indi- 
ang,  lod  by  Ileiidriek,  wlio  was  riding  on  one  of 
(k'W.   Johnaon's    horses.     Unsuspicious   of  tlie 
proximity  of  tlie  enemy,  they  press  forward  and 
tiiitcr  tlio  fatal  defile,  the  Canadians  and  Indians 
buiii^f  c(nicealed  on  either  side  by  thickets,  trees 
and  rocks.     Suddenly  they  were  stopped  by  the 
dlHcliarge   of   musketry  and   the  terrific  war- 
whoop.      The   fire  Avas   immediately  returned, 
and  Williams  ordered  his  men  to  spread  out 
U[)un  the  hill  on  their  right.     Here,  however, 
thoy  were  met  by  the  French  Indians,  who  all, 
0,Kci'pt  the  Iroquois,  poured  a  volley  mto  them. 
Cub    Williams  was,  early  in    the  action,  shot 
through  the  hea<l.*    Ilendrick  had  his  horse 
8ht»t  under  him.     Being  unwieldy,  he  was  not 
ttblo  to  disengage  himself,  and  was  stabbed  with 
a  bayonet. 


*  f'ol.  Kphrnim  Williams  was  a  prominent  actor  in  the 
nmnen  we  commemorate.  In  the  former  war  of  1744  he 
COmiUlthdi-d  the  line  of  forts  on  the  western  side  of  the  Con- 
n0uf,l(!Ut  river,  and  resided  principally  at  Fort  Massachusetts, 
which  Wft«  about  three  miles  east  of  what  is  now  Williams- 
town.  In  passing  through  Albany,  on  his  way  to  the  seat  of 
war,  ho  made  his  will  on  the  23d  of  July.  After  giving  certain 
hiflfaclt'N  to  his  relatives,  he  bequeathed  the  remainder  of  his 
propdrfy  to  the  founding  of  a  free  school  on  the  western 
frontlMri!)  of  Massachusetts,  at  a  place  which  received  the 
Bame  of  Williamstown  in  honor  of  the  donor.    In  1790  the 


KMhXT 

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he 
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LAKE    CirAMl'LAIN. 


117 


Dieskau  having  unloivd  a  o-eneral  attack,  the 
Eii<,Mish  were  (loul)le(l  np  like  a  pack  of  cards, 
and  hastily  retreated.  As  the  firing  a])|)roached 
nearer  tlie  camp,  Jolinson  beat  to  arms,  and 
detached  Lieut.-Col.  Cole,  with  300  men,  to 
cover  the  retreat.  About  ten  o'clock  the  troops 
came  in  in  bodies.  The  breastwork  was  manned 
by  the  whole  army,  mid  a  field-i)iece  advan- 
tageously posted  on  the  left  flank  on  the  rocky 
eminence.  The  following  is  Gen.  Johnson's 
own  description  of  the  battle: 

'^Vbout  half  after  eleven  the  enemy  appeared 
in  siglit,  and  marched  along  tlie  road  in  very 
regular  order,  directly  upon  our  center.  They 
made  a  small  halt  about  150  yards  from  our 
breastwork,  wlien  the  regular  troops  (whom  we 
judged  to  be  such  by  their  bright  and  fixed 
bayonets)  made  the  grand  and  center  attack. 


sum  had  accumulated  to  nearly  |20,000,  $6,000  of  which  was 
used,  with  a  similar  amount  from  other  sources,  in  erecting 
a  large  huilding  for  the  academy.  In  1793  the  academy 
was  chartered  by  the  State  as  a  college,  and  was  called 
Wa  hams'  College.  It  was  a  great  thought  in  the  mind  of 
Williams  to  establish  an  institution  of  learning.  His  fame 
rests  upon  a  more  enduring  rock  than  the  reconnoitering 
Btone  of  a  military  officer,  and  his  monument  is  seen,  not 
merely  by  glances  in  a  mountain  ravine,  but  on  the  hi<rh- 
way  of  nations  and  in  the  heathen  as  well  as  the  civilired 
world.     Van  Rensselaer. 


118 


LAKE    OKOROR    AND 


The  Canadians  and  Indians  squatted  and  dis- 
persed upon  our  flanks.     TI.e  eno.nv's  firo  wo 
received  first  from  tlio  regulars,  in  platoons,  but 
It  did  no  great  execution,  being  at  too  great  a 
distance,  aiid  our  men  defended  by  the  breast- 
work.    Our  artillery  then  began  to  play  upon 
them,  and  was  served  under  the  direction  of 
Capt.  Eyre  during  the  whole  engagement,  in  a 
njannor  very  creditable  to  him  and  those  con- 
cerned in  its   management.     The  engagement 
now  became  general.     The  regulars  kep"  their 
ground  and  order  for  some  time  with  great  reso- 
lution, but  the  warm  and  constant  fire  from  our 
artillery   and   troops   put   them   into   disorder. 
Their  fire  l)ecame  more  scattered  and  unequal, 
and  on  our  left  became  very  foint.     They  moved 
then    to    the  right  of  our  encampment,   and 
attacked  Col.  Ruggles',  Col.  Williams'  and  Col. 
Titcomb's  regiments,  where  they  maintained  a 
warm  fire  for  near  an  hour.     The  three  regi- 
ments on  the  right  supported  the  attack  very 
resolutely,  and  kept  up  a  strong  and  constant 
fire  upon  the  enemy.     About  four  o'clock  our 
men  and  Indians  jumped  over  the  breastwork, 
pursued  the  enemy,  slaughtered  numbers,  and 
took  several  prisoners,  among  whom  was  Gen. 
Dieskau,  who  was  brought  to  my  tent  about  six 
o'clock,  just  as  I  was  having  a  wound  dressed. 


LAKE  •CrrAMPLAIN. 


119 


Tl.o^c^.emont  and  pursuit  eruled  about  seven 
clef.cnbe.1  by  hli.isolf  • 

of  Chovali.r  do  M.,„tr<.,.iII   who  hal  f  ,  i     '  "'"'*""''•' 

gontlomau  was  the  n.xt  to  nT,  in  '  ,^;  T  '"''•  ^"  ^'"« 
to  leave  me,  I  ordered  hil  in  to  K  ""  ""  """""'^' 
-ume  the  connnand.  anT,'.  1^  M  "t^r:;  ^"  ^'.';  "'"^ 
make  the  best  r..tr..at  ho  coukl  b»   tT  necessity,  to 

remove  me     Shortl  v  Z       "'',"*  ^'^  ^'^n'l  'no  some  men  to 

l"m,oneof\vhorlt]7od  TT  ^^^"  ^"-""-  f-m 
to  ™y  .roat  omCZf  a^  T  '  n^'lu"  "'^  'T  '•^^^' 
remove  me  by  him^olf  I  told  1        T,  "'"  "'"^''  ""* 

n.en;bntso^a.;ih::::;';,:::j::^;::j:^ 

'"«  any  thine,,  boin^  soatod  on  groundi  T    ""*  "T 

my  back  loaning  against  a  tree     1^-1  1"'"'  "''^^ 

situation  about  half  an  hourl  saw         ^' /?"'"'^  ^'^  *'''^* 
'li-s  within  ten  or  twe  v   pal  rof  '"""'""  ^"'■ 

l^^l-d  a  tree.     I  n.^je  s  Z  Tl   m  :;;/'''"?  ''""  ^*  '"°' 
fire,  but  he  did  not  fail  to"!  Z     '?  "^^'  '"^"'^  ""*  *" 

n.v  hips.  Leapin,  on  me  H,.:  Jftit  ^r^'.r  '"'' 
ffood  French),  '  Surrender  1'  I  sXlT  't^  ^^"  ^'"'"^ 
-l»y<lia  you  fireat,..?  You  seel, r'l"'''''^' 
.roundbathod  in  his  blood,  and  ^uto  ,7  ^"^  ""  ^'f 
How  did  I  know  but  v„.,  1     ,  '  "°  answered, 

m.n,  then  f  ,  „|„,|       ,  ^ '   ,"'  '""•     '!»««»«  Frond,. 

.e",w,  »i„c„ ,  I  c.„ir;.  ;.;:!;'•'■","  ■"°'°  '""■■ 


!fli 


120 


LAKE   GEOKGE   AND 


i 


tlicir  gonoral,  which  they  did.  On  learning  who  I  was,  ho 
had  me  hiid  on  his  bod,  and  sent  for  snrgoons  to  dress  my 
wounds,  and,  though  wounded  himself,  he  refused  all  attend- 
ance until  mine  wore  dressed. 

"  Several  Indians  entered  his  tent  soon  after,  who  regarded 
me  with  a  furious  look,  and  spoke  to  him  a  long  time,  and 
with  much  vehemence.  When  they  had  departed,  I 
observed,  '  Those  fellows  have  been  regarding  me  with  a 
look  not  indicative  of  much  compassion.'  'Any  thing  else 
but  that,'  ho  answered,  '  for  they  wished  to  oblige  me  to 
deliver  you  into  their  hands,  in  order  to  burn  you,  in  revenge 
for  the  death  of  their  conira<les  and  of  the  three  chiefs  who 
have  boon  slain  in  the  buttle,  and  threaten  to  abandon  me 
if  I  do  not  give  you  up.  Feel  no  uneasiness ;  you  are  safe 
with  me.' 

"  The  same  Indians  returned,  some  time  after,  to  the  tent. 
The  conversation  appeared  to  me  animated  at  first,  and 
became  more  moderate  at  the  close,  when,  smiling,  they  took 
my  hand  in  token  of  friendship,  and  retired.  Gen.  Johnson 
afterward  told  me  that  ho  had  made  my  peace  with  them,  and 
that  they  had  abandoned  all  their  pretensions.  I  observed, 
that  as  ho  was  wounded  himself,  I  was  afraid  I  incommoded 
liim,  and  requested  him  to  have  me  removed  elsewhere.  '  I 
dare  not,'  ho  answered,  '  for  were  I  to  do  so,  the  Indians 
would  massacre  you.  They  must  have  time  to  sleep  "  To- 
ward eleven  o'clock  at  night,  I  was  removed,  under  an 
escort  of  a  captain  and  fifty  men,  to  the  tent  of  a  colonel, 
where  I  passed  the  night.  The  guard  had  orders  not  to 
suffer  any  Indians  to  approach  ^me.  Nevertheless,  one  of 
them  came  next  morning  near  the  tent,  and  the  sentinel, 
seeing  that  ho  was  not  armed,  allowed  him  to  enter,  but  the 
moment  ho  was  in,  he  drew  a  naked  sword  from  under  a 
sort  of  cloak  ho  wore,  and  approached  to  stab  me,  where- 
upon the  colonel,,  in  whose  tent  I  was,  threw  himself 
I)etween  us,  disarmed  the  Indian,  and  put  him  out. 


LAKE   CHAMPLAIN.  121 

removed  toT'"1   """'   ""  '""^^   ^"   ^'^   "^-^^'   '-^^  "« 
removed  to  l„s  house  at  Oranf^e  *  and  at  the  end  of  four 

tior^wi'-'i  f  V'"  ''"  ^'""  "''""'  '"^  ""fortunate  expodi- 
ion  wlu.l,  has  been  unlucky,  not  for  me  alone,  the  English 
hay,n^  lost  a  much  greater  number  of  men  th;n  I  w  ^ 
gaming  an  inch  of  territory." 

Shortly  after  the  commencement  of  the  action 
(xen.  Jo  mson  received  a  painful  wonnd,  which 
obliged  him  to  retire  to  his  tent,  when  the  com- 
mand devolved  on  Gen.  Lyman,  who  behaved 
with  distinguished  bravery. 

The  misfortnnes  of  the  French  were  not  over. 
Col    Blanchard,  at  Fort  Lyman,  having  heard 
the  hring,  dispatched  a  party  of  two  hundred 
aiid  fifty  men  of  the  New  LLampshire  and  New 
York    regiments,   under    Capt.   Maginness   of 
Sciienectady,  with  orders  ^o  proceed  to  the  as- 
sistance  of  the   General.     Having    arrived  to 
where  the  action  took  place  in  the  morning 
they  discovered  the  enemy's  baggage  lying  in 
the  road,  and  at  some  distance,  on  the  top  of  a 
hill,  five  or  six  men  keeping  a  lookout.     Tiiey 
got  between   the  baggage  and  the   men,   and 
advancing  up  the  road,  discovered  a  party  of 


*  Albany. 


11 


122 


LAKE  GEORGE   AND 


\m 


1  \ 


\\\ 


Canadians  and  Indians  to  the  niunber  of  three 
hundred,  sitting  hy  Eocky  Brook  and  the  marshy 
pond  refreshing  themselves  from  their  packs. 
They  attacked  and  defeated  them,  killed  num- 
hers  and  put  the  rest  to  flight. 

The  number  that  fell  at  this  engagement  was 
so  great  that  the  brook  issuing  from  the  water 
was  the  next  morning  observed  to  be  discolored 
with  blood.  Hence  the  name  of  Bloody  Pond 
was  given  to  the  pool. 

Thus  closed  the  battle  of  Lake  George,  com- 
prising three  engagements  in  one  day.  The 
French  loss  was  about  four  hundred  men.  It 
included  La  Gardeur  de  St.  Pierre,  the  same 
who  had  defeated  Washington  the  previous  year 
on  the  Ohio.  That  of  the  provincials  was  two 
hundred  and  sixty-two,  besides  officers,  and 
thirty-eight  allied  Indians.  Among  the  losses, 
in  addition  to  Col.  Williams  and  the  great  Ilen- 
drick,  was  Col.  Titcomb,  Major  Ashley,  Capts. 
Keys,  Porter,  Ingersoll  and  twelve  other  officers. 
The  brave  Capt.  Maginness  died  two  days  after, 
of  his  wounds,  in  camp. 

The  result  of  this  action,  being  in  glorious 
contrast  to  the  disasters  elsewhere,  caused  great 
rejoicing  among  the  English.  It  was  the  event 
of  the  campaign  of  1755.  "  Solitary  in  the 
honor   of   its    military  triumph,    and    shining 


^JMODTC  POND, 


Vr 


HI 

1* 


hi^ 


LAKE  CHAJfPLAIN. 


123 


"..t  bngl.t  as  ihm  from  tl.e  clondfl  of  night,  * 
The  Ho,,      „,.  j^,.^^  ^^j^  ^^  ^  ^ 

Paihament  voted  a  gratuity  of  five  thonsa,,,! 
pounds  to  Gen.  J„l.„s„„,  ,rf,„  was  also  made  a 
baronet  TI.o  Governor  appointed  Tl.ursdav  I,o 
second  day  of  Oetobor,  as  a  day  of  tl.ank.gi  L 
for  the  defeat  of  tlie  enemy.  " 

Two  days  after,  the  General  received  a  depu- 
tation  from  the  Si.x  Nations,  who  informed  hin, 
timt  pursuant  to  their  cnstom  after  an  engage- 
mcnt,  tliey  now  intended  to  return  to  their 
homes,  as  their  loss  was  very  considerable,  both 
m^n,,,n,.rs  and  in  the  personal  consequence  of 


*Rev.C.  Van  Rensselaer. 

t  Rev.  Mr.  nartwick^missionaryto  the  Mohawks  m-itino- 
to  hem  under  date  of  Jan.  15,  1756,  in  regard  to  'he  d      h 

ttr^tlTt'''-'  ''''■■  "L^^^tbeto;our  comfort     a 
.  ne  died  n  a  good  cause  as  a  faithful  ally  and  a  brave  can 

r;  r  IT' T  *'^ '''  "^  ^''°''^'  -^'-  ^^''  --  S" 

MoSrll^r  X Ve tr f '^^™^"  -^  ^  '^^^''^^ 
fo+i  J  ana  as  lie  hath  been  your  brother  rmi,. 

and  their  slaves  will  not  ix>st  satisfied  with  the  little  revonZ 

cit'sX':  I ''°™ '''"'' ''' '-'-' '--  thXir  r 

t^ken  then  r  7"^7  '"'  '''''''  "'^^*  ^^^^ '--«  "nj ustly 
taken,  then  stand  up  for  your  and  your  brethren's  rthts 
and  revenge  the  dear  blood  so  unjustly  spilled  '  "      ' 


'"hi 

m 


" . ) 


;s 


124 


LAKE  GEORGE   AND 


On   tlic  IGth  of   September   Gen.   Johnson 
wi'itoH  to  Gov.  Hardy  that  the  expedition  "was 
likely  to  be  distressed  for  the  want  of  wagons. 
Most  of  the  wagoners  taken   into  the  service 
hrvve  deserted,  the  horses  are  quite  jaded,  and 
gotiio  few  killed  by  the  enemy,  while  several 
hiivo  ran  away.     Most  of  the  provisions  are  at 
Albany,  a  great  part  of  the  ammunition  at  the 
lower  camp  (Fort  Lyman),  and  all  tlie  boats, 
uxeopt  about  1-20.     We  have  only  sixty  wagons, 
und  had  not  two  days'  allowance  of  bread  when 
thoy  arrived.     To  bring  up  a  sufficiency  of  pro- 
visions will  require  500  wagons  -it  least." 

Meanwhile  the  breastwork  was  strengthened, 
mid  carried  quite  around  the  camp,  the  ground 
clcai'cd,  and  a  picketed  fort  built,  which  Col. 
Williams  had  in  charge  till  the  visit  of  the 
enemy  put  an  end  to  his  life.  Flat  bottom  boats 
were  also  built  for  the  transport  of  the  artillery 
and  stores. 

Johnson  has  been  blamed  for  "not  moving 
directly  upon  the  enemy's  works ;"  but  the  rea- 
sons why  he  did  not  proceed  must  be  obvious 
to  every  military  (or  unmilitary)  mind.  1.  The 
French  outnumbered  hira  at  St.  Frederick.  2. 
They  occupied  and  were  fortitying  the  pass  at 
Carillon.  3.  He  had  neither  provisions,  ammu- 
nition or  transportation. 


LAKE  CIIiMPLAIW.  I25 

By  tlie  time  tlio  ro-euforcemcnts  and  supplies 
W  co,„c  „,,,  ,i,e  „„„„e„  „f  eomidering 

Sept.   10th     Tl,e   General  ordered  up   Col 
Blauchard,  ,v,th  l,is  re,,i„,e„t,  fron,  Fort  Ly,na„  * 

2i'Xlr7  """",'•  ''"""■'  «°°--'  J"'">  Stark 
and  otliers  of  revolutionary  fame 

After  tlie   fort  was  constructed,  winch  was 
named  William  Ilenrv  +  t],P  f,.. 
hnnrliwi     1  ^^^."^■> '^  tne  troops,  excei^t  six 

lundiedwho  remained  in  garrison  at  the  two 


11* 


126 


LAKE  GEOKGE 


I 


\\i 


Ecfcrcnces  to  Samuel  Blodgett's  map  of  the 
Second  Exgagemext. 

6.  Canadians  and  Indians, 

7.  French  regulars  attacking  tlio  center. 

8.  Thfc!  road. 

9.  Provincials  in  action  posted  in  front. 

10.  The  trees  felled  for  the  breastworks. 

11.  Cannon. 

12.  A  cannon  posted  "  advantageously  "  on  the  eminence. 

13.  Place  where  Dieskau  fell. 

14.  15.  Canadians'  attack. 

IC.  The  man  that  shot  Dieskau. 

17.  Reserves. 

18.  Woods  and  swamp. 

19.  Morass. 

20.  Cannon  defending  the  flank. 
31.  Baggagv.  -agons. 

22,  23,  24.  Stores  and  ammunition. 

25.  Mortars. 

2G.  Road  to  the  lake. 

27,  28,  39.  Store-houses. 

80.  Mohawks. 

31.  Gen.  .Johnson's  tent. 

33.  Lyman's  regiment. 

33.  Col.  Harris'  company. 

34.  Col.  Cockroft. 

35.  Col.  Williams. 

36.  Col.  Ruggles. 

37.  Col.  Titcomb. 

38.  Col.  Guttridge. 

39.  Officers. 

The  map,  besides  being  very  unique,  possesses  great  his- 
torical value.  Blodgett  appears  to  have  been  a  sutler  for 
the  rangers.    His  name  occurs  three  years  after. 


mirniiinirwai— pj 


'*^^;!;\/^)^''^''X^')i'i6\;'  .  u•.*^•£^,;,^^iE<i^.■ 


,  —J-    «...  »i.,  -  .!_•  I  ^t.    t  y  ,  p  I  ^      ^ 


\ 


* 


i 


'jiSK^-  MlK)^  '^W^  ?•  S.  *r^         ^'  ■•?r^  v*-  rj        •    —      ;     -  ■  *i    «tk 


-^^^jjjma^ 


^fs^^'- 


-^ 


126 

Seco 


^._ 

i 

"    :| 

.Si 

111 

13. 
18. 
1^ 
16i 

n 

IS 

11 

H 

sj 

2 


t     ;i 


CPIAPTER  VII. 

THODAY  -  THOMPSON  _  PUTNAM     Ln  "  "'"'''  '"'-  ^'^  " 

Ens'     WINTKIl      ElfCURSION        ,^,a  '^^"U^I'En  "  *A  ...8  _  Roo- 

c„AMP.A.N-„r:rr;rr«.-^7cUr::"r  --^  ^^'^^ 
.«uNAT„A.r;„r:;™::™:!---"--^ 

1766. 

'>f  the  summer  of  1756,  six  thon.aiid 
troops  were  collected  under  Col.  Setli 
Winslow,  who  commanded  the  expe- 
d.tion  which  the  previous  year  had 
reduced  Acadia.*  At  Stillwater  he'built  a 
stockade  known  as  Fort  Winslow,  which  served 
as  a  depot  for  supplies.f    He  advanced  with  his 


*Beausle.y  Glazier  was  made  the  adjutant-goneral  „f  thn 
force.,  and  Col.  Eloazur  Fitch  the  thir^  in  co^LaTd. 

t  The  fort  was  on  the  elevated  ground  at  the  north  end 
of  the  vallage,  about  where  the  Presbyteri  a  a  church  now 

tZ:\  "f  V'''  ''*  '^'^"  *^^«'  ^  ^«-  -<i«  from  the  river 
were  the  store-houBes.  two  long  buildings,  which  were  k  •  4 

m  good  repair  and  continued  to  be  used  for  the  public  ser 

vice  through  the  revolutionary  war.    J>icmson. 


''*p| 


If 


M 


128 


LAKE   GEORGE   AND 


army  as  far  as  Fort  Edward  and  Lake  George, 
but  his  orders  did  not  permit  him  to  go  uirther, 
and  the  tide  of  war  swept  over  other  portions 
of  the  continent. 

The  two  nations  having  now  each  a  fort  upon 
either  extremity  of  Lake  George,  and  but  thirty 
miles  apart,  the  same  became  a  scene  of  petty 
warfare,  that  has  clothed  every  pass,  island,  river 
and  bay  with  some  tradition  of  hair-breadth 
escape,  heroic  endurance  or  startling  incident. 

1.  From  the  journals  of  the  New  Hampshire 
scouts  we  learn  that  as  early  as  September  24, 
1755,  Capt.  Eobert  Rogers  commenced  his  fa- 
mous partisan  career,  by  setting  forward  with 
two  men  to  reconnoiter  Fort  St.  Frederick,  the 
new  works  at  Carillon,  ana  the  army  there.  Ho 
returned  on  the  25th. 

2.  September  27,  p.  m.  He  set  forward  again 
in  a  birch  canoe,  with  five  men,  to  reconnoiter  the 
encampment  at "  Tirondarogue ; "  past  sundry  Li- 
dian  fires  (their  spies)  by  the  side  of  the  lake  ;  put 
ashore  seven  miles  from  thv  carrying  place  and 
went  forward  on  foot ;  about  ten  a.  m.  they 
came  in  view  of  an  encampment,  on  the  lake,  of 
about  one  thousand  men;  "we  crawled  through 
their  guards  to  wnthin  about  thirty  or  forty  rods 
of  the  encampment ;  there  was  no  fort  or  artil- 
lery there ;  we  retired  and  went  about  a  mile 


ke  George, 
go  further, 
er  portions 

a  fort  npon 
3  but  tliirty 
ne  of  petty 
island,  river 
lair-breadth 

incident. 

Ilampsliire 
ptember  24, 
iced  his  fa- 
•rward  with 
ederick,  the 
'  there.     He 

rvv-ard  again 
jonnoiter  the 
st  sundry  In- 
lie  lake ;  put 
ig  place  and 
I  A.  M.  they 
the  lake,  of 
ded  through 
or  forty  rods 
fort  or  artil- 
bout  a  mile 


-!  i 


li!' 


ii' 


loKAFIi    PUTNAM. 


LAKF.  CITAMPLAIN. 


129 


3 

pi 


and  a  l.alf  further  r,„<l  discovered  their  grand 

thet      ,         '"'^ '•''"''  *'"""<'  "fort  buihli,,.. 
the  e  and  cannon  n,o„„ted ;  by  the  appeara.ue 

ti2::„dt  ™  '';f=""  ""^^  ■"■■«■"•'«  ''^- 

down  Lat  rl  '"'7"'=  '''""  =""'  "'^o  "1'  ^'"' 
Clown  Lale  Chaniphain  ;  on  onr  return  waylaid  a 

canoe  w,th  one  Frenclnnan  and  nine  In  i    l- 

d.sabfed  8,x  and  chased  the  ren^aining  four ' '     ' 

3.  October  7tl,.  Went  out  with  I  party  of 

fl%men,  induding  Capt.  Israel  Putnam -^saw 

0™;^':;  "^"'-^T"^  »<■-<>- Co- 

,      '  f  "■  °f  °™  «'"<"=,  bnt  tliey  would  not  fol 
luw  It;  retnrned  on  the  Uth 

me*n  ^bont'n''  ^"''-i  ^'""  ""■"  °"'  -i"'  8% 
nen,  about  three  nnles  on  the  west  side  of  the 

lake.     Toward  evening  lie  posted  a  sentry  „hr 

Indian  .    Capt.  Syms  ordered  all  to  arms  »rH 

WM^at     tS'rr"F:rGl'.''T     "» 
-together  ^rwJsSlf:;^!?:'^^^^^^^^^^^^ 

I  ordered  them  to  spread  out  in 'tl,e  forn    o    a 

i>alf  moon  m  order  to  discover  the  enen.y     I 

was  deserted  hv  nil  K„f  +,•  .      *^'^^'"y-     a 

euecib^all  but  iive  or  six  men  except 


130 


LAKE   GEOKGE   AND 


the  lieutenant.  On  ni}'  return  to  camp  wo 
found  the  men  in  great  distress,  tying  up  their 
packs,  upon  Avhich  I  doubled  the  guard,  and 
ordered  all  to  stand  their  ground,  upon  their 
peril.  I  could  prevail  upon  but  thirteen  men 
to  proceed  further,  and  therefore  judged  best  to 
return.  I  now  stand  ready  upon  all  orders  to 
pursue  your  commands  to  a  tittle  on  my  part, 
provided  I  can  have  such  materials  as  are  fit  for 
the  purpose;  and^  whenever  I  fail,  let  me  be 
stigmatized."* 

5.  Lieut,  Jelles  Fonda,  with  a  sergeant  and 
twelve  men,  having  orders  to  go  forward  on  the 
scout,  came  upon  a  party  commanded  by  Lieut. 
Van  Scliaick,  and  on  asking  the  reason  why  he 
returned  so  soon,  or  why  they  had  not  pro- 
ceeded, stated  that  one  of  their  men  was  sick 
and  un^t  to  proceed.  He  then  came  up  with 
the  party  above,  commanded  by  Capt.  Syms. 
He  o;ave  them  orders  to  march  forward,  which 
Lhey  all,  excepting  two,  refused  to  do.  He  then 
directed  his  own  party  to  take  their  blankets 
and  provisions  and  go  forward,  whicli  they 
refused  to  give  up  excejit  to  their  own  ofiicers. 

Fonda  says :  "  I  then  called  and  said,  'All  you 
that  are   cowards  come   and  I  will  take  your 

*  Syms'  report  to  Qcn.  Jolinson. 


LAKE   CriAMPLAIN. 


names  down;'  and 

could  see  but  ten  or  Uvoh 


131 


tliej  came  so  thick  that  I 
•e  loft  of  the  Avhole 


er 


party,  who  were  mo. 

asked  the   command.-. 

whether  he  nndorsfood 

^r^vnva.     He  said  he  believed"hj  woul 


:0W  Yorkers.     I  then 

what  he  would   do,  or 

was  to  go 

d  come 


me  that  hf 


—  "v^  >-'<jnuvuu  lie 
back  so  wo  reti,mo,I  to  the  camp  '• 

e  J„   -I''- '■  "•.^"'"-  "»««■'  '""-J  four  n.o„ 
emoarkod  ,„  a  bird,  canoe,  sailed  twontv  fl 

n;.los  landed  on  tl.e  west  sic4  olt^Z'^ 
traveled  l,y  land,  and  on  the  18tl,  arrived  o„    I 
mountain  on  the  west  side  of  Fort  Sf';^;^^^^ 
lay  there  that  night  and  th..  next  dav  !  T  l 

served  the  one,ny's™otions/rthet,:  I 
™.t  down  to  the  houses  that  were  bnil^    ^ 
the  lake,  and  went  into  a  barn  filled  with  wli 
and  proceeded  with  one  man  to  make  f^^S 
diseovenes;  ambushed  within  sixty  rods  of   he 
fort  nntil  about  ten  o'clocl-  •  ;,„!     ,  ., 
in  tlie  fnrt  t    ,      ,  '  J'"*"''  tlie  nnmber 

>n  tl  e  fort  to  be  about  five  hundred  ;  at  length 
a  Trenelnnan  came  out  without  hi  .nn  Sd 
came  w.thin  fifteen  rods  of  us  when  I.^Wth  a  ' 
ot  er,„„n,ra„upto  him  to  capture  him' le 
rrfused  to  surrender,  so  we  killed  him,  and  t'ook 
off  Ins  scalp,  within  plain  sight  of  the  fort  a,ti 
tlien  ran  and  made  our  escane  •  tl,„       '""'' ™'' 

came  in  sight  of  "i:;i:i:;^,:7;"'s''' 

-utain  in  plain  sight  of  th;ir  •;:';:::: 


^SSSSBM 


III 


182 


LAKE   OEOEGT;   AND 


liirgc  encampments  and  jnci^cd  tliere  vtuve  two 
tliottHfind  men ;  got  to  onr  can  es  abour  ciglit 
unlock  in  the  morning  and  found  all  safe  and 
well. 

"i.  October  2i,  Capt.  Doolittle  went  out  to 
Utmll'7n  and  fonnd  that  the  advance  or  fljing 
Ctmip  of  the  F-rtncI,  eompvbing  al)oat  one  hun- 
dred men,  was  o.n  the  west  side  of  the  lake,  below 
the  niitiV/w^. 

8.  Oi'tol)er  26.   Capt.    Heed  passed   over  to 
South  Bay,  ]>ut  made  no  discovery. 
Rogers'  skirmish. 

0.  October  29.  Pursuant  to  orders,  went  down 
the  lake  Avith  the  party  ordered  to  me,  and  on 
tlio  thirty -first  discovered  their  fires  situated  on 
ft  point  of  land  on  the  west  side  of  the  lake,* 
upon  which  we  landed,  on  tlie  same  side,  about 
ft  mile  and  a  lialf  distant  from  their  encamp- 
mont,  and  the  next  morning  sent  out  scouts  for 
further  discovery ;  in  the  evening  Capt.  Fletcher, 
ono  of  the  scouts,  returned  and  reported  that 
there  were  four  tents  and  sundry  small  fires  on 
the  said  point ;  I  then  took  a  bateau,  with  five 
men,  and  went  down  within  twenty-five  rods  of 
their  fires  and  discovered  a  small  fort  with  seve- 
rul  log  camps  within  it,  which  I  judged  to  con- 

*  Probably  at  Friend'?  P^int,  in  Hague. 


LAKE   CIIAMPLALN 


133 


t'"i'    al,uut  a  quarter  of  an    aero      TI 

'""-•1*  ti.e  same  account    fW  ^^''  ^'''^'y 

■'^"""ation  of  the  Z    ^  ''"'""^■^^'^•^J  «-^- 

^''Hvard  unti   ]    V      "'  '  r"'''"'"«"  ^^  ^-'^ 

retreat  he  was  n]  i  ,  ''   '^  "''^^*^  '^'^  lest 

of  t»u  Frond,,,,,,,,  ,""'  '"''^"overy  inaile 

off,  VV1.-0,         X^^^^^^^^ 

»-  a  party  eo,,,,,/  '      „  '"      ""■%'  ''-ro 
'wo  flres ;  on  tln%  T  „  i  '        '■'^'  "^"'"'een 

»drwe;.t\4nt^;r'u;:et'""'''"°"^ 

"lem  to  rout  a,„I  .  ,         """"'^  ^™  P"' 

-^ot-orr^rLxt^rpT'''"'''^-^ 

tl.e  rest  of  our  partvTav     K*^  '''""'  ™'"' 

ti.en,  and  shot  and  li  S  tl,e  !„T  """""'  '"'■ 

o- wan  pieces,  we  Med  t:f:;ir"V-^ 
"Pon  Putnam's  iirino.  ;„*„  ,i    ^  '  '"'* 


i  n 
r 


LAKE   GEORGE   AND 

had  but  jnst  time  to  shove  his  bateau  into  the 
water  and  get  into  it  before  tlie  enemy  were 
upon  the  water's  edge  and  opened  a  brisk  tire 
upon  him;  shot  through  his  blanket  in  several 
places,  and  through  the  bateau.     ^Ye  pursued 
their  canoes  to  within  about  eighty  rods  of  their 
fires ;  discovered  a  number  of  men  within  forty 
rods  of  us  on  the  shore,  on  each  side,  gave  them 
each    a   broadside   which   sent   them   into   the 
bushes,  and  gave  us  a  clear  passage  homeward. 
Had  one  wounded  after  an  engagement  which 
lasted  two  hours. 

to.  T^ov.  2.  TIendrick  and  Nicklas,  two  Mo- 
hawks, went  upon  a  scout  toward  Crown  Point 
and  Carillon,  but  made  no  fresli  discoveries; 
returned  on  the  11th. 

11.  Nov.  3.  Capt.  Angell  put  out  from  the 
camp,  and  about  seven  miles  out  saw  a  fire  on 
the  east  side  of  the  lake,  on  a  neck  of  lowland. 
About  fourteen  miles,  on  the  west  shore,  saw 
another  fire,  which  he  passed  at  two  or  three 
miles  distant.  The  wind  blew  fresh,  and  it 
rained  and  was  very  dark.  Landed  and  went 
on  to  a  very  high  mountain;  saw  no  smoke, 
only  at  a  great  distance,  toward  Carillon,  and 

returned. 

12.  Nov.  5.  James  Conner,  wath  five  men, 
went  out  to  discover  the  position  of  the  enemy's 


L  into  tlie 
iny  were 
brisk  fire 
11  several 

pursued 
,h  of  their 
;lnn  forty 
;ave  them 

into  the 
omeward. 
2nt  wliich 

,  two  Mo- 
wn Point 
scoveries ; 

,  from  the 
r  a  fire  on 
f  lowland, 
shore,  saw 
o  or  three 
i[\,  and  it 
and  went 
no  smoke, 
irillon,  and 

five  men, 
;lie  enemy's 


LAKE   CIIAMPLAIN.  135 

advanced  eau.p.  Lay  at  tl,e  moutli  of  the  X-u- 
i-ows  that  n  .r]it  All  novf  i  i  "yc.xai- 
'"oj  "Uout  seven   o  fnci-    +i 

fl-.k  fl.'Os,  and  .aw  thorn  .-elieviug  tl.oi  ".an 

wt,  pickets  an.l  .everal  log-l.ouses  ;  j„J  ,,.,    ,' 

a     tie    bateau;    lay  still  till    about    twelve 
■ff  "'  "■?'"•  "-  -'  "ff;  at  tl„.ee  „V1    , 

Wf  „„  l,„u,.  aftenvanl  heard  a  whoopiu.  of' 
III  lians  o„  the  west  side  of  the  lake  •  k,.?/ 

-- watch  till  ,„o..ui,.,,  aud  ti:t^:.et:;.;L: 

13.  Nov.  8.  Jliehaol  Tho.lay*  was  sent  out 
on  a  scout  to  South  Bay  „„d  the  fall  Tl  I 
e.eek(Wbitchal,).     DisloVe.-ed  fo.ffi^IS 

ee  FrenclMueu  by  ,he  rise  of  smoke  frou,  a 

tlehuton  aside-hill;  lay i„a„,b,„b., bo   ,y 
l.e  sentry   discovered    four  of   thou,    com! 

""";  "  '-"^  <"•  '^™  of  Wm,  but  l,avi„„  a  "  'If 
cold   he   was  seized    with   a    fit   of  ™„„.in',r 

although  he  put  his  hand  to  his  mouth;'      : 


1  hoclav's  na'i;'^  nnnnoKa    ~„ 


13G 


LAKE   GEOKGK   AND 


l  i^ 


.  I 


whicli,  tl.i  ilsitig  l.e  was  (Hscovered,  he  firorl 
iq^on  tlieri;  one  dropped  and  screm  ..i  ..ut  .ut- 
terly.    The  party  then  returned. 

li.    Xt'v.   13.    Sergeant   Thompson,   of  the 
Tlbode  I.l.aid  regiment,  witli  four  men,  went 
d-)wn  the  lake  at  seven  o'cloelc  in  the  evening. 
Landi-  i    on   an    island    iibout   eight  mih  s  oif; 
struck  up  a  fire  and  had  supper,  when  Conner 
joined  the.n,  and  they  set  off  to  a  small  island- 
about   a  mile  this  side  of  the  ^^arn.ws;  went 
ashore  and  reconnoitered  ;  then  wont  a-ound  the 
island  twice  in  a  bateau,  hy  which  time  it  was 
sunri  =c,  and  iun^ediately  a  large  white  flag  was 
hoisted  on  a  point  of  the  main-land  on  the  east 
side  of  the  lake,  supposed  to  he  a  signal  of  the 

enemy. 

15.  15th.  Capt.  Israel  Pv.lnam  and  Stephen 
Schuyler  passed  over  to  South  Bay ;  rent  down 
thelake;8awalaro.   hody    i' duck     and  geese, 

but  no  enemy. 

16  17th.  Capt.  ^p^■^  with  a  party,  went 
down  the  wagon  road  a^^out  three  miles,  turned 
to  the  east  and  north,  and  returned  to  th^  camp. 

17  Jan.  29,  1750.  Capt.  Eol>-rt  JCogers  set 
out  with  a  party  of  fifty  men  ■  -.ow-,hoes  to 
look  into  Tort   St.   Frederick.      Ch>     Hrst  day 


*  Possibly  Dome  island. 


LAKE   CHAMl'LATN. 


187 


tliey  Miarchod  eiirliteen  miles,  anil  so  proceeded 
till  Fobniary  2>l,  when  they  "(Clambered  up  a 
great  niountain  west  of  Crown  Point,  and  gave 
it  the  Jiame  of  Mt.  0</den.     Took  a  particular 
view  of  the  fort  and  redoubts,  and  in  the  even- 
inor  came  down  ;  inarched  through  a         ill  vil- 
lage to  about  half  a  mile  of  the   fort   to   the 
southwaru  ;  then  lay  in  andjushtill  nine  o'clock 
in  the  morning,  when  a  Frenchman  came  along, 
whom  we  captured.     Two  more  came  alon<r,  but 
discovoring  our  ambush,  made  their  escape.'    So, 
being  di  covered,  we  imiiiediately  set  tiro  to  the 
barns  an  '    ouses,  where  there  was  an  abundance 
-f  wheat  ai.:^  other  grains.      We  killed  their 
cattle,  hors^     ;  -id  hcgs,  in  number  about  fifty, 
and  about  eleven      -lock  of  the  5th  of  Febru- 
ary, set  out  homewu  vl." 

18.  June  20.  Pursuant  to  an  order  from 
Major-General  Shirley,  Capt.  Rogers  set  out 
with  a  party  of  fifty  men,  in  five  whale-boats, 
and  proceeded  down  Lake  George  about  twenty- 
five  miles,  then  landed*  and  took  their  boats  six 
miles  o\  er  a  mountain  to  South  Bay,  whore  they 
arrived  July  3d,  and  pas  ed  down  Lake  Cham- 
plain  to  within  six  miles  of  Ticonderoga.  July 
4th,  in  the   evening,  they  set  out  again,  and 


*  At  Bosom  Bav. 


f  !\ 
■  i\ 


■j.  a 


12* 


138 


LAKE   OEOKOE   AND 


I  ; 


passed  by  Ticonderoga,  altlion«jjh  tlicy  went  so 
near  as  to  hear  the  sentry's  watchword.    Judged 
the  nnml)er  of  the  enemy  to  be  about  two  thou- 
sand; "h.auleduput  (hiyliu;ht  iivc  miles  from 
the  fort;  hiy  quiet  all  day.     Gth.  Saw  near  a 
hundred  boats  pass,  seven  of  which  came  near 
US,  and  asked  to  land  at  the  [)oint  where  we  lay, 
but  their  ofHcer  went   furtlicr  on,  and  landed 
about  t^venty-five  rods  from  us,  and  dined  in 
our  view.     About  nine  o'clock   i',  m.  set   out 
again ;   ])assed  the  fort  at  Crown  Point  about 
ten  miles,  and  hauled   up  the  boats  at  break 
of  day.     7th.  Set  out  again ;  proceeded  fifteen 
miles  further  down,  and  went  ashore  upon  a 
point  upon  the  east  side  (Otter  creek),  and  sent 
a  party  further  down  the  lake  for  discovery. 
About  three  o'clock  two  lighters  came  up  the 
lake,  who  we  found  intended  to  land  where  we 
were.     We  fired  upon  the  vessels,  and  oifered 
them  quarter  if  they  would  come  ashore,  but 
instead  they  put  off  in  their  b<iats  to  the  oppo- 
site side,  but  we  intercepted  them,  and  found 
twelve  men,  three  of  which  were  killed  and  two 
wounded.      One   of   the   wounded   could    not 
march,  therefore  put  an  end  to  him  to  prevent 
discovery.     As  soon  as  the  prisoners  were  secure, 
we  employed  ourselves  in  sinking  and  destroy- 
ing vessels   and    cargoes,   which   were   chiefly 


r-AKR   CIIAMrLAI.V. 


189 


V  eat    flour    ru-o,  wine,   and    brandy,   cx.opt 

somofcu'casksofthcwine  and  brandy,  wl.Ich 
we  Ind  ,n  very  secure  place.,  with  our  whalo- 
m  .,  at  some  distance  on  tbe  opposite  sbore. 
On  the  rnorn.nc.  of  the  8tli  we  set  forward  on 
our  return,  and  pursued  our  march  till  the  l'>th 
wlien  we   arrived   on   the  west   side  of  like' 
Wgo,  about  twenty-five  miles  from  the  fort 
Here  we  sent  Lieut.  Ko-^ers  for  bateaux  and 
provisions  to  carry  ns  in  by  water  '' 

Meanwhile  tlie  FrendMvere  noi  idle,  and  up 
to  the  close  of  June  had  brought  in  seventy-five 
l-soners  and  forty-five  scalps,  two  of  whom 
were  otticers. 

19.  At  the  end  of  J„ly,  a  Canadian  officer  on 
ji  scout,  near  Fort  A7m.  Henry,  met  two  English 
bateaux  with  tlurty-five  men;  killed  thirty  and 
captured  five.  *^ 

20.  Aug.  6.  Capt.  De  la  Columbiere,  at  the 
lead  of   sixty  men,   stopped   sixteen   Eno-Ush 

horsemen  on  the  road  near  Lake  George:  Idlled 
nine;  took  seven  prisoners;  and  brought  horses 
and  plunder  to  Carillon. 

During  the  year  the  French,  under  the 
rlji-ection  of  their  chief  engineer,  M.  de  I  ot- 
bniiere,  completed  their  fortress  at  Ticonde- 
loga;  although  it  was  claimed  that  it  was 
improperly  located  and  faulty  in  construction 


140 


LAKE   GEOEGE   AND 


'in 


In  October  "WinsluM'  retired  from  Fort  Edward, 
and  the  troops,  except  wliat  were  required  for 
garrison  duty,  were  disbanded.  De  Levi  also 
withdrew  his  outposts  from  Lake  George,  and 
broke  np  Ids  encampment  at  Carillon,  not,  how- 
ever, before  the  snow  was  a  foot  deep,  and 
retired  to  Montreal. 

21.  January  21,  1757.  Major  Rogers,  with 
Lieut.  Stark,,  of  Blanchard's  regiment,  set  out 
on  a  reconnoisance  and  for  the  purpose  of  taking 
some  prisoners  at  Crown  Point  or  Ticonderoga. 
At  a  place  since  known  as  Putnam's  Creek,  on 
Lake  Champlain,  they  aTObushcd  a  merry-making 
party  who  were  convoying  some  provisions  from 
St.  Frederick  to  Carillon  ;  seven  of  the  sledges 
were  captured,  with  twice  the  number  of  horses. 
The  news  was  borne  down  to  M.  de  Lusignan, 
the  connnandant  at  Carillon,  who  swiftly  sent 
out  an  avenging  party  of  two  hundred  and  fifty 
men  to  intercept  thum  ;  they  overtook  the  in- 
truders about  three  o'clock,  who  retired  to  a 
rising  ground  ;  they  received  the  iirst  fire  when 
not  twenty  feet  from  the  enemy ;  Pogers  was 
wounded  on  the  wrist  and  also  on  the  liead,  and 
the  command  devolved  on  Stark,  who  kept  .up 
a  steady  fire  from  two  o'clock  nntil  sunset. 
While  encouraging  his  men  a  bullet  struck  the 
lock   of  his  gun   and   shattered   it  in   pieces. 


11 J 


LAKE   CIIAMr'L.vr.V.  ]  .n 

SpWnging  fonvunl  on  a  reeling  FivncLnrin  l,o 

Wil  ia,„  Hem"  " ""J  ".''"^^ l'".«''«"  ''>"™,d  to 
set  out    ",r    .  '*'=^'™'""^'  1'°  "ith,„,t  .M.y 

;'n-*.o,  t,.e,.e,.,  ;::!:;,;■,  ;;--;>■- 

19.  In  the  montli  of  Febnnw  n,. 
-  «^ted  out.  Montreal  t::^-,-^-; 


*H(.a(lley. 


t  '.  st.  : 


f' 


II  ^ 


142 


LAKI<:   GEORGE   AND 


William  Henry.  It  was  conii)03ecl  of  five  com- 
panies of  picked  men,  from  the  regiments  of 
regulars,  three  liundi-ed  of  the  Colonial  troops, 
six  hundred  and  fifty  militia  and  tliree  hundred 
Indians  ;  the  whole  comprising  fifteen  hundred 
men,  under  the  connnand  of  licgazzd  De  Vau- 
dreuil,  brother  of  the  Governor-General  of 
Canada;  tliey  marched  in  four  divisions  and 
rendezvoused  at  Carillon. 

March  15.  The  entire  body  of  troops  moved 
out  "  on  snow-shoes,  carrying  their  provisions  on 
sleds,  drawn  by  dogs,  and  sleeping  in  the 
snow  upon  a  bear  skin,  under  a  simple  sail  to 
kee])  off  the  wind."-  On  the  17th,  at  seven 
o'clock  in  the  evening,  they  arrived  within  a 
league  of  AVilliam  Ilenry.f  Captain  Toullan- 
ing,  with  two  other  officers,  was  dispatched  to 
reconnoiter  the  fort,  from  a  hill  by  which  it  is 
commanded.:}: 


*  Montcalm  to  Argi^nson,  Doe.  x,  547. 

t  Probably  Rattlesnake  Hill.     Ed. 

t  While  going  his  rounds,  on  the  evening  of  the  sixteenth, 
Capt.  Stark  overheard  a  squad  of  his  men,  who  were  of 
the  Scotch-Irish  rac,  planning  a  celebration  in  honor  of  St. 
Patrick,  for  the  next  night.  He  afterward  said  he  had  then 
no  presentiment  of  approaching  danger,  Init  disliked  these 
wild  Irish  demonstrations.  Ho  thorcfoiv  called  for  the 
ranger  sutler,  Samuel  Blodgett,  and  gave  liim  directions  to 


LAKE   CirAMPLALY. 


143 


t..e tto^ °'"  ^'"'""■"""  -'  «■■"  '»  --  of 


rations 


deliver  tlie  rangers  .,.,,,  , 

eveiiino-  „f  the  seventeontli 

a  M.ritt..n  order  from  Imnseir^orihi;"'  "•  '""T  ''"'''''''' 

to  bis  quarters  diro.  ,  f       *  '^'''''''"^  ^'«  ^^ti^ed 

applicant;;^ r.^  'I,  ::  -^^-b-sergoant  to  sa,  to  al, 

bunk  with  a  lame  r  r  .        T'  ^''  "'"''  ^™«"°'l  ^o  i.is 

The  Irish  ",.,f;*  'T-  '"'  "°"''  ""^  ^«  ^^'^^-b^^J. 

on  the  nii  ^o    ho  i  t"  h""7'  "'  ^'^^^^  -^^l'^^'  «^'  -- 

-.-ht  and'duX  hTon  •  ""f '"^  "^^"^  '^'-"«'^  *'- 
and  his  Wife  S  1  "  S  ::f  '7  ^'^  ^-»-  «f  ^t.  Patrick 
of  tiie  day  coa  1  fi!  "„  ^^^'^^^'''^^k  so  freely  that  the  officer 

-ger, B^^^tie ;:;:::;  "^"^'!^'^^^"--i>'-s.  ^'^- 

the  san;.  privHeg  T  '  1  7  ".-'7"-  themselves,  desired 
and  the  canta  n^  n „  "''  "^'"""^''^  "^"'^  "^  ^^'^  ^-r-h-rs. 

order.  T "e  r^eaJ  T  T''  '""^"  ^^  *^^'^'"  '"^  "'■'ttea 
was  co„  ed  fth  a  ,  fl  '^  ''^^"^'  ^"^  "*-^'  -  1- 
not  write.  The  s  hhc':  f  f '^'  '''"?  "^^'^  '"'"'^'  "^^  -'''^^ 
di^appointmenur  ;^^^^:r  ^^^  ^l^'  I^^  ^  ^'"'^^ 

morning  of  the  ei...tLth/a  ^J  ge™      ;  :  r':h""  '" 
parts,  observed  a  li.^ht  unon  tl,..,  V  ,  "■'""- 

became  aware  that  T  L    f  " '  ''"'^  '"""  "^''t^'rward 

'•anger  captain      The  f         ,  "'T  '*  ""'^  conveyed  to  the 

fumes  of  lio.^;  Z  TT      "'  '""-"'^  '"^^'l-*«<i  the 

.arrisonwarioon  : L:^,r       °'"^'  -^-''--»kI  the 
(-onajtjon  tor  a  rigorous  defense. 

Caleb  Stark. 


mi 


144 


LAKE   GEORGE   AND 


20tli.  He   invested  tlie  fort  and  detached  a 
l)arty  of  Indians  on  the  road  leading  to  Fort 
Edward  to  cnt  off  the  eomninnication.     On  the 
niglits  of  tlie  20th  and  21st  thej  burnt  all  there 
was    outside  the  ramparts,  consisting  of  three 
hundred  bateaux,  four  sloops  of  ten  and  sixteen 
guns,  two  long  boats  of  fifty  oars,  a  saw-mill,  a 
large  pile  of  building  timber,  three   hundred 
cords  of  fire-wood,  two  magazines  full  of  provis- 
ions,  including  four  hundred  barrels  of  flour, 
military  stores  and  effects,  and  a  small  stockade 
with  a  dozen   houses,  which  served  as  a  hospi- 
tal.-^    They  retired  with  a  loss  of  five  killed 
and   two  wounded.     The  fort  at  the  time  was 
under  the  command   of  Lieut.-Col.  Eyre,  "en- 
gineer in  ordinary,"  who  built  the  same. 

July  21.  Chevalier  La  Corne  and  M.  Con- 
treveur  took  their  departure  from  Carillon,  at 
the  head  of  a  flying  camp  of  500  Canadians 
and  200  India)is,  and  moved  up  to  South  Bay 
to  observe  the  motions  of  the  English  troops 
between  Fort  Edward  and  Lake  George.  At 
Half-Avay  brook  they  fell  upon  a  train  of  wag- 
ons,  under    convoy  of  a   body  of  troops,   who 


*The  remains  of  one  of  the  schooners  can  now  bo  seen 
on  a  still  day,  at  the  north-east  of  Fort  William  Henry,  in 
about  twenty  feet  of  watm-. 


stached  a 

g  to  Fort 

On  the 

;  all  there 

of  three 
id  sixteen 
Lw-mill,  a 

hundred 
of  provis- 

of  flour, 

stockade 
5  a  hospi- 
^•e  killed 
:ime  was 
rre,  "  en- 


M.  Con- 
I'illon,  at 
anadians 
>uth  Bay 
:i  troo])8 
•ge.  At 
of  wag- 
ps,   who 


w  bo  6ceu 
Henry,  in 


n 


rl'iir 


OANAOHSIONr!,  OB  PUT'S  BOCK,  ON  LAKE  CHAMPLAIN 


j9, 


KE  CHAMPI.AIN 


145 


I-AKE    CUAMPLAIN.  ^^, 

little  resistanoe  tC  I' ■  ^''"'""""■^ '"a.le  but 

l>a«te„ed  overland  ,o  tl,e   Two  1^^        "'  "'"^ 
eigl.t  milea  below.    lie,!",!-         ""''''  """"" 

-P.-o<l  .he  bateaux    w::-,r:Tl"'""^ 
uiisuspicions  of  rl,^  I'lunder  and 

tl.em  a  well  dL^^e  ed  :     ^^  ''"'S"''^  l'""'-^  into 

^■O'-e  sunk  bm  d  T""  <"■  "'«  ''^^ 

-a,-nde/XfX:,,^,";-l-viud,tl,e 
cseaped  to  Carillon  „,vr  r,  •  l'"««'«g<.,  a„d 
disaster.     tC'IZ       "  T''''^^'"'  «f  ^''^ 

Xi:^;:r,nTi:-4-"u-" 

Indian,  oa^e^v   '  ^-onT '"'  ,"'"  ^'•«"''''  »"d 

Patingant^vt:''''!"'"'"'.™''"'- 
offered  until  the  ^n.  resistance   was 

when  from  the  can!''  "^^  ""™  P"'"'  ^'■°'' 
forth  such  a       wTr™    .r'  "r'^'^  "''^  »" 

oonfusion.    Men  ler',  !"  d''      ™  "'""  """ 
,3      "'^  *™  dropping  overboard 


146 


LAKE   GEORGE 


from  the  enemy's  boats,  and  of  twenty  Indians 
in  one,  only  five  remained.  Tliey  soon  drew 
back,  and  the  rangers  passed  on  without  further 
molestation,  with  a  loss  of  one  man  killed  and 
two  wounded. 

22.  A  considerable  detachment  of  Canadi- 
ans and  Indians,  under  Capt.  De  la  Pierre, 
caused  the  provincials  to  abandon  some  of  the 
islands  in  Lake  George  where  they  had  estab- 
lished themselves. 

23.  Lieut.  Marin,  having  been  detached  witli 
one  hundred  men  to  reconnoiter  the  camp  at 
Fort  William  Henry,  captured  and  killed  a 
party  of  fifty-two  men  and  three  officers,  only 
one  of  wiium  esca})ed. 


i 


CIIAPTKU  VIII 

-™ .™  .,..»,;:-:—■  ;=,■—=.-■• 

4(!f      ^^^""«»l"'."l>l'ointingl,imt„th,.<.o,„- 
"       '"""d  of  the  troops  i„  Canada,  which 

Baron  njT""  ™. ""'  ''^'  "'"  ""i"'""  ">'  '''^ 
J..aion  Deiskau,  was  issnod  March  1.  me  » 

He  was  aocon.panied  hj-  the  (^hevalier  ,le  Levi 
br^,er.generai,  and  Col.  Sienr  Bclhnaqne ,' 

ui  -  anuiac,   near  ^^anus    1719       *+  +i 
fourteen  he  co„.„ienced  Li«  n^ilitar^  Lef    He'  b"" 
colonel  in  1745     Keceive,!  ti  .  ,  **  ^*'''^'"« 

Placensia,in  Ital/ J  .n  "g    rJ  ""?'"  i«  the  battle  of 
174T,  in  which  vearl.  '  '"''^  *''"'  ^'^  Pio.ln.ont, 

hp  «-„.  '        ^  '""^  apixjinted  brigadier     In  n-ifi 

of  rz:T?T-r'^''""'--^-  «^^""-^ 

"larfe  by  a  .liell  r/.      u         "  "''^^  ^'"'•'*^*^  '»  ^  ^ole 

ti^e  field  of  hono;;.   '"'''"'  ^'^  ^  ^^-"-  -'-  ^iecl  on 


p 


m ' '' 

WSi'    ' 

WgrS  ' 

Hl'^' 

j 

^m''   ■ 

^■B 

1 

i  ; 

It  ' 

11 

IH  t 


148 


LAKE   GEORGE  AND 


also  by  two  additional  regiments,  which  arrived 
at  Quebec  by  tliree  s]ii[)s  of  war,  and  three 
frigat(;s,  on  the  12th  of  May. 

August  10th.  Montcalm  invested  Oswego. 
In  his  train  of  artillery  were  six  brass  pieces, 
captured  from  Gen.  Braddock.  Col.  Mercer, 
the  commander  of  the  fort,  v  as  killed  on  tlie 
thirteen cli,  and  the  next  day  the  garricoii  sur- 
rendered. Hard!  jiad  the  fort  capitulated, 
when  the  Frericli  r-ijian?,  exasperated  by  tlio 
loss  of  some  of  ;  b.-r  braves,  nttered  their  terrific 
war-cry,  and  with  t'm  tomahawk  and  knife  were 
about  to  fall  upon  the  unarmed  prisoners.  The 
massacre  that  would  have  ensued  was,  however, 
prevented  by  the  prompt  action  of  Montcalm, 
who  ordered  out  a  file  of  men  and  commanded 
them  to  fire  upon  his  red  allies.  Six  of  the 
savages  fell  dead  upon  the  spot,  and  the  remain- 
der, uttering  threats  of  vengeance,  sulkily  put  up 
their  kniveS,  and  skulked  back  to  their  quarters.* 
The  fortresses  were  leveled  to  the  ground,  and 
Oswego  was  left  a  solitude,  unbroken,  save  by 
the  hooting  of  the  owl  or  the  scream  of  the 
panther.  Keturning  triumphant,  Montcalm  lost 
no  time  in  arranging  for  the  expedition  against 
Fort  William  Henry.     At  Montreal  he  held  a 


■  Stone's  Life  of  Sir  Wm.  Johnson,  ii,  23. 


LAKE   Cir.iMPLArN. 


140 


counoil  of  Indi 


a 


U'lr 


^.  f     .     .    ,  ''"  ^'''*''''  ff^t^icred  from  Xo^ 
^eot.a   to  Lake    Sup^-rior,    min^^lin.    in 
dancos  and  chantin.  their  war-son^..     J„ly  i^ih 
;o  proceeded  up  Lake  O.a.nplain^o  For[  Ca  - 
on  aeeompanied  by  .var.iors  of  the  following 


tribes: 

Abeiiakis, 

Amelecites, 

Folles, 

ITurons, 

Lonps, 

Mirames, 

Ottawas, 

Pnans, 

Sacs, 


Algonkins, 

Ayetois, 

I'oxes, 

Iroquois  of  the  Soult. 
Micmacs, 
^'"epissings, 
Ouillas, 

Poutonatomes, 
,  ^  »*^antanes. 

In  all  tliey  numbered  1  806 

"  '  m  n'rt  f  "  "f  ■•-'■•"S'PectacIe.  Stand- 
•i«  ip  m  the  bow  of  tlie  canoe,  with  sdm,-  in 
'.and  they  darted  it  with  .on  eT rf^  a'  d  e  , 
and  struck  the  large  sturgeons  [,n„scaIong  .' 
Ed.]  w,tho„t  tl^ir  little  skiiT  (which  the  least 
:?:';■•  ™?"™  ™"W  '-ve  overturned)  a, pa 

■t  wL      ^         •     ^^''  "^'""  ■«  *"'«  fi«>'!ng  was 

Daddl»       ?     fisherman  alone  laid  aside  his 
paddle,  and  a„  ^r^eturn  was  charged  to  provide 


(>t 


:ill 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


// 


// 


V 


^ 


■^ 


4 


(/. 


1.0 


I.I 


'-  IIIIIM 

|50     ™"= 

1^  ilia 

e  IM 

IS        ■■B 


||M 

2.0 


1.8 


1.25      1.4 

1.6 

^ 

6"     - 

► 

pm 


V. 


# 


<? 


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C?/l 


Photographic 

Sciences 
Corporation 


23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14580 

(716)  872-4503 


ij 


r 


I II 


150 


LAKE   GEORGE   AND 


for  tlio  subsistonce  of  all  the  others,  an  office  in 
whoso  duties  he  fully  succeeded.* 

Aftt'i'  beiuj^  six  days  on  the  route,  they  reached 
Fort  (Carillon.  But  scarcely  had  they  begun  to 
diritiujuuish  the  summit  of  the  fortilicationr>, 
when  the  Indians  arranged  themselves  in  order 
of  battle,  each  tribe  under  its  own  ensign.  Two 
huudnni  canoes,  thus  formed  in  Ijeautiful  order, 
furnlKluid  a  spectacle  which  caused  even  the 
French  olHcei's  to  hasten  to  the  banks,  judging 
it  not  unworthy  of  their  curiosity. 

In  addition  to  the  Indians,  the  Royal  army 
was  composed  as  follows :  Regulars,  seven  regi- 
ments, n,OvSl ;  militia  (Canadians),  2,946;  artil- 
lery, ]  88  ;  total,  6,215.  Deducting  the  sick,  the 
iion-offective,  and  the  garrisons  left  behind,  the 
eifootivo  force  amounted  to  5,500  men  ;  adding 
the  Indians,  1,806,  made  the  whole  force  7,306. 

July  2l8t.  A  Canadian  officer,  M.  de  St. 
Ours,  who  was  scouting  on  Lake  George  in  a 
canoo,  with  ten  men,  in  doubling  a  point  of 
land  WMS  ambushed  by  two  English  boats  near 
Harbour  island,  south  of  Sabbath-day  point. 
Ho  j?ainod  the  island,  where  the  English  eagerly 
purnnod  him,  but  he  made  so  vigorous  a 
defonso  that  he  was  allowed   to  embark  and 

*  Jm\x\i  MlSBlons,  by  Bishop  Kip. 


II  office  in 

ey  reached 
'  begun  to 
tilicationr,, 
es  ill  order 
ign.  Two 
il'ul  order, 
even  the 
8,  judging 

oyal  army 
seven  regi- 
946;  artil- 
le  sick,  tlie 
)ehind,  the 
in ;  adding 
brce  7,306. 
M.  de  St. 
eorge  in  a 
I  point  of 
boats  near 
day  point, 
ish  eagerly 
rigorous  a 
nbark   and 


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'jMoNTCAtM'^  ^Attack. 

EXPLANATION. 
Artillery  Cove. 
Road  to  Trench. 

hnte^r'^^Sth,  70  yard« ;  breadth,  30  feet  • 
T  inp  „(^*'  '  ^^^ '  en.braanres,  9  feet       '  ' 

Line  ofTrenches,  578  yards 

heihf  8  f^;7'.'"S?'  ^^  ^'"^^J^  ■>  I'feadth,  26  ft. ; 
T  <„      /?''  °  '6''*  1  eml)raHure8  10  feet 

THrH^'C-^i;^'"'"*^^'  820  yards.    '       ^^*- 

1  nird  Battery— not  opwiod. 

Une^  the  Aill  and  at  the  crest  of  the  Garden, 

Fort  William  Henry. 

Morass. 

La  Come  and  Canadians. 

Fort  George. 

Fort  William  Henry  Hotel. 
irfuce  Honse. 


'^^. 

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w^ 

m<. 

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^te 

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^TP 


IVoiaAi'tuiilSurvov  br 


Artillery  Cove. 
Road  to  Trench. 


%; 


*5^-i 


.^ 


'jVl0NTCAjLM'^    ^^TTACK. 


EXPLANATION. 


First  Battery— length,  70  yard8 ;  breadth,  30  feet ; 
height,  7  feet ;  embrasures,  9  feet. 
C  D     Line  of  Trenches,  578  yards. 

'"       Second  Battery— lengtli,  74  j'ards ;  breadth,  26  ft. ; 
n,  ^      ^ ,    height,  8  feet ;  embrasures,  10  feet. 
B  G     Line  ofAppro'  ih,  820  vards. 
P       Third  Battery— not  opened. 

Line  up  the  HUl  and  at  the  crest  of  the  Garden. 

Garden. 

Fort  William  Henry. 

Vorass. 

La  Come  and  Canadians. 

Fort  George. 

Johnson's  Bncampment  Sept.  8, 1765 

Docks 

Fort  William  Henry  Hotel. 

Lake  House. 


'■0^ 


W^ 


®1^ 


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m 


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M 


M 


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ii!  i  i 


LAKE   CHAMPLAIN. 


151 


quietly  regain  his  camp,  with   a   loss  of  one 
killed  and  three  men  wounded.* 

On  tlie  23d,  M.  Marin,  a  celebrated  partisan 

made  a  bold  dash  at  Fort  Edward.     He  arrived 

in  the  morning,  and  first  cut  off  a  patrol  of  ten 

men,  who  were   all   killed.     The   party  then 

came  up  with  the  guard  of  fifty  men,  whom  they 

swept  away  like  a  wafer.      He  then  advanced 

boldly  up  to  the  fort;  but  the  En-lish    army 

then  formed  in  line  of  battle,  to  the  extent  of 

two  thousand  men,  and,  marching  out  of  their 

intrenchmcnts,  advanced  to  the  borders  of  the 

woods  where  Marin  was  in  ambush,  who  retired 

in  good  order,  losing  but  a  single  man.     He 

returned   with   thirty-two    scalps.      "He    was 

unwilling  to  amuse  himself  making  prisoners, 

and  so  brought  in  but  one." 

The  following  statement  is  made  by  Dr.  Fitch, 
who  refers  to  Dr.  Silliman  : 

John,  son  of  Cybrant  Quackenboss  of  Albany,  was  im- 
pressed, with  his  team  and  wagon,  to  convey  a  load  of  pro- 
visions to  Lake  George.  He  was  captured  by  a  formidable 
party  of  Indians,  who  previously  had  waylaid  sixteen  others 
Ihe  prisoners  were  taken  to  where  the  village  park  in 
Sandy  Hill  is  now  situated,  but  which  was  then  a  secluded 
spot  in  the  woods.  Here  they  were  securely  tied  and  seated 
upon  the  trunk  of  a  fallen  tree,  with  two  or  three  Indians 
left  to  guard  them;  Quackenboss  being  at  one  end,  and  a 


*  Jesuits  in  America— Father  Roubard.    JSTtp. 


162 


LAKE  GEORGE   AND 


soldier  named  McGinness  beinj?  next  to  him     One  of  the 
savages  now  went  to  the  opposite  end  of  the  log,  and  delib- 
erately sank  his  tomahawk  into  the  head  of  the  nmn  there 
seated.    The  victim  fell  to  the  earth,  and  the  next  man 
shared  his  fate,  and  so  in  succession  the  rest,  until  it  came 
the  turn  of  McGinness.    He,  with  the  suddenness  of  a  pan- 
ther, threw  himself  from  the  log,  in  an  endeavor  to  break 
his  bonds  — but  in  vain.    Instantly,  on  every  side,  a  dozen 
tomahawks  were  uplifted ;  but  the  poor  fellow,  lying  upon 
his  back  and  spinning  around  like  a  top,  thrust  his  murderer 
off  with  his  feet,  till,  hacked  and  mangled,  liis  efforts  became 
more  feeble,  when  a  blow  was  aimed  at  liis  head,  and  all 
was  over.    The  teamster  now  only  remained.    Already  the 
fatal  hatchet  was  raised  for  the  last  and  final  stroke,  when 
the  arm  by  which  it  was  wielded  was  suddenly  caught  aside 
by  a  squaw,  who  exclaimed:  "You  shan't  kill  him.    He's 
no  fighter.    He's  my  dog."    He  was  unbound  and  taken  in 
charge  by  his  Indian  mistress,  and  the  party  started  off  for 
Canada.    He  was  shortly  after  purchased  from  the  Indians 
and  brought  to  Montreal.    Desiring  to  communicate  with 
his  family,  he  gave  a  letter  in  charge  of  a  trusty  Indian, 
who  brought  it  as  near  Fort  Edward  as  he  dare  venture, 
and  here,  making  a  slit  in  the  bark  of  a  tree  beside  a  fre- 
quented path,  inserted  the  end  of  the  letter  therein.    It  was 
speedily  discovered  and  forwarded  to  its  destination. 

From  his  mphew,  Jacob  Qmckenboss,  Schaghticoke. 
25tli.  Lieut.  Corbierie,  with  a  force  of  fifty 
Canadians  and  three  hundred  Ottawas,  lay  in 
ambush,  above  Sabbath-day  point,  all  day  and 
all  night.  At  break  of  day  they  discovered  a 
body  of  three  hundred  English  in  twenty-two 
barges,  who  had  left  Fort  William  Henry  the 
night  before.     They  were  under  the  direction 


LAKE  CHAMPLAIN.  153 

of  Col.  Jolin  Parker  and  eleven  officers.    Parker 
had  succeeded  Col.  Schuyler  in  command  of  the 
JVTew  Jersey  regiment,  Schuyler  having   been 
taken  prisoner  at  the  Oswego  surrender.     The 
engagement   was  commenced  with  great  reso- 
lution  on    both    sides,   but    the    R-ench    and 
Indians,    being    in    their    frail    canoes,    could 
have    no    reasonable    hope  of    victory  except 
by  boardmg;  but  the  English  no  sooner  saw 
them  at  nand,  than  terror  caused   them  even 
to    drop    their    arms.      "It  ceased    to    be    a 
conflict,   and   became   only  a    flight."     In   an 
instant  they  were  seen  pulling  in  the  greatest 
haste  for  the  bank,  while  some,  to  reach  there 
sooner,  threw  themselves  into  the  water  for  the 
purpose  of  swimming ;  but  all  in  vain.*     The 
speed  of  the  rowers   could   not   in   any   wav 
approach  the  swiftness  of  a  bark  canoe:     The 
atter  sails,  or  rather  flies,  over  the  water  with 
the  velocity  of  the  arrow.     The  English  were, 
therefore    almost  immediately  overtaken.     In 
«^e  firs   heat  of  the  conflict  all  were  massacred 
withou    mercy.     Those   who  had    gained  the 
woods  had  no  better  fate.     The  woo'ds  are  t  e 
atural  home  of  the  Indian,  and  they  can  run 
there  with  the  swiftness  of  the  deer.     At  length 


*  Doc.  X,  page  591. 


154 


LAKE   OEOUOE   AND 


(S 


the  Ottawas  tliou-l,t  of  making  prisoners.  The 
numbor  anionntcd  to  one  hundred  and  fifty- 
seven  while  one  hundred  and  thirtj-ono  had  been 
killed  — twelve  only  escaped.  On  the  French 
sule  the  losses  were  nothing:,  only  one  Indian 
be.ng  sl.ghtly  wounded.  At  night  the  Indians, 
having  freely  partaken  of  ardent  spirits,  cele- 
brated their  victory  with  one  of  those  ferocious 
oro-ies  at  which  the  heart  of  humanity  sickens.* 

♦  My  tent  had  boen'placo.l  in  tlio  middle  of  tlio  onca.nn- 
ment  of  the  Ottawas.  The  first  ol.ject  wluch  presented 
.sell  to  my  oyos  on  arriving?  there,  was  a  lar^je  fire,  while 
hewood.n  spits  fixed  in  the  earth  jrave  signs  of  a  feast. 
Indeed  tlK-re  was  one  taking,  place.  But,  O,  heaven,  what 
a  feast  1  he  remains  of  tlio  body  of  an  Englishman  was 
there,  the  skm  strii.ped  off.  and  more  than  one-half  the  flesh 

^T'J\  "'•'?'"'  ''''*'''  ^  ^''''''''''^  *''^«°  '"^^^'"'in  beings 
eat  with  famishing  avi.lity  of  this  human  flesh.     I  saw  them 

taking  np  this  .lotostal.le  broth  in  large  spoons,  and  appa- 
rently ,v,f  boat  being  able  to  satisfy  themselves  with  it.  Thev 
informed  me  that  they  had  prepared  themselves  for  this 
feast  by  drinking  from  skulls  filled  with  human  blood,  while 
their  smeared  faces  and  stained  lips  gave  evidence  of  the 
_nthof  thestory.     What  rendered  it  more  sad  was.  that 
they  had  placed  very  near  them  some  ten  Englislmien  to  be 
spectators  of  their  infamous  repnst.     I  thought  by  makincr 
8ome    mild  representation  to  these  inhuman  monsters  I 
might  gain  some  hold  upon  them.    But  I  was  only  flatter- 
ing myself     A  young  man  with  a  resolute  air  took  up  the 
conversation,  and  said  to  me,  in  bad  French:  "  You  have 
French  taste ;  I  have  Indian ;  this  food  is  good  for  me  "    He 
accompanied  his  remarks  by  theofler  which  he  made  me  of 


LAKK   C'lIAMI'LAIN, 


165 


Tho  campaig,,  havii.jr  tlnis  o,,cno(l  auspicionsly 
for  the  French,  no  time  was  ]„st  in  en.harkin- 
the  provisions  and  artillery.     The  distrihution  of 
tlie  ariny  was  as  follows :  liij^aud,  the  san.e  who 
had  led  the   expedition   of  tho    winter   before 
against  William  Henry,  occupied  the  head  of 
the  carrying  place  with    the   battalion    of  the 
marine,  the  militia  and  the  Indians.     The  reo-,,. 
lars  were  at  the  Water  Fall,  in  command  "of 
Chevalier  De  Levi,  and  two  battalions  were  still 
at  Carillon  with  JBourlemarpie.     Montcalm  was 
at  the  liead  of  the  carrying  place,  sni>erintend- 
ing  the  transportation.     The  artillerv,  the  muni- 
tions of  all  desc-iptions,  provisions  to  victual 

a  pieco  of  the  broiled  Englinlunan.  I  could  make  no  reply 
to  tins  nrffixmont,  wluch  wan  so  worthy  of  a  savage,  and  it 
may  eas.ly  be  imagined  with  what  horror  I  turned  from  the 
scene.  *  ^s  I  approached  tho  Englisli  ,,nso„ors,  one  of 
tlunr  number,  by  whose  military  decorations  I  reco^mizcd 

dm  ely  formed  to  purchase  him,  and  thus  to  p    „, .  for  Mm 
both  his  liberty  and  his  life.    With  this  view  i  approacla^d 
an  aged  Ottawa,  believing,  that  the  chill  of  age  ,,avin„ 
moderated  his  ferocity,  I  should  find  him  more  favorably  t« 
my  designs     I  extended  to  him  my  hand,  saluting  him 
politely,  in  the  hope  of  gaining  him  to  me  by  kindness  of 
manner.    But  it  was  not  a  man  with  whom  i  was  dealing 
It  was  something  worse  than  a  ferocious  beast,  who  was  not 
to  be  softened  by  these  caresst^.    "  No  "  said  he,  in  a  thun- 
dering and  menacing  tone,  "  No,  I  do  not  at  aJl  wish  your 


itH\ 


I.AKK   OKOR<jE   AND 


tlio  »n,iy  i;„.  „  ,„„„„    j„,„  I,, 

l':;;"r- •,-'■ >-i -o..,  ,v„,.o  b,  IS 

CM     ,„„  „,„■!<.    AMl,o„,„„l,.,.„C„„„ta,™ 
-lll-.."UWth„passa,.„„r,|,„c.n.h-c„n„y, 

«"N  U"  llio  lmi,li„(;,,h„„l,lbe,-e,.,Mn,„it.,r,,i    l,o 

'"';'•'"  '■'™"™"l  0(1)0  Levi,  and  „„der  tie 
'^Mm.     l|„„r  oiHlors  were  t„  „„nvh  two  days 


!!"■",""  , i'"""'""    ' '"'' '""  "''"!'  •<  "■■••"«'. to  wait  till 

....  V „ ";;:  :::;;■«""  »"■""■-■« '  "'PI--'  .i.at 

r.n»uli,  V,l,    ,  '  I>rovi()„B  ovonimr  would 

f" '"  ""'""  '""•'..»  l»is««l  off,  thrir  ...irit,  „„„l,i  I,    ' 

'^ ' "■■"'•■■I. .....1  tl.ci.  Lcrt,  ,„„  0  h„Z„     B„u 

imi  rollcB  of  tho  bod^  of  their  euemy.    I{o,d>ard. 


f'AKK   (!IIAMI'I-AIN. 


ina(Ivnn..(..,rt!uM-o.nivin.K.r..rtI 


157 


to  JU' 


•^'  annj,  in  order 


ki(> 


Iiid 


;nve  siMiiillaueuusly  ut  the  hay  „1''( 


27tli.  Montciilin  held 


'HIIOUH- 


11  f^eiiLTiil  (!(>iin 


'••^>'^,  "t   whlVI.     tho     Muli.M.Stouktl 


<:il  of  tho 


nm.nlim/f  •  "^"""«  took  tl.oir  places 

»;<^"'<Jy.ir  to  tl.e.r  rank,  ui.en  I,c  uv..Ji.,A  ... 
't'ni,  III  the  Kincr'H  name,  tl 


tl 


ot'six  tliousiind  hvad 


'0  I)resented  to 
10  ^rreat  union  belt 


each  other  and  to  hin.,  .o  that  tl 


l«,  to  bind  all  tlio  tribes  to 


foijetl 


;«'T^^^^ 


ley  might  act 


expedition 


oso  of  tho 


2i)th.  i>o  Levi  moved  off  with  his  d 
ni^'lit,  and  encamped  about  Iialf  a  1 


t'»Rporta-o,  at  aplaeo  called 


on    tl 
<letael 


10   western  shoi-e  of  Lake  G 
'  ment  was  composed  of  twel 


«'f  regulars  ;  two  of  tl 


I  vision  at 

fii,nie  beyond 

tlie"  Burnt  Camj)," 

''eor.ro.     This 

ve  co.n])anies 


suur's,  and 


Repent 


10  marine,  La  C 


of  Canadians,  and  siv  h 
'^Otli,  in  the 


i^?njsai'l  Vill 


orne's,  Vas- 


111  or  n 


A^m-nt  Camp  without  fonts,  kettl 


Vill 
the  van 


leur's  r('<,'iment8 

"11   i-od  Indians.     On  the 

iig,  the  detachment  left  the 

OS  or  equipage, 

'orming 


'uirs  volunteers  and  some  Indians  f. 


Canadians  and  tl 
as  flankers.  The 
Roine  and  La  S; 

*  North-west  bay. 


■nard,  the  regulars  in  tl 


10  center  and  tl 


10 


!io  rest  of  the  Indians  marching 
same  day  tho  brigades  of  La 
firre  occupied  the  Burnt  Camp 


14 


158 


LAKE   GEORGE   AND 


while  the  troops  under  Bonrlemaqne  encamped 
at  the  liead  of  the  Portacre, 

On  Sunday  tlie  31st,  the  Indians  who  were  to 
go  by  M-ater  set  out  at  night,  under  command 
of  St.  Luc,  accompanied  by  Marin,  Neverville, 
Langlade,  Laplante   and    Ilerbin,    and    moved 
to  a  point  iihove"Me  a  la  Banjue;'*  w\iqyq 
they  landed  and  encamped.     There  they  saw 
the  proofs  of  the  naval  victory  they  had  gained 
over  Parker,  in  the  abandoned  English  boats, 
which,  after  having  for  a  long  time  been  the 
sport  of  tlie  winds  and  waves,  had  at  last  been 
thrown  upon  the  shore,  and  also  in  the  great 
number  of  the  bodies  of  the  English  extended 
on  the  banks  or  scattered  through  the  woods, 
some  cut  to  pieces  and  all  mutilated  in  the  most 
frightful  maimer.     The  place  assigned  for  the 
camp  was  the  side  of  a  hill  covered  with  bram- 
bles and  the  haunt  of  a  prodigious  number  of 
rattlesnakes,  which  the  Indians  hunted  out  and 
caught. 

August  1.  At  two  o'clock  p.  M.,  the  army 
embarked  in  two  hundred  and  fifty  bateaux  and 
set  sail  in  the  following  order:  A  pontoon,  con- 
sisting of  two  boats  united  together  by  a  plat- 
form, and  mounted  with  a  twelve-pounder,  the 


*Odell  Island,  near  Sabbath-day  Point. 


I'AKE   CIIAMPLAIN.  159 

y^hvB,  the  militia,  tl.o  artillery  wifl,  o  l    • 
aUo  of  U(,yal  P.o„sillon  as  an  escort  fl>n  ,...     •" 
ions,  nuiiined  hv  thn  r       "  ,  ^'^'^' ^''^  provis- 

I     n,  (imi  lastly  tJie  rear  o-nmvi      hm 
""do.'    1,0  „,.,le,-s  of  Captain  Dalnnic-    of  do 
"    ''",'""■*;  <"•«''«'  i"  tl.e  .mcldlo  of  ,I,o         , 

.        "'  "°'"*''  «ove,'n,j;  tlie  ivatere  from  shorn  t„ 
0-,  ,„.o,.t  ,„aje.tically  „p  tl.o  lake  r«r,  o . 
^  '    ..,«  upon  tl,o  monntai,,  tI,o  tlu-oo  nJ^Z 
"'<=  '-•".  of  a  fiangle,  wl.ich  Do  Lo W    "d 
"   »>'  «  BiKnal,  at  tl.rco  o'clock  a    m    t 

-0     ,uGa„ouskioBa,,.totteftVS 

o'<      k  of  tlla/      ■""'''"'■  "'■'■'™'^   ■-"  "'■■'■■ 
wlnVI   .1  ""<"■"»»"  previous,  after  a  march 

fiCi^foti^:;/''?';"'''"^'''"^''-''-^ 

__^_2l!.  ''"""•  ^^' '»"  "'''lock 

•Boltou  Uudiug.  " 


100 


I^AKE  GEORGE   AND 


A.  M  Do  Levi  resumed  liis  march  and  proceeded 
about  three  leagues  to  Great  Sandy  Bay,*  and 
wout  umuodiately  to  rcconnoitcr  tlie  environs 
ot  t  .0  f„rt,  its  position  and  tlie  proper  phice  to 
I'tnd     ho  artillery.     Toward  noon  the  army  re- 
o.uhurked    and  proceeded  leisurely,   to   enable 
tJiO  ijontoons  with  the  artillery  to  keep  up      At 
uvonu.^.  they  reached  the  same  bay  Mhere  the 
M  troops  had  arrived,  but  hhlden  by  a  point 
ofhuul  from  the  view  of  the  English  fort.     A 
It  lo  mculcnt  M-hich  occurred  here  was  the  pre- 
U(  0  of  the  siege;  about  eight  o'clock  two  boats  . 
Bont  out  from  the  fort  appeared  on  the  lake,  and 

q'"nif.y  which  httle  betokened  the  scei.t  of  dan- 
ger.     I  ho  news  was  at  once  imparted  to  the 
Induu.s,  and  the  preparations  to  receive  them 
were  nuulo  with  promptness  and  in  admirable 
s, lonco      One  of  the  barges  had  a  tent  stretched 
over  ;t  winch  formed  a  kind  of  dark  object  in 
ho  a,r    casdy  discovered  by  the  light  "of  the 
htaig      Cunous  to  mvestigate  what  it  could  be 
tl'e  I<  nghHh  steered  directly  toward   this  spot 
H.ght  ohancoof  escapehad  they,  as  tochoose  that 
oourBo  was  t.  rush  on  death.     At  this  juncture 


shlX."" "''  '^''^^"  '''^''  "°"^^'  °«-  ^--  - 


cnown  OS 


I-AKE  CIIAMPLAIN.  Jgi 

a  sheep,  in  a  provision  boat,  liap,)ened  to  blnnf 
and  disclosed  the  a.nbush.     I ,  nXtl     1  ' 

^e^t ':'  """^^  ''-'  -'  ^'^^ 
tlie  opposite  shore,  nsing  their  oars  to  the  utmost 

ately  seei  T  /'^f '"''^"^"^^^  was  imraedi- 
atelj  seen.  Twelve  hundred  savages  were  at 
once  in  mot  on  and  flow  f..  +i  . 

was  d,sc,a,-god.  Tl,e  pm^uers,  „„t  I,a  C  td 
m,o  to  for.,,  feared  to  draw  tl,;  iircpo,  ?),  ^ 
solves,  besides  tliey  wished  tn  *..!.„ 
TJ.  fugitives  e,„pfo,ed  ^il^:  ^,  rC 
fi.lly  in  aecele,.ati„g  ti.eir  flight.  TI,ey  had 
al,n„st  read,ed  the  opposite  "sl,o,-e  w  e„  ,  e 
Indians,  who  poreeived   that  their  ,     y  ,1 

too  Close  by  tl,e  foremost  eanoes,  were  oWI,r.H 
to  -turn  i.  Then  followed  a  fear  ,  sikif 
™,ng  to  a ,  this  nproar.    The  affai™    ! 

W tiled'  :  °'  *'"  ^^>-"-"g..o  tribe 
be  „g  lulled,  and  one  other  wonnded.     Three 

Eng  islnncn   were  taken  prisone,.,  with   tl  er 

boats,   the    rest  were    seattered    through    Z 

14* 


i'  '] 


m 


1G2 


LAKE  GEORGE   AND 


Gen.  Webb*  was  now  in  command  of  the 
English  forces  in  Northern  New  York,  witli  his 
head-quarters  at  Fort  Edward.  ITc  visited 
Lake  George  tlie  hist  of  July,  under  the  escort 
of  Major  Israel  Putnam,  with  two  liundred 
men.  July  31st.  Putnam,  with  eighteen  men, 
in  three  boats,  Avent  down  the  lake  on  a  recon- 
noisanco,  but  had  only  proceeded  twelve  miles 
when  he  discovered  an  advanced  party  of  the 
enemy  encamped  :upon  an  island,  when  he  with- 
drew.    The  next  morning  Webb  returned  to 


*  Lieut.-Gciieral  (Heaven  save  the  mark  !)  Daniel  Webb 
was  ensign  of  tlie  Cold  Stream  Guards.  He  succeeded  Col. 
Dunbar  in  the  command  of  the  Forty-eighth  Foot,  after  Dunba  r 
was  superseded  for  his  cowardice  at  Braddock's  defeat,  and 
arrived  at  New  York  from  England,  7th  June,  1756,  to 
relieve  Gen.  Shirley.  In  succeeding  to  Dunbar's  regiment, 
he  also  inherited  that  officer's  disposition  to  take  to  flight  at 
the  appearance  of  danger,  for,  being  dispatched,  in  1750, 
with  a  considerable  force  to  the  relief  of  Oswego,  as  soon  as 
he  got  to  the  carrying  place,  now  Rome,  he  became  so 
alarmed  at  hearing  of  the  fall  of  the  place  he  was  sent  to 
relieve,  that  he  filled  Wood  creek  with  trees  to  prevent  the 
approach  of  an  invisible  enemy.  Strange  that  he  should 
be  again  put  in  any  position  of  responsibility ;  yet  next  year 
he  was  in  command  of  the  northern  frontier,  and  shamefully 
abandoned  Col.  Monroe  at  Fort  William  Hcnrj',  though  at 
the  head  of  4,000  men.  In  consequence  he  was  ordered 
home,  but  in  some  inexplicable  way  he  was  protected  from 
censure.    Doc.  x,  page  574. 


LAKE   CIIAMPLALV. 


163 


Fort  Edward  with  1 


Col.  Monroe  witli  1 


lis  escort,  and  dispatelied 


lis  regiment  to  re-enforce  and 
command  the  garrison,  of  wliom  fonr  hundred 
and  fifty  were  in  the  fort,  and  tlie  remainder 
Beventeen  hundred,  were  posted  in  tlie  intrenclied 
camp,   wliicli,  for   all   practical 


purposes,   was 


much  the  better  fort  of  the  two.     Webb  also 
immediately  sent  expresses  to  the  several  Gov- 
ernors, with  a  requisition  to  call  out  the  militia. 
The  order  was  promptly  obeyed.     All  the  New 
lork   militia    north    of   the    Highlands   were 
immediately  put  in   motion.     In    Connecticut 
every  fourth  man  was  drafted.     In  New  Jersey 
four  thousand  were   assembled;   and  in  every 
direction  troops  were  organizing  and  marchino- 
toward  Fort  Edward,  but,  alas,  too  late  to  be 
of  any  avail.* 

Sir  William  Johnson  was  holding  an  import- 
ant council  with  the  Cherokees  at  his  house 
when  the  news  arrived  of  the  approach  of 
Montcalm.  He  abruptly  broke  up  the  confer- 
ence, and  hastily  collecting  what  militia  and 
Indians  he  could,  started,  and  arrived  two  days 
after  at  Fort  Edward.  On  the  8th  he  obtained 
from  Webb  permission  to  march  to  the  aid  of 
the  beleaguered  garrison.  Putnam  and  his 
rangers,  and  most  of  the  provincial  regiments 

*  Fitch.  ~ 


Ml! 


164 


LAKE  GEORGE  AND 


"}!i 


promptly  volunteered;  but  they  had  scarcely 
begun  thoir  march  when  the  order  was  counter- 
manded, and  they  Avero  ordered  back  to  their 
posts.* 

The  French  troops  having  all  landed  at  Great 
Sandy  Bay,  except  the  St.  Ours  brigade  attached 
to  the  artillery,  and  those  detailed  to  guard  the 
bateaux  and  provisions,  all  nnder  the  connnand 
of  Lieut.-Col.  Privat,  they  arranged  themselves 
in  order  of  battle. 

At  tM-o  o'clock  A.  M.,  August  3d,  the  English 
who  had  had  their  camp  to  the  left  of  the  fort, 
broke  up  and  retired  into  the  intrenchments  on 
the  right,  on  the  site  of  Fort  George.  The  same 
day,  at  dawn,  the  French  army  moved  in  three 
columns.  De  Levi  led  the  advance  Avith  his  de- 
tachment and  the  Indians,  Montcalm  with  the 
brigades  followed  in  column  by  regiments. 
Rigund  was  on  the  right  with  the  Canadians, 
and  Bourlemaque  on  the  left.  Sheltered  by  the 
woods  De  Levi  was  enabled  to  pass  the  fort  nn- 
molested,  and  at  ten  o'clock  a.  m.  took  np  a 
position  on  the  road  leading  to  Fort  Edward. 
The  Royal  Eousillon  Brigade  was  posted  on  the 
crestf  of  a  ravine,  which  is  oj^posite  the  fort, 

*  Stone's  Life  of  Johnson. 

f  To  the  left  of  the  plank-road,  on  the  north  side  of  the 
ravine,  opposite  and  north  of  the  court-house. 


LAKE   CIIAMPLAIN. 


1G5 


ivhere  it  remained  an  liour  in  order  of  battle 
and  received  orders  to  join  tl.e  army  on  a  plj 
teau    beyond  some  lieiglits  to  the  left  of  the  fort 
Aviiere  all  the  troops  remained  until  five  o'clock 
in  the  evening,  during  which  time  the  fort  was 
reconnoitered  as  well  as  the  intrenched  camp 
^.-Inch  appeared  too  strong  to  be  captured  by  an 
assault      The  Indians  were  intrusted  with  the 
duty  of  protecting  the  right,  which  extended  as 
for  as  the  French  mountain,  and  also  of  sendinc. 
out  scouts  on  to  the  Fort  Edward  road.     Thev 
tept  up  a  sharp  fire  on  the  fort,  repelled  several 
sorties,  lulled  a  hundred  cattle,  and  one  hun- 
dred  and   fifty  sheep,  which   belonged  to  the 
commissariat  of  the  fort,  and  also  captured  forty 
oxen  and  twenty  horses,  which  were  taken  into 
he  French  camp.     The  camp  was  laid  out  by 
Lourlemaque,  on  the  ground  occupied   in   the 
jnormng  by  the  Royal  Rousillon  brigade,  the 
left  resting  on  the  cove,t  where  the  artillery 
was  to  land,    and    the    right    extending   over 
toward  the  mountain.     A  guard  of  fiffy  men 
were  then  ordered  to  be  posted  in  the  cove,  with 
instructions  to  light  fires  at  night-fall,  to  serve 
as  beacons  for  the  artillery  bateaux 


*Near  wliere  the  Luzerne  road  turns  off. 
t  Behind  the  court-house. 


166 


LAKE   GEORGE   AND 


Montcalm  bivouacked  with  the  rest  of  the 
army  on  the  Fort  Edward  road.  In  the  even- 
ing the  scouts  reported  that  a  body  of  troops 
had  left  Fort  Edward*  and  were  coming  by  the 
mountains.  Meanwhile  the  Ensilish  were  vijjor- 
ously  at  work  fortifying  the  intrenched  camp. 

August  4.  In  the  morning  the  brigade  of 
La  Reine  came  to  encamp  on  the  right  of  the 
Royal  Rousillon,  tvhile  two  brigades  of  militia 
took  their  posts  immediately  in  their  rear. 

Montcalm  having  arrived  at  the  camp  early 
in  the  morning,  went  toreconnoiter  the  fort  with 
Bourlemaque  and  the  officers  of  the  artillery, 
to  decide  where  the  first  battery  should  be  set 
up.  At  noon,  De  Levi  was  directed  to  call  in 
his  detachment,  and  to  occupy  the  heights  on 
the  right,  but  at  some  distance  from  the  camp, 
with  the  militia  and  Indians,  and  to  have  scouts 
continually  on  the  Fort  Edward  road.  Tools 
were  distributed  and  orders  issued  for  the  con- 
struction of  fascines  and  gabions.  It  was  also 
judged  best  to  bring  the  artillery,  as  it  might 
be  wanted,  and  unload  it  at  night,  in  the  little 
cove  above  named.  The  command  of  the  siege 
was  given  to  Bourlemaque.  His  detail  for  this 
purpose  consisted  of  seven  regiments,  and  the  St. 


*  Sir  Wm.  Johnson's  command,  afterward  recalled. 


LAKE   CIIAMPLAIN. 


167 


Oars  and  Gcaspd  brigades.  De  Levi,  with  the 
five  remaining  Canadian  regiments,  and  the  In- 
dians, had  the  duty  of  protecting  the  riglit  of 
the  camp  and  the  Fort  Edward  road.  These 
arrangements  being  perfected,  Montcahn  dis- 
patclied  a  summons  to  Col  Monroe,  in  the  fol- 
lowing terms : 

"Sir:  I  have  arrived  with  sufficient  force 
to  take  the  place  which  you  hold,  and  to  cut  off 
all  succor  which  can  reach  you  from  any  quar- 
ter. I  number  in  my  train  a  crowd  of  Indian 
tribes,  whom  the  least  effusion  of  blood  will 
enrage  to  an  extent  that  will  forever  prevent 
them  from  entertaining  any  sentiments  of  mod- 
eration or  clemency.  The  love  of  humanity  has, 
therefore,  induced  me  to  summon  you  to  sur- 
render, at  a  time  Avhen  it  will  not  be  impossible 
for  me  to  induce  them  to  agree  to  a  capitulation, 
honorable  to  you  and  useful  to  all. 

"  I  have  the  honor  to  be,  etc., 

"  Montcalm." 
The  bearer  of  this  was  M.  Fontebrane,  aid- 
de-camp  of  De  Levi.     He  was  received  at  the 
fort  with  politeness.     The  following  answer  was 
returned  : 

"Monsieur:  I  am  obliged  to  you  for  the 
courteous  offer  you  have  made.  I  cannot 
accept  it.      I  have  little  fear  of  your  Indian 


fill 


IG8 


LAKE   OEOKOE   AND 


forces,  and  I  have  under  mj  orders  soldiers  who 
are  determined,  like  inyself,  to  die  or  conquer. 
"I  am,  etc., 

"  Col.  George  Monroe, 

"  Com.,  etcy 
This  answer  was  followed  by  a  general  dis- 
charge of  the  artillery  from  the  fort. 

While  these  preliminaries  were  taking  place, 
the  Nepistingue  tribe  proceeded  with  the  funeral 
rites  of  their  chief,  who  had  been  killed  at  the 
boat  attack  on  the  lirst  evening  of  their  arrival. 
These  rites  were  celebrated  wiih  savage  pomp 
and  splendor.     The  dead  body  was  arrayed  in 
all  its   ornaments,  collars  of  porcelain,   silver 
bracelets,  pendants  for  the  ears  and  for  the  nose, 
and   magnificent  apparel  were  lavished   upon 
him.      Paint   and   vermilion   gave  the  counte- 
nance an  air  of  life.     They  had  not  been  forget- 
ful of  any  of  the  decorations  of  the  w;    n'or.     A 
neck-piece,  bound  with  a  red  ribbon,  hung  neg- 
ligently upon  his  breast,  his  gun  rested  upon 
his  arm,  the  tomahawk  at  his  belt,  the  pipe  in 
his  mouth,  his  lance  in  his  hand,  and  the  kettle 
filled  with  provisions  at  his  side.     Clothed  in 
this  warlike  array,  they  seated  him  on  an  emi- 
nence covered  with  grass,  which  served  him  for 
his  bed  of  state.      The  Indians,  ranged  in   a 
circle  around  the  dead   body,  regarded  it  for 


I  i 


LAKE  OITAMI'LAIIf. 


169 


f  "*■     ^'',"  '"^  '■'■"k«-"    h  tl,e  orut,.,-,  wl,o 
)>  oncncod  the  f,„„.,,,|  „rati„„  f„r  the  dead 
Ihon  subcode,!  the  ,0,a„ts  „„d  ,u„,,,  („  ,||; 
sound  of  a  t«bor  l,„„g  „,,„„„|  „;(,,  |i„|„  ,„.„ 
In  nil  tins  there  was  an  indescnhahlo  ai,- „f 
sadness,  ,v  „el,  agreed  well  with  the  melaneludv 
ce.-e,„,,nnd      At  length  the  funeral  ntes  were 

tW  1  (  """""■"'  ""'  *''°  '^""''  -i'l'  -l""n 
fo^felT  -r  '°,"""'^  "  -Pply  of  previsions, 
|"r  fear,  without  douht,  that  for  want  of  nour- 
ishment ho  might  die  a  second  time  * 

At  eight  o'clock  P.  „.,  Jiourlemaqne    pre 
eeeded   wzth    460  w„r^me^,  supported    by  a 

fT  :  To  "S"'--^.  '"  op™  the  first  pLl! 
lei  w,tlnn  700  yards  of  the  fort.  They  also 
commenced  two  batteries,  and  built  a  piece  of 
i-oad  from  the  cm,,  to  the  "tail  of  the  trench  " 
on  wh,^,  to  move  up  tlie  guns.  The  artille,; 
consisted  of  thirtytwo  pieces.  T.velve  guns 
were  brought  aronnd  that  night,  and  as  fhey 
passed  the  point  of  land  which  br;ngl,t  ther^  ^ 

-ght  of  the  fort,  they  took  care  to  salute  the 
same  by  a  general  discharge.  The  work  rapidly 
advanced  through  the  obstacles  presented  by 
«.e  so,l,  the  trunks  „f  trees  and  ibatis,  which 


*  Jesuit  Missions. 


If 


w 


T-AKK   OKOnOK    AND 


I'OtniiiHwl  tlio  employment  of  tlie  ax  nnrl  saw, 
hihI  l»y  (Iny-liroak  the  men  were  entirely  hidden. 
0.\<n'|»t  ut  the  riprht  battery  uliere  the  work  liad 
1m»(Mi  Hh.wer.  The  loft  Lattery  was  480  feet 
from  the  tail  of  the  trench,  and  the  second  bat- 
t(<ry  (Kto  feet  from  the  first. 

I)iirin>;  tiie  day  the  Ennrllsh  fired  a  great  deal 
of  HJicJI  and  sliot.  A  soldier  of  the  Pioyal  Ron- 
hIIIom,  who  Avas  on  duty,  was  killed;  and  at 
nighl-fall  they  lighted  largo  fires  at  the 
IntrcMichcd  camp,  where  they  continued  indus- 
trioiislv  at  work. 

b 

Aug.  r».  At  day-break  the  working  party  was 
(lirtiniHscd,  and  a  force  of  200  tuen  put  on,  who 
pi-rfcctcd  the  trench.  The  shell  and  shot  from 
the  fort  reacliing  into  the  French  camp,  the 
l)rim'ailcs  were  moved  400  paces  to  the  rear.* 

Oil  til  is  day  Gen.  Webb  had  sent  out  from 
Fort.  I'M  ward  three  couriers,  with  information 
for  Ool.  :Ntonroe.  The  first  was  killed,  the  sec- 
ond captured,  the  third  saved  himself  by  his 
HwiftiieHs  in  running.  The  Indians  brought  in 
tlio  prisoner,  and  a  vest,  in  the  pocket  of  wiiich 
M'Hrt  a  liollow  musket  ball,  contauiing  a  letter  to 
Ool.  1\tonroe.  It  announced,  in  substance,  that 
ho  Would  advance  to  give  battle  to  the  French 


'i    "'ip  groimda  of  the  Caldwell  Manor  House. 


LAKK   ClfAMI'LAIX. 


171 


amy  as  «oon  as  Iho  provinml  militia  arrivec] ; 
hut,  con.u)orr,..  tl,o  position  of  Fort  Kchvard 
l'«  coul.l  i.ot  ,uar,.i»  to  tl.e  relief  of  Col.  Mon- 
roe, to  oxtm..,to  hi.n,  „or  forward  to  Ju.n  any 
re-er,force,uonts  .u.til  the  oxpected  arrival  of  the 
nu hUu    o  whom  he  lutcl  sent  order,  to  join  hin, 

forlnv.h;,,nt  should  they  arrive  too  late  to 
enable  nm  to  advance  and  en^aj^e  the  French 
anr.y,  the  conunandant  sho.dd  look  to  obtaining 
the  Ijest  Gondii K.iis  possible.* 

Ang  0.  The  iirst  or  left  battery,  consisting 
ot  o.,d.t  p.eces,  of  which  three  were  eighteen 
pounders  anc^  one  nine-inch  mortar,  was 
unmasked,  and  discharged  several  rounds  con- 
secutively afterward  it  fired  every  two  minutes. 
It  was  replied  to  with  spirit  from  the  fort 


Sept  2  1-7  "^ '  r  *"  ''''  '''''"""^^  ^««-^'">'.  dated 
abovoL  I      ,77,''"  '""°"''"^'  ^^'"'^^'^=  "The  troops 

o  myonlor.,  and  many  had  pn-cocded  to  Fort  Ed  vard  • 
."after  a  short  stay  Gen.  Webb  .nformed  me  that  all  t  e' 
mht,a,  cKcept  those  of  tuo  county  of  Albany,  had  dosor    d 

-ieeordis,nst.orwhir^t;r:s::::^::;^ 
t  ::^r:::;''"^'^"'  '-^^^  "^^'-^*^*^^  -  >*  -  ^akenit : 

oZ  ZT  """"^  ''''''  '''''^  "t  ^«^'  ^^'illiam  Henry 

only  fourteen  miles  distant  from  Port  Edward,  the  most' 
advanced  post  we  had  ia  that  quarter  of  the  count  y" 


172 


LAKE   GEORGE   AND 


The  guard  was  relieved  at  four  o'clock  p  m 
by  three  companies  of  grenadiers,  and  at  seven 
o  clock  three  hundred  night  workmen  came  on 
who  perfected  the  parallel,  finished  the  second 
or  ro.yal  battery,  which  consisted  of  two  ei-h- 
toen,   five   twelve,    one   eight,  two  seven  inch 
howitzers,  and  a  six-inch  mortar,  and  proceeded 
to  run  a  trench  from  tJie  parallel,  three  hundred 
yards  m  length,  directly  toward  the  garden  of 
the  tort.     This  battery  threw  shot  in  an  acute 
angle  with  the  front  of  attack,  and  swept  the 
intrenched  camp  with  a  ricochet  fire.     It  was 
not  possible  for  the  English  to  stir  out  without 
danger.     An  Englishwoman   determined  to  -o 
and  gather  some  vegetables  in  the  garden  eon- 
tiguous  to  the  trench.     She  was  ehot  down  on 
the  spot  by  an  Indian  concealed  in  a  square  of 
cabbages.     Having  no  means  of  recoverino-  the 
body,  the  conqueror,  always  concealed,  remained 
sentinel  throughout  the  day,  and  at  night  took 
away  with  him  the  scalp.* 

The  Indians  were  delighted  with  the  noise  of 
the  great  guns  and  the  prodigious  echoe.  which 
were  jnade  by  the  mountains.  They  were 
always  about  the  artillerymen,  whose  dexterity 
they  much  admired.     But  their  admiration  was 


*Roubard. 


LAKE   CIIAMPLAIN.  273 

neltlioridlo  nor  Without  its  n.P      9. 

tonnfn.wl  f    1  ®-     ^^"^G  even  do- 

»t^    I  :.rr„  *;■""?% '^'"■='^'- ''-■■■'^' 

reputation   m  a  second  trial.     But  ihoh-  .1  •  ^ 

-.» of  a,,.„,,,,,„,,  „,,3 ,/  J -\t: 

Timy  ox,m,i„ecI,  with  the  ,„„st  eage,-  cnnCf v' 
'lie  nianiuir  in  wliid,   tl,„  p      ^      <."uosrty, 

so«n„  *l     '?      ,  """  """^'-     I"stnicted  by 

ha    f  i T   '"  '  •'"*'""  '"  ^^'"■-•-  *'-■'■  »»n 
w       Pi   -l:°  '"■"'^'r-     T%  might  be  seen, 

tTe  oh  T',"""*'"S  ""'  ••'  brand,  of  the 

tiench,  toward  the  iwrtion  of  f?,„f   .    ,  .  , 

«■-  so  far  forward  thaf      ,  ^     Sv 
withm  muskot  shot  "-^ 

«.e  English  wL:  driven  ;::r""""™-'"'''''' 


""' Covert,"  M<Mnn.    The  earth  i» +i 
enomy.  to  lUdo  tl.o  view  and  for  ""'^  "^  *"™^  "'^ 

non.  •  '  ''°'^  ^""'^  protection  from  the  can- 

15* 


{  t| 


174 


LAKE   GEOKGK   AND 


^  On   flu,  niglit  of  the  7th,  the  workmen  con- 
tmiUMl  the  trench  to  within  six  liundred  feet  of 
tho  f.U't.     Tliere  a  third  battery  was  commenoed 
liio  fimird  WHS  composed  of  tliree  companies  of 
^'renM.her8  and    seven   pickets.     At   midnio-l^t 
two  dosortors  fell   among  the  Indian  pick'ets,' 
who  hud  been  posted  on  their  bellies,  in  the 
g'lrden  in  front  of  their  workmen.     The  ni-dit's 
work   brought  the  trench  to  a  swamp,  abont  a 
Imnch'cd  yards  wide,  bordered  on  the  south  by 
an   ftccjivity,  which,   except   abont  sixty  feet 
Bholturod  it  from  the  batteries  of  the  place     In' 
broad  daylight  the  sappers  applied  themselves 
to  thiM,  with  so  mnch  activity,  that  before  nio<ht 
a  road  of  round  sticks  and  hnrdles  was  ma'de 
caj)abk5  of  bearing  artillery.     At  nine  o'clock 
A.  M.,  after  a  double  salute  from  the  batteries 
JVlontcalm  Hent  to  Monroe,  through  liis  aid  De 
Bougainville,  the  letter  of  Gen.  Webb,  which 
had  been  intercepted  two  days  before,  as  its 
ponisal,  when  the  works  were  so  far  advanced, 
"I'^'ht   induce    him    to    surrender.     At    three 
o'(!lock   tho  English  made   a  sortie,  with  500 
men,  to  open  the  Fort  Edward  road.     De  Vil- 
Hours  nuirched  against  them,  with  the  Canadians 
and  Indians,  who  repulsed  and  drove  them  back 
into  tlie  Intrenched  camp,  with  a  loss,  on  the  Eno-- 
Iitih  Bido,  of  a  number  killed,  and  four  prisonei? 


I-AKE   CHAMPLAIX. 


175 


8th.    The   working  party   were   relieved    at 
day-break,  by  three  hundred  other  nj^  wl'o 

proeeeded  to  finish  the  new  batterv/ld       " 
struct  a  road  flimnrvi.  ^i       i  - '  "' 

tlie  ,.ard  nf    At  f     '''' 'T ''''''''''' ''''- 
.,'tiaens.      At   tliree   o'clock   the  Eno-lfJ, 

turned  out,  under  arm<    +^  ,         ^"fe'''^^' 

attafl'      TJ  '  ^"^   ''^1'^^  ""  sup,)osed 

attack.     The  scouts  reported  to  Montcalm  that 

-  -    was  approaching  from  the  southo      r    d 
■tie  immediate  y  dismtf'liori  fi  '"  ^oaa. 

bri.rades      P„„,.i  '  '""««-oil  with  two 

ofbatic      Tl,!     iT'"™''''  "'^-'^'•™''  "'  line 

anr     ^verMftftr™''"''"'''''^''™?-'' 
At  .even  0^;^^         .T/ J;',"™'  \  "=""P- 

working  men,  loo  for  the  battery   11  ,f 
niainderforthebridc.c  and  to  t^'  ''"" 

e-oHorcrestofther:;ri:,,^^X'°He:: 

to  eurronnd  ttSd  ."'t  f  :^f*'T"'™' 
Plete  to  afford  a  secure  lodgment  for  the  me". 


u 


176 


LAKE   GEORGE   AJ^D 


ilS!  1!i 


I'  ' 


Seeing  the  worlr<5   ur>   fl,.,      i 

»   "-^'^  woTKs  feo   tar  advanced,  on   tho 

mon„,^  of  the  9tl,,  Col.  Monroo  l,o  stTd  1 
wh.te  flag,  and  8  a.  „.  sent  Lio„t.-Colo  o  Jo  „ 
Yo,mg»  to  negotiate  the  articles  of  cai.itnlat,™ 
Montea  m,  having  agreed  with  him  'n  ^^e 
pnncpal  terms,  refused  to  proceed  fnrti  cr  u,  n 
lo  could  have  a  general  council  of  the  India 
clnets,  .d.ieh  he  forthwith  called,  and  to  w     m 
he  explamed  the  conditions  whereon  the  English 
were  ofl^=r,ng  to  surrender,  and  the  ternlh 
wa   resolved  to  grant  them,  and  demanded  of 
tlien   the.r    consent,  and    also  whether    they 

^Id  answer  for  their  young  ,nen  not  violating 
the  terms  The  chiefs  nnanimously  assured 
1".>.  that  they  approved  of  all  he  wonid  do  and 
would  prevent  their  young  men  from  commit 
tmg  any  disorder. 

tion'r  ^'"'"''"°  '""■'  ""  "■""''^^  <"■  ^"1'""'='- 
1.  The  garrison  of  Fort  William  Henry  shall 

march  out  with  their,,,™  and  their  baggage 
they  shall  proceed  to   Fort  Edward,  erc^orted 
by  a  detachment  of  French  and  some  oflicers 

*  ^';'-  ^"""S  ™s  major  in  the  Royal  Americm.     r,„  ,i 

.nd  plundered  by  the  Indians ;  and  it  i.  „  c„rio„/f*  Zt 
he  af^™a,d  recognised  and  recovered  s„™  of  hi  pie  y 
m  1 .511,  on  the  reduction  of  Quebec  Property, 


~AKE  CHAMPIAIN. 


177 


and  intci-protera  attadjod  to  tl,„  t   i- 
•na.-el.  at  an  early  lu,,,,.  oVL  ^  ""'  "'"' 

and  the  intro„r.J.n  i  ^  ,        '"^  ^apitalation, 

and  wounded  wlio  cannnf  hi  J  '"  '''^'^' 

tlie  protection    .f  fi      nr        "^^®"' ^o  be  under 

I'lt^c^Cj  a  six-pounder 
.  f  «"tcahn    also   directed    Bourcainvillp    1  • 

;:;;-■■- -o„.i„,,,  done  World's 

of  the  trenche/nnT  V     ,    '^"'^'  ^"egiments 

in  battl    ar,t  ;  "f  ''""'^f^-^"^'  ^^^anced 
ariaj  to  take  possession.    At  the  same 


178 


LAKE   GEORGE  AND 


1;! 


hour  a  cloud  seemed  passing  over  their  heads, 
and  looking  upward  they  discovered  tliat  they 
stood  beneath  the  wide  folds  of  the  standard  of 
France. 

As  the  troops  left  the  parade,  they  passed  by 
the  French  arniy,  who  stood  to  their  arms, 
attentive  but  silent  observers  of  the  proceed- 
ings of  the  vanquished,  failing  in  none  of  the 
stipulated  honors,  and  offering  no  tannt  or 
insult,  in  their  success,  to  their  less  fortunate 
foes.* 

The  march  and  ceremony  were  not  marked 
by  any  contravention  of  the  laws  of  nations. 

Montcalm  sent,  according  to  the  agreement, 
a  detachment  of  three  hundred  troops,t  under 
command  of  a  lieutenant-colonel,  to  the  in- 
trenched camp  for  their  protection.  He  also 
ordered  the  officers  and  interpreters  attached  to 
the  Indians  to  remain  until  the  departure  of 
the  English. 

Bourlemaque  took  possession  of  the  fort  with 
his  division,  and  stationed  guards  upon  the 
powder  magazines  aiid  the  provision  stores ;  the 
remainder  was  given  up  to  pillage.  The  Indi- 
ans made  no  delay.  During  the  military  cere- 
mony Avhich  accompanied  the  taking  possession, 


*  Cooper,    f  Doc.  x,  p.  615. 


LAKE   CIIAMPLAIN. 


179 


they  had  penetrated  into  tlie  fort,  in  crowds, 
through  the  embrasures,  for  the  puri)ose  of 
piUage.  But  they  did  not  contine  tliem- 
selves  to  this.  There  were  still  remaining 
in  the  casemates  some  sick  persons,  whose 
condition  did  not  allow  them  to  follow  their 
countrymen  in  their  honorable  retreat.  These 
were,  therefore,  their  iirst  victims  on  whom 
they  threw  themselves  without  pity,  and  sacri- 
ficed to  their  blood-thirstiness.* 

The  Indians  then  proceeded  to  the  intrenched 
camp,  and,  notwithstanding  all  the  precautions 
of  those  who  guarded  the  same,  got  in,  and 
wished  to  pillage  the  chests  of  the  otlicers.  The 
latter  opposed  this  proceeding,  and  a  serious 
disorder  was  threatened.  Montcalm  proceeded 
to  the  intrcnchment,  and  found  some  of  the 
Indians  drunk  with  rum  obtained  from  the 
officers.  He  "  had  recourse  to  prayers,  menaces, 
caresses,  councils  with  the  chiefs,  and  interfer- 


*  Roubard  furtlior  says :  "  I  was  a  witness  of  this 
spectacle.  I  saw  one  of  tlieso  barbarians  come  forth  from 
the  casemates,  which  nothing  but  the  most  insatiate  avidity 
for  blood  could  liave  induced  him  to  enter,  for  the  infected 
atmosphere  which  exhaled  from  it  was  unsupportable.  He 
carried  in  his  hand  a  human  head,  from  wlience  streams  of 
blood  weve  flowing,  and  wliich  he  paraded  forth  as  if  it  had 
been  the  most  valuable  prize  he  had  been  able  to  seize." 


I 

I  i 


180 


LAKK   GKORGE   AND 


ence  of  the  officers  and  interpreters,  who 
possessed  some  authority  over  these  barbarians, 
to  stop  and  restrain  them."* 

Tlie  disorderly  conduct  being  abated,  Mont- 
cahn,  at  nine  o'clock  at  niglit,  returned  to  his 
quarters.      This   was,   however,   only   a   slight 
introduction   of  the   tragedy   of   the   morrow. 
Notwithstanding   the  remonstrances    of  Mont- 
calm, the  English  furnished  the  Indians  with 
rum  (on  which,   during   the  night,,  several   of 
them  got  drunk),  on  the  supposition  that   by 
such  a  course  they  would  render  these  savages 
more  favorable  to   them.     But  they  might  as 
well   have   undertaken   to   tame   the   famished 
wild  beast.     Early  in  the  morning  they  began 
to  assemble  about  the  intreuchments,  demand- 
ing of  the  English,  goods,  provisions,  in  a  word, 
whatever  their  greedy  eyes  perceived.     These 
demands  were  made  in  a  tone  which  announced 
that  a  thrust  of  the  spear  would  be  the  price 
of  a  refusal.     The  English  entertained  for  tliese 
Indians  an  inconceivable  terror.  They  undressed 
and  stripped  themselves  almost  to  nothing,  to 
purchase  their  lives  at  the  hands  of  these  in- 
human monsters.     But  this  compliance,  which 
should  have  softened  the  savage  heart,  only  ren- 


*  Doc.  X,  633. 


LAKE   CIIAMrLAIN-. 


181 


dered  tliem  more  exacting.  The  same  terror 
determined  the  Enghsh  to  set  out  before  the 
escort  was  ready. 

The  Abnekas  of  Panouske,  in  Acadia,  chiimed 
to   have   experienced  from   tlie    English  some 
Ill-treatment,  wherebv,    under  the   pretense  of 
makmg  a  treaty,  certain  of  tlieir  chiefs  liad  been 
"'veiglcdinto  a  fort  and  slain.      They  oeized 
tlus  occasion  to  retaliate.     Tbe  long  column  of 
English  liad  scarcely  filed  out  from  their  in- 
renchments  to   the  number  of  two   thousand 
two  hundred,  and  were  approaching  the  vista 
cut  through  the  trees  where  the  road  to  Fort 
Edward  entered  the  forest,  when  the  Indians 
uttered  their  dread  war-whoop,  and  "woe  be  to 
those  wlio  closed  the  march,  or  to  the  stragglers 
whom  Illness   or    any  other  reason  separated 
ever  so  little  from  the  main  body.     They  were 
as  good  as  dead,  and  their  lifeless  bodies  soon 
strewed  the  ground  and  covered  the  circuit  of 
the  intrenchments."  * 

The  English  troops,  in  place  of  meeting  them 
with  resolution,  and  defending  themselves  with 
tlieir  arms,  were  seized  with  a  sudden  panic,  and 
fled  helter-skelter  toward  the  woods  or  toward 
the  French  tents,  then  to  the  fort,  then  to  any 


*  Roubard. 


16 


182 


LAKE   GEORGE   AND 


i  I! 


i    I  I 


H   • 


place  which  promised  them  an  asylum,  throw- 
iiij5  away  their  guns,  equipments  and  l;aggage 
The  great  nund)er  of  women  which  accompanied 
the  garrison  increased  its  terror.*  This  butcherv. 
winch,  at  first,  was  oidy  the  work  of  some  few 
savages,  became  the  signal,  which  transformed 
them  into  so  many  ferocious  beasts.  They  dis- 
(thargcd,  right  and  left,  heavy  blows  with  their 
liatchets,  on  all  those  M'ho  came  within  their 
reach.  The  massivcre  was,  however,  not  of  any 
duration,  nor  by  any  means  so  considerable  as 
80  much  fury  would  have  seemed  to  give  reason 
to.     It  amounted  to  about  forty  or  fifty  men. 

The  French,  meanwhile,  were  not  idle.  Th^ 
detachment  of  three  hundred,  appointed  to 
I)rotect  their  rcjtreat,  arrived,  and  hastily  ar- 
ranged themselves  in  order  of  battle.  The 
Chevalier  De  Levi  ran  in  every  direction,  to 
where  the  tumult  was  the  thickest,  to  endeavor 
to  arrest  it,  and  periled  his  life,  at  the  hands  of 
the  savage  arms  raised  to  strike  at  him.  The 
French  and  Canadian  ofHcers  imitated  his  ex- 
ample, with  a  zeal  worthy  of  the  humanity  of 
a  civilized  nation.  But  of  what  avail  were 
three  hundred  men,  and  a  few  officers,  against 
fifteen  hundred  infuriated  savages,  who  could 


*  Doc.  X,  G33. 


LAKK   CUAMl'LAIN. 


188 


not    or  u-o.ad  not,  distinguish  them  i'vom  tl.o 

l"^f:       One  of  the  scKcunts,  who  hud   op- 
po  ed  lu.nself  to  their  violence,  was  sfuek    o 

he  earth   ,,,  a  spear.     A  French  otHeer,  as  a 
reward    o     the   san.e   .eal,    received   a     evero 
woun<l,  whn  .  brought  hin.   to  the  borders  of' 
e  p-ave.     Besides,  in   the  n.on.ent  of  aiann, 
one  knew  scarcely  where  to  turn,  and  the  very 
"measures  winch  seemed  to  be  most  dictated  by 
pnidenc^^  ended  in  disastrous  results.     Mont- 
culm,  whose  eanip  was  at  a  distance  from  the 
spot,  did  not  liear  at  first  of  what  was  going 
forward.     At   tl^e   new.  of  the  occurrence  ].: 
4>eeddy  repaired  to  the  spot,  and,  after  trying 
pryors  menaces,  and  promises,  ].e  at  last  re 
sorted  to  force.     He  wrested  the   nephew  of 
Col.  loung,  with  violence,  from  the  hands  of 
the  In,.,ans,  but  his  deliverance  cost  the  lives 
of  a  number  of  prisoners,   whom    the   Indians 
massacred   for  fear  of  a  similar  rescue.->^-     The 


had  at^h't.f'"^- 'f """  ^'^'^"^^  Koubanl  that  a  Huron 

-i"t:r::t";^:tr:eH"'';;'^^^ 

Abnalus,  1  demanded  of  the  first  person  I  met  whether  h. 


184 


LAKE  OKOROK   AND 


IjhIiiiiih  tli.M.  i.roceedod  to  take  prisoners,  and 
tl.o  diKurdcr  was  on  the  increase,  when  some 
•>"(»  hM|.|.ilv   thun<rht  oforderin-  the   Kn-Iisl. 
t^>    liinva.u    their    speed,     whi.-h    was     (Fone. 
llm  Imiiium,  satisfied  with  their  prizes,  be-an 
to    retire,  the   remaii.innr   tv,y  ^vero   easily  dis- 
1>^"'-<;<I,  .tlid  tlie  Kn<rh-Hh,  without  further  inter- 
••'ipliun,  continuod  their  march  to  Fort  Edward 
The.y  arrived  there  at  first  to  the  number  of! 
tluvo  or  f.Mir  hundred,  and  for   two  or  three 
diiys  parlieH  stra-^rlod  i.i,  bein^r  rr„|dod  by  tlie 
sound  (,f  tlio  cannon,  wliich  were  fired  at  inter- 
vuIk  r,.r  tlnit  purpose.     Many  of  tiio   Engb'sh 
lm\  found  safety  in  tlie  fort  or  in  the  tents  of 


lm.l  ftny  H,.Ml,,«.  and  if  he  wished  to  do  a  favor  to  f?ratify 
"in.     Mo  ii„tl,.,l  hlH  pouch,  and  gave  mo  my  choice.     I  car- 
rlod    (  oir  In  „.l,„„,,h,  followed  by  a  crowd  of  French  and 
I  aiiH.  liu.H,  ntid  in  a  moment  had  rtyolned  my  Huron.    See 
«H  d     .  ynnv  payment.    You  are  right,  ho  replied  ;  it  is! 

.'ItUMl.  m  HuKllHh  Bcalp,  for  it  is  red.  I  immediately  took 
tho  mhvinmU'  little  being  in  my  hands,  and,  as  it  was 
alm.mt  i.i.IuhI.  1  wrapped  it  in  my  robe,  but  my  hands  being 
unm...,.Ntn,M„d  t..  this  business,  the  poor  infant  uttered  its 
crleN.  wlilHi  tnnglit  mo  my  own  awkwardnoBs  as  well  as 
Its  sunh'IntfN,  1  arrived  at  the  fort,  and  at  the  sound  of  its 
foeblo  (.rl..N  nil  the  women  ran  toward  me,  each  one  flatter- 
ing hnrnolf  with  the  hope  of  recovering  the  object  of  her 
DiatepmU  tondernoBs.  They  eagerly  examined  it,  but  neither 
tlio  eyoN  nor  tho  heart  of  any  one  recognized  their  child 


t.AKE  CIIAMPLAIN. 


188 


t       I,„l,,u„  «„„„„fc,  ,,,„„   ,;,„,  ,„„„|,,^j    2 

°""'-,  ,^''«  '""J"'-"/  "f  tl.0  „„ii„„a  „„vo  them 

«poln,,,.,M.tl,o,-„.„to.,t,.c.„,,o,.t,u,ri.l,o 
»      Ie.po,„g,,,„,,  t|,e  ,,,,,,,,,,,„,., ,,^, 

H.oj  I..UI  no  ,e,„o,  „to.  The  «o,„„lo,l  wort 
^nt  0  C„rili„„.  ,re  f,„,he,.  sent  „  „,o»sa.-  „ 
ynu,h.e,Ml  at  Montreal,  that  the  nations"  vlo 
were  „„w,mn.  to  snrrender  the  Engh'.sh  to 
.n  ha,l  gone  away,  eontnuy  to  usage,  without 
taUng  leave,  and  can-ying  their  prisone,.  with 

Montealm  detained  the  men  and  officer,  for 

Aym.jramdton,   under  tlie    eseort    of   thirty 

more,  for  1.  ,  •„  1,  ', ' , '  '"'  ,  "  ™"  "»  ""»■  »"1  •■"■cb 
was  wantinjr  to  comnlote  tl.oir  i.„  Nothing 


186 


LAKE   GEORGE    AND 


grenadiers,  commanded  by  Lieut.  Sanvonier,  of 
tlie  La  SaiTc  regiment,  accompanied  by  La 
Corne,  Lieut.  Marin  and  t^'o  interpreters,  with 
a  couple  of  letters  to  Gen.  ^Yebb  and  Lord 
Loudon. 

The  following  day,  15th,  the  English  and  all 
the  officers  recovered  from  the  Indians  set  out 
escorted   by  250  men   under  the  commaud  of 
Captain  Poulharies  of  the  Rousillon  grenadiers 
who  delivered  them  up  to  a  similar  detachment 
sent  for  that  purpose  from  Fort  Edward  at  Half- 
way brook ;  these  troops  took  with  them  the 
cannon  which  had  been  allowed  to  Monroe  by 
the  articles  of  capitulation. 

Meanwhile  De  Levi  had  removed  his  camp 
from  the  hill-side  around  to   the  front  of  the 
intrenched  camp   on    the  Fort    Edward    road 
He  had  the  brigade  of  La  Reine,  four  brigades 
of  Canadians  and  the  independent  companies. 
With  the  remainder  of  the  army  Montcalm  pro- 
ceeded to  demolish  the  fort  and  to  remove  the 
Btores.     Those  included  seventeen   cannon    of 
whicli    eight    were    brass,   seventeen    swivels 
35,835  lbs.  powder,  2,522  shot,  1,400  lbs.  balls' 
6  chests  of  fire-works,  grape-shot  of    various 
caliber,  and  3,000  barrels  of  flour  and  pork. 
^   A  thousand  men  were  employed  in  transport- 
ing these  immense  stores  of  provisions  and  war 


f'AKE  CIIAMPLAIN.  13/^ 

material,  to  tl.o  boats,  an<l  twclvx^  bundrod  were 
engaged    in  do8truvin.r  the  forf      Tl.n  T    1 

1  1.  ,  iiv.wv,u.         xiie     lore     was     Pnf-irnlir 

o.no  »,,„,  ,„„,  ,,„,  ,,„  „,.  ,^  ^^,^_,^  j;'t-i 

«  groa.„oss  .„■  .,,„  Englisl,  l„.s  became  eWdent 
Tl.o  casonrntc,  and  the  subterranean  n„ssa<ves 
were  found  U,  1,„  filled  «-ith  dead  bodies  wl.iS 

Hames.  Ihe  |.rencl,  loss  was  twentv-onc  killed 
»d  about  t,ronty-fivo  wounded.  The  En,^  sh 
lost  between  three  and  four  hundred,  ° 

Monteahn,  not  having  boats  enough  for  the 
n  .re  „™,,  „„  the  16th  ordered  tbe'Rousillon 

J^rlestad,  and  left  at  noon  with  the  rest  of 
te.-ooi»,    ^»tl.eylefttbesl.o.-eP„t..a,n,who, 

tl,e  enemy's  .noveiuents,  approached  the  seene 

Pla-n.     The  flash  „f  Freneh  bayonets  was  seen 

ana  solitude  fell  upon  the  forest/^" 


Bri«V     "r  '"  T"^"*'"-"  the  foundation  of 

were  exhumod    'VhZ  '     '      !''^:'''  ^'"^"^  ""^^  ""^^^^  ^«l^ri. 
lumoU.    I  hoy  wcro  principally  women  and  children 


CHAPTER  IX. 


AltOltCltOMBIE'S  EXPEDITION  —  DB  HABECOURT  —  ROGERS  —  OUTELAS  — 
NKW  YORK  REGIMENT  — DISTiyOUISUED  OFFICERS  —  LORD  UOWK  — 
OOMfOSlTlON  OP  THE  ARMT  —  APPEARANCE  ON  LAKE  GEORGE  — 
AnUANOEMENTS  OP  MONTCALM— THE  LANDING  — LORD  HOWB 
KILLED- TUB  BATTLE  —  THE  RETREAT. 

N  July,  1757,  William  Pitt  became 
Prime  Minister  of  England.  He 
"linew  himself  to  be  called,  neither 
by  the  King,  nor  yet  by  the  aristoc- 
rftcy,  bnt  by  the  voice  of  the  people."* 

In  December,  1757,  he  obtained  the  King's 
order  that  every  provincial  officer,  of  a  grade 
below  that  of  a  colonel,  should  have  equal  rank 
with  the  British,  according  to  the  date  of  their 
commission.  This  proceeding  removed  a  ground 
of  complaint,  which  had  always  caused  bad 
blood  between  the  officers  of  the  respective 
corps.  He  abandoned  the  idea  of  raising  money, 
by  the  absurd  mode  of  taxation,  in  the  Colonies, 
and  which  had  been  a  favorite  hobby  with  his 
])redoccs80"s ;  and,  in  a  circular  letter,  dated 
December  30th,  boldly  invited  them  to  raise  as 


•Bancroft. 


LAKE   CHAMPLAIN, 


189 


many  men  as  possible,  at  tlie  same  time  provid- 
ing for  tlieir  arms,  equipments,  ammunition, 
provisions,  and  artillery,  and  promised  that  the 
King  should  strongly  recommend  to  Parliament 
to  grant  to  them  a  proper  compensation. •=*  Tlie 
colonies  reposed  undoubted  confidence  in  the 
upright  designs  of  Pitt.  His  respect  for  their 
rights,  joined  to  the  prospect  of  making  a  ilnal 
conquest  of  Canada,  roused  in  them  the  most 
fervid  zeal. 

Great  suffering  existed  at  this  time  in 
Canada,  They  were  nearly  cut""  off  from  sup- 
plies from  France.  A  famine  existed,  and 
the  troops  were  farmed  out,  at  tlie  rate  of  a 
soldier  to  each  family.  Fifteen  hundred  horses 
were  purchased,  distributed,  and  killed  for  sub- 
sistence. In  the  month  of  Januaiy,  Major 
Robert  Eogers  came  roving  into  the  neighbor- 
hood  of  Carillon,  with  a  detachment  of  seventy 
men.  The  artillery  opened  upon  him  and  drove 
him  away.  In  his  retreat,  he  burned  a  pile  of 
timber  and  charcoaf,  took  a  wood-cutter  pris- 
oner, and  killed  eighteen  oxen  or  cows,  wliich 
were  found  in  the  woods,  and  served  to  subsist 
the  garrison.  Eogers  affixed  a  note  to  the  horn 
of  one  of  the  oxen,  in  the  following  M'ords : 


*  Pitt's  letter  to  the  governors.     Doc.  vi.,  340. 


190 


LAKE    GEORGE   AND 


"Sir:  I  am  oblipred  to  you  for  tlie  repose  you  Imvo 
allowed  me  to  take.  I  thank  you  for  the  fresh  meat  yon 
have  sent  me,  I  shall  take  care  of  my  prisoners.  Pro- 
sent  my  compliments  to   the  Marquis  de  Montcalm. 

"  (Signed)        Robeut  Eogers."    (Doc.  x,  837.) 

Feb.  28.  Sieur  Montignon  returned  from  a 
reconnoisance  to  Fort  LycHus,  witli  twenty-tliree 
English  scalps,  and  five  prisoners.* 

March  13.  Capt.  De  Ilebecourt,  of  the  regi- 
ment of  La  Eeine,  in  command  of  Carillon, 
dispatched  a  party  of  two  linndred  men,  under 


*  General  Lyman  succeeded  Webb  in  th",  command  of 
Fort  Edward.  Capt.  Little  was  posted  upon  a  tonfyuo  of  land, 
■with  a  file  of  soldiers,  to  protect  a  hundred  and  fifty  workmen 
who  were  obtaining  timber  for  the  use  of  the  fort.  Early 
one  morning  the  sentinel  discovered  what  he  supposed  was  a 
flock  of  birds,  flying  toward  him  from  the  morass,  but  ho  soon 
discovered  the  true  genus  of  these  feathered  messengers, 
as  an  arrow  struck  in  a  tree  at  his  side.  The  alarm  was 
instantly  given,  and  the  workmen  fled  toward  the  fort,  the 
Indians  pursuing  and  firing  upon  them ;  Capt.  Little's  party 
now  opened  their  fire  upon  the  Indians,  who,  turning,  at- 
tacked  him  in  such  overwhelming  numbers  that  his  situa- 
tion became  critical  in  the  extreme".  Major  Putnam  and  his 
rangers  were  stationed,  at  this  time,  on  an  island  in  the  river, 
when  learning  the  jeopardy  of  Capt.  Little  and  his  party, 
he  promptly  leaped  into  the  water,  waded  ashore  and 
hastened  to  the  relief  of  his  comrade.  As  they  passed  the 
fort  Gen.  Lyman  hailed  them  and  ordered  them  to  stop,  but 
"they  could  lut  see  it."  They  swept  through  the  swamp, 
with  a  shout,  and  put  the  assailants  to  flight. 

Mtch  and  Ileadley, 


LAKE   CIIAMPLAIN. 


191 


under 


Durantaje  and  Sieur  do  Laiigy,  to  make  an 
attack  on  Eogcrs,  wlio,  with  a  party  of  the  same 
number,  was  scouting  in  the  neighborhood  of 
tlie  fort.  Eogers  was  surprised,  and  utterly 
defeated.  The  Indians  brought  back  one  hun- 
dred and  forty-four  scalps,  and  some  prisoners, 
among  the  latter,  of  whom  were  two  ofiicers, 
captain,  afterward  Major-General  Henry  Pringlo, 
and  Lieut.  Roche.*  Rogers  retired  with  fifteen 
men  and  two  officers.  Three  days  afterward 
the  two  officers,  having  wandered  about  in  a 
vain  attempt  to  escape,  came  in  and  surren- 
dered themselves  to  the  French. 

Rogers  himself  escaped  by  approaching  Bald 
mountain,  at  the  place  since  called  Bogevs''  slide^ 
then  reversing  his  snow-shoes,  and  taking  a 
back  track  for  some  distance,  he  swung  himself 
by  a  convenient  branch  into  a  defile  and  found 
his  way  thence  down  into  the  lake.  The  In- 
dians, following  his  tracks,  approached  the  slide, 
ard  were  awe-struck  at  the  apparent  feat  of 
sliding  down  five  or  six  hundred  feet  into  the 
lake,  and  gave  up  the  pursuit. 

June  2.  Sieur  Outelas,  marching  from  Caril- 
lon to  Fort  Edward,  at  the  head  of  twenty-nine 
Nepissings,  and  Algonquins,  discovered  a  party 


*Doc.  X,  718. 


192 


LAKE   GEORGK   AND 


tr^' 


of  Englisli,  Loups  and  Mohawks.  They  "  uttered 
the  cry  of  attack,  and  buried  the  liatcliet  to  the 
heft  in  tlie  enemy,  who,  intimidated  by  the 
quickness  of  the  attack,  took  to  their  heels. 
Four  were  killed  and  six  taken  prisoners."* 

Three  great  expeditions  were  this  year  formed 
for  the  conquest  of  Canada.  One,  led  by  Lord 
Amherst  and  James  Wolfe,  was  intrusted  with 
the  siege  and  capture  of  Louisburg,  which  con  - 
manded  the  entrance  into  the  St.  Lawrence. 
Another,  for  the  conquest  of  the  Ohio  Valley' 
was  intrusted  to  General  John  Forbes.f  The 
third,  against  Crown  Poi.it  and  Ticonderoga,  ^ 


*Col.  Ilaviland  being  in  command  at  Fort  Edward  the 
barracks,  situated  at  the  north-east  bastion,  accidentally 
caught  fire.  1  he  magazine,  containing  three  hundred  bar 
rols  o  powde  stood  but  twelve  feet  distant,  to  save  which 
the  colonel  ordered  the  cannon  to  play  upon  it,  but  without 
much  elTect.  Putnam,  who  was  still  at  the  island,  hurried 
across,  and  formed  a  line  of  soMiers,  and,  springing  on  to 
the  roof,  emptied  buckets  of  water  upon  the  barracks,  one 
after  the  other,  as  they  were  passed  up  to  him,  until  the 
nre  was  subdued. 

tGen.  Forbes  reduced  Fort  Duquesne  in  1758.  He 
died  Sunday,  March  11,  1759,  at  Philadelphia.  Dudley 
Be.an  states  that  Howe  was  a  grandson  of  George  I  But 
.t  does  not  appear  by  what  authority.  Enickerhocker  Mag- 
aztne  for  1850. 

t  Variously  spelled  as  follows  : 

Tianarago,  Tiandrogo. 


"  uttered 
liet  to  the 
3  by  the 
sir   heels. 


srs 


"* 


ir  formed 
by  Lord 
>ted  with 
lich  con;- 
awrence. 
)  Yalley, 
i.f  The 
loroga,  + 

Iward,  tlie 
;cidentally 
Klred  bar 
ave  which 
it  without 
d,  hurried 
ing  on  to 
racks,  one 
until  the 

758.     He 

Dudley 

e  I.    But 

ker  Mag- 


A  LiadliiK  of  Lord  Howe. 

B  Bridge  Iwlow  the  lUpl.lit. 

C  Snw.mlll. 

O  PImo  Bear  wh«r«  Iiord  Howe  fell. 

E  Krench  Line*. 


2sd:^:P   OF   THE 

0f  mk^  I 


TO    ILLUSTRATE 

ABERCROMBIE'S    ATTACK    ON    CARILLON, 

JULY  8,    1758. 

EagrmTcil  for  Bntirr'*  "  Like  OcorfC  Md  Lsk*  Chanplala, 


LAKE   CIFAMPLAIN.  193 

was  given  to  Major-General  Jainos  Abercroinbie, 
a  Scotclunan,  while  tlio  second  in  command  wa8 
Lord  George  Augustus  Viscount  Howe. 

The  orders  came  to  rendezvous  at  Albany, 
May  1.  On  the  9th  of  March  Gen.  Abercrom- 
bie  dined  with  Governor  Do  Lancey,  on  his  way 
to  town  from  the  latter  place.  14th.  An  embargo 
was  levied  on  all  ships  and  vessels  above  iifty 
tons,  in  order  that  they  could  be  used  for  the 
service.  15th.  The  assembly  voted  two  thousand 
six  hundred  and  eighty  men  for  the  expedition, 
besides  those  who  had  gone  privateering,  the 
bateau  men  and  tlu^  wagoners  who  were  im- 
pressed to  convey  up  the  provisions  and  stores. 
Oliver  De  Lancey,  brother  of  the  Governor, 
accepted  the  command,  with  the  rank  of 
colonel, 

The  New   York  troops  seem  to  have  been 
organized  into  a  single  regiment.     The  follow- 
ing is  a  partial  list  of  the  officers : 
Lieut.-Colonel  Leroux. 

Captain  John  Peter  Smith 134  men. 

"      Ebenoezer  Secley, log     " 

"     John  Verplanck, 93    «< 

Tianderogiie,  Tiantiroga, 

Atianerogue,  Tionderoge. 

Atenderago,  Tiondorogo, 

Tiondurogue,  Tiyonduroga, 
Tyconderogue. 
17 


104  LAKE   QEOROE   AND 

(Ittpt.     Jonathan  Fowler 123  men 

"      Thomas  Arrowsmith, 67    " 

"      Roubcn  Lop':woo(l, 103 

"      Stephen  Nottingham, 100    " 

"     JohnMcIvers 100    " 

"      Petrns  Stuy vesant 95 

"      ThomaB  WilllamB, 

"      Richard  Hulet, 74    " 

"      Jonathan  Ogden 

"      Guy  Johnson, 

"     W.  Ileathcoat  Do  Lancey, 

CaptH.  Joseph  Crane,  Wright,  Stilhvell,  Van  Pelt,  Suy- 
dttm,  Brewcrtoni 

Ten  pounds  bounty  wa3  voted  to  each  volun- 
teer.* 

22d.  General  Abercrombie,  by  letter  to  the 
Governor,  apprehending  that  the  army  would 
bo  short  of  provisions,  caused  to  be  impressed, 
BOcured,  and  delivered  to  the  contractors  all  the 
provisions  they  could  find,  they  paying  a  rea- 
sonable price  for  the  same.  The  ships,  with 
tho  ordnance,  arms,  tent-^,  and  stores,  sailed 
for  Kcw  York,  from    Spitliead,   the    tirst  of 


*The  troops  received  also  clothing,  to  wit:  hat,  coat,  pair 
buckskin  breeches,  two  shirts,  two  pair  stockings,  two  pair 
Bhoes,  one  blanket,  also  each  company  had  tents,  and  the 
following  rates  of  pay  per  day  :  To  sergeants  one  shilling 
and  eight  pence ;  corporals  and  drummers  one  shilling  and 
nlxpence ;  privates  one  shilling  and  three  pence  The  o^icers 
had  twenty  shillings  for  each  man  they  enlisted.  De  Lan- 
oey's  Proclamation  {unpublished),  March  25, 1758. 


LAKE  CUAMPI.AIN. 


195 


April.  Tlie  taxes  levied  for  this  year  were 
equal  to  one  hundred  and  tiiirty  pounds  out 
of  every  two  hundred  pounds  income. 

The  interest   in   this  campaign  was  univer- 
Bal,  and  absorbed  all  the  talent  of  the    colo- 
nies. ^  Among  the  important   names  who  ap- 
pear in  the  Ticonderoga  expedition  are  Thomas 
Gage,  already  distinguished  by  his  services  on 
the  Monongahela,  in  Braddock's  disastrous  cam- 
paign, and  at  Lake  George,  in  1755,  who  now 
was  raised  to  the  rank  of  colonel,  and  who, 
seventeen  years  after,  as  Governor  of  Massa- 
chusetts and  general-in-chief,  connnanded  the 
British  troops  at  Boston  and  Bunker  Hill ;  the 
daring  David  Worster,  afterward  a  major-gen- 
eral of  the   Revolution,   he  who  nv-ived  his 
death-wound  while  fighting  tl..    .,ritish  force  on 
Ridgefield  hill;  William,  it.  son  of  Benjamin 
Franklin,  then  not  twenty-seven  years  old,  sub- 
sequently governor  of  New  Jersey;  Rogers  and 
Stark,  who  commanded  he  rangers,  five  hnndred 
strong,  each  with  a  fire-lock  and  hatchet  under 
liis  right  arm,  a  p-  wder-horn,  and  a  leather  bag 
of  bullets  at  his  waist,  and  to  every   officer  a 
pocket  compass,  as  their  guide  througli  the  for- 
est;*   Israel   Putnam,   now  lieutenant-colonel 


*  Bancroft. 


196 


LAKE  GEOROK   AND 


of  one  of  the  Connecticut  regiments  ;  Captain 
Schuyler  (the  Philip  Schuyler  of  the  Revolution), 
who  was  the  aid-de-camp  and  right  arm  of  Gen. 
Howe,  and  now,  in  the  commissary  department, 
was  engaged  in  forwarding  the  bateaux  and 
supplies ;  Lieut.-Col.  Bradstreet,  famous  for  his 
gallantry  in  this  expedition,  and  in  the  subse- 
quent advance  on,  and  capture  of,  Fort  Fronte- 
nac,  with  forty  cannon  and  a  vast  quantity  of 
stores  ;  Duncan  Campbell,  a  true  Rob  Roy  f' 
Capt.  Philip  Skeene,t  of  the  Enniskellen  regi- 


*  In  the  burving-ground  of  Fort  Edward,  Major  Campbell 
was  buried,  and  his  inscription  may  still  be  seen  on  a  red 
sandstone  slab,  as  follows  : 

"  Here  Lyes  the  Body  of  Duncan  Campbell,  of  Invershaw, 
Esq.,  Major  to  the  old  Hipfhland  Regt.,  Aged  55  years. 
Who  died  the  17th  July,  1758,  of  the  Wounds  he  Received 
in  The  Attack  of  The  Retrenchment  of  Ticonderoga  or 
Carillon  the  8th  July,  1758." 

f  In  March,  1765,  Skeene  obtained  a  patent  for  the  town- 
ship of  Skeenesborough.  In  1770  he  established  his  resi- 
dence there,  now  Whitehall,  built  mills  and  forges,  and 
opened  the  road  to  Bennington.  In  his  obituary  notice  he 
is  styled  formerly  lieutenant-governor  of  Crown  Point  and 
Ticonderoga,  and  surveyor  of  his  Majesty's  woods  and  forests 
bordering  on  Lake  Champlain.  The  buildings  of  Skeene 
were  of  a  very  substantial  kind.  Ilis  house,  situate  on 
William  street,  Whitehall,  was  of  stone,  thirty  by  forty 
feet,  and  two  and  a  half  stories  high.  Ilis  barn,  some  dis- 
tance south,  was  also  of  stone,  one  hundred  and  thirty  feet 


LAKE   CIIAMPLAIN. 


197 


ment,  who  projected  tlie  settlement  at  "Wood 
creek  and  South  Bay,  and  settled  about  thirty 
families  there;  John  Campbell,  who  commanded 
the   British   forces   in  West  Florida,   and  by 
whom  Pensacola  was,  in  1781,  surrendered  to 
the  Si)aniards;  Charles  Lee,  appointed  by  Con- 
gress, major-general  in  the  Continental  army ; 
Cai)t.  James  Marsh,  who  served  on  the  British 
side,  through  the  Revolutionary  war,  and  died 
a  lieutenant-general  in   180i;   Capt.   Richard 
Mather,  of  the  Royal  American  battalion  ;  Capt. 
Gariu  Cockran  ;  Major  Jolm  Rutherford,*  of 
the  Royal  Americans,  a  member  of  the  German 
privy  council,  and  who  had  served  in  Sir  Peter 
Iluekett's   brigade,   in    Braddock's   campaign; 
Capt.   Joseph   Schlosser,  who   afterward   com- 
manded "  Old  Fort  Schlosser,"  at  :N"iagara ;  Col. 
Plenry  Babcock,t  a  captain  in   the  battle  of 
Lake   George,  in  1755;  Capt.  John  Whiting, 
afterward     lieutenant-colonel     of    the    Rhode 


lonff.  Th(3  doorway  was  arched,  and  the  keystone  is  still 
proBorv(ul  In  the  wall  of  the  Baptist  Church.  It  bears  the 
lottors  P.  K.  8.,  and  the  date  1770. 

*  Major  Hiithurford  was  killed  at  the  first  attack  on  Ticon- 
dero>;a,  July  8.  1758. 

fCol,  Hiihcock  afterward  entered  holy  orders,  and  was 
enffaffed  in  ftmnding  a  school  for  the  education  of  the  Mc 
hawk  Iniliuuu. 

17* 


IJ 


198 


LAKE   GEORGE   AND 


Isliuul  regiment;  Major  William  Eyre,  who 
built  Fort  William  Henry,  and  afterward  was 
appointed  chief-engineer  of  the  army,  and  laid 
out  a  new  fort  at  Ticonderoga  ;  Lieut.-Col.  Wil- 
liam Ilaviland,  of  the  Inniskilling  foot,  who 
booame  a  major-general  in  the  army,  and  served 
with  distinction  at  the  reduction  of  Havana. 
As  the  troops  arrived  at  Albany  they  went 
into  damp  just  below  the  city.* 

Loi'd  Howe  was  the  soul  of  the  army,  and 
possessed  extraordinary  powers  of  application. 
His  hair,  of  <he  fashion  of  the  courtiers  of 
George  II,  was  long  and  abundant.     He  had  it 


*  May  37.  Gon,  Aborcrombie  wrote  to  Gov.  De  Lanccy, 
tliiit  ft  Biuitincl  on  duty  at  Albany  had  cliallenged  one  Bur- 
gfon  llnssen.  On  the  second  challenge,  Hassen  replied, 
"  Hrn,  and  bo  damned,"  whereupon  the  sentry  had  fired  and 
Ulllod  him.  The  coroner's  inquest  had  found  the  fact  to 
1)0  nuirdor  by  the  sentry.  He  desired  the  Governor  would 
ordor  tho  civil  magistrate  to  deliver  over  the  prisoner  to 
tho  military  authorities,  to  be  tried  by  court-martial,  that 
Ills  Mi\|eHty  niigat  not  be  deprived  of  the  services  of  tho 
man  and  those  who  must  attend  as  Avitnesses  in  the  ordinary 
course  of  law.  It  appeared  to  the  council  that  the  jury  did 
not  oloarly  understand  the  case,  and  that  the  people  in  gen- 
eral  thought  the  deceased  drew  the  punishment  upon  liim- 
•olf.  Tliey  advised  the  Governor  to  order  the  coroner  to 
trannmlt  the  examinations  of  the  witnesses,  upon  oath,  to 
tliu  Intent  that  the  prisoner  may  be  admitted  to  bail,  if  bail- 
ablo  by  law.    Manuscript  Proceedings  of  Council. 


LAKE   CHAMPLAIN. 


199 


cut  short.     He   also  wore   a  short   coat,  and 
he  obliged  his  regiment  to  follow  his  example 
He  forbade  all  displays  of  gold  and  scarlet  amon  c 
both  officers  and  men.     He  had  the  muskets  of 
his  regiment  shortened,  and  the  barrels  black- 
ened, tliat  they  should  not  glisten  in  the  sun, 
and,  to  prevent  the  sting  of  mosquitoes,  he  made 
them  all  wear  canvas  leggins.     He  mixed  gin- 
ger  with  their  water  to  prevent  them  from  hav- 
ing  the  ague.     His  ouai  .>rs  were  usually  in  the 
camp  with  his  m^         stead  of  in  town  at  the 
houses  of  the  h-  ...;uble  Albanians.     Always 
courteous  and  amiable,  he  respected  the  opini.^is 
and  habits  of  those  who  had  been  differently 
brought  up.     To  the  arrogant  and  presumptuous 
unfledged  officer  of  European  birth,  he  used  to 
present  the  weapons  of  ridicule.     «  Knowledo-e 
and  respect,"  said  his  lordship,  ^'for  the  varied 
manners  and  opinions  of  others,  will  harmonize 
our  great  army,  and  will  make  it  invincible 
Any  gentleman  officer  will  find  his  equal  in 
every  regiment  of   the  Americans.      I  know 
them  well.      Beware  how  you   underestimate 
their  abilities    and  feelings,   civil,   social  and 
military."* 


*  Dudley  Bean.     Letter  from  camp.    Boston  News  Let- 
ter.  June  23,  1758.  ■ 


200 


LA.KE   GEORGE   AND 


The  British  rej^iments  numbered  the  follow- 


ing 


27th,  Inniskilling  foot,  Lord  Blakeney. 
42d,   Highlanders,   originally    "  The   Black 
Watch;'  Lord  John  Murray.* 
44:th,  Gene  -al  Lord  Abercrombio. 
46th,  Licutenant-General  Thomas  Murray. 
55th,  Lord  Viscount  Howe. 
60th,  Royal  Americans, f 
80th,  Colonel  Thomas  Gage. 
Among  the  Provincial  regiments  were  : 
New  York,  Colonel  Oliver  De  Lancey. 
Rhode  Island,  Colonel  Henry  Babcock. 


*  In  the  Black  Watch,  among  the  subordinate  officcrH, 
appear  the  names  of  Graham,  Campbell,  McNeil,  Graeme, 
Stewart,  Murray  and  Sterling.  When  Rob  Koy  was  out- 
lawed, the  name  of  McGregor  was  forbidden  and  that  of 
Campbell  was  substituted.  The  Highland  clans  had  their 
counselors,  bards  and  songsters,  who  clothed  their  deeds 
with  poetry  and  sang  the  songs  of  the  departed.  The 
losses  of  this  regiment  at  the  battle  of  Ticonderoga,  were 
six  hundred  and  forty-seven  killed  and  wounded,  including 
Major  Duncan  Campbell,  and  all  but  two  officers.  Three 
days  after,  when,  at  Port  Edward,  the  green  sod  was  being 
placed  over  the  graves  of  the  Major,  and  Captain  John  Camp- 
bell,  one,  looking  at  the  sad  countenances  of  the  others,  who 
were  performing  these  rites,  at  length  sail:  "  Who  is  our 
counselor  now,  and  who  will  perform  our  dirges?"    Bean, 

f  The  60th  Royal  Americans  was  composed  of  four  battal- 
ions.   The  commander-in-chief  of  the  forces  in  America, 


LAKE    CIIAMPLAIN. 


201 


1st  N"ew  Jersey,  Colonel  Joliriston. 

2d  New  Jersey,  Colonel  Parti-idge. 

1st  Connecticut,  Colonel  Fitch. 

2d  Connecticut,  Colonel  David  Wooster. 

3d  Connecticut,  Colonel  Pluneas  Lyman. 

Massachusetts,  Colonel  Preble. 
Five  hundred  Mohawks,  Colonel  Sir  William 
Johnson. 

General  Abercrombie  arrived  in  the  city  the 
first  of  June,  and  the  arm}-,  then  numbering 
tliirteon  thousand  men,  all  in  high  spirits  and  in 
tolerable  discii^line,  presented  a  show  of  mili- 
tary  grandeur,  such  as  Albany  has  never  seen 
before  or  since.  Boats  and  canoes,  ammunition 
and  supplies,  were  huri-ied  forwai-d  to  Fort 
Edward  in  tlie  charge  of  teamsters  and  boatmen 
hired  and  impressed  fiom  all  parts  of  the 
country. 


was  usually  the  colonel  ex  officio  of  the  regiment.  Lord 
Viscount  Howe  was  colonel  commandant,  Feb.  25,  1757, 
and  was  transferred  to  the  55th  as  colonel,  Sept.  26,  1757! 
At  this  time  it  had  the  following  officers : 

Colonel  Commnndant—RdbGvi  Monckton. 

Lieutenant-Colonels— mmj  Boquet,  Frederick  Haldiman 
St.  John  St.  Clair,  John  Young.  ' 

Majors— 5a.men  Robertson,  "john   Rutherford,  Auaustua 
Prevost,  John  Tullikens.  ° 

The  2d  and  4th  battalions  were  with  this  expedition. 


202 


LAKE  GEORGE  AND 


On  the  6th,  Lord  Howe  moved  forward  with 
one-Iialf  of  the  army,  arriving  at  Fort  Edward 
on  tlie  8th.* 

The  second  division,  under  tlie  commander- 
in-chief,  followed,  and  extended,  witli  their 
trains,  according  to  a  writer  of  that  day,  a  dis- 
tance of  seventeen  miles. 

Rogers,  witii  fifty  men,  and  boats  in  wagons, 
pushed  forward  to  make  a  reconnoisance  of  the 
fort  at  Ticonderoga,  and  the  force  therein. 
Returning  without^  delay  to  rejaort,  he  found 


*  Aunt  Schuyler,  as  this  amiable  young  officer  familiarly 
styled  his  maternal  friend,  had  a  high  esteem  for  him,  and 
the  greatest  hope  that  he  would,  at  some  future  time,  redress 
tho  evils  that  had  formerly  impeded  the  service.    In  the 
morning  Lord  Howe  proposed  setting  out  very  early,  but 
when  he  arose  he  was  astonished  to  find  Madame  Schuyler 
waiting  and  breakfast  ready.    He  smiled,  and  said  he  would 
not  disappoint  her,  as  it  was  hard  to  say  when  he  wouM 
again  dine  with  a  lady.    Impressed  with  an  unaccountable 
degree  of  concern  about  the  fate  of  the  enterprise  in  which 
he  was  embarked,  she  again  repeated  her  counsels  and  her 
caution,  and,  when  he  was  about  to  depart,  embraced  him 
with  the  affection  of  a  mother,  and  shed  many  tears,  a  weak- 
ness she  did  not  often  give  way  to.    A  few  days  after,  in  the 
afternoon,  a  man  was  seen  coming  on  horseback  from  the 
north,  galloping  violently,  without  his  hat.    Pedram  ran 
eagerly  to  inquire,  well  knowing  he  rode  express.    The 
man  galloped  on,  crying  out  that  Lord  Howe  was  killed. 
Slirieks  and  sobs  of  anguish  re-echoed  from  every  part  of  the 
house.    Letters  of  an  American  Lady,  vol.  ii,  p.  373. 


ill! 


LAKE  CIIAMPLAIN. 


203 


T-ord  Howe  encamped  at  the  Half-way  brook. 
June  22  they  arrived  at  the  hike;  Eogers 
encamping  with  his  rangers  on  tlie  slope  of  the 
nil  occupied  formerly  by  De  Levi,  near  the 
Hendrick  Spring,  and  Lord  Hcwe  on  the  rocky 
eminence  known  as  Fort  George. 

"Putnam  was  here  detached  witli  Rfty  rangers  to  scout 
along  Wood  creek  and  South  Bay.    He  proceeded  down  tlie 
creek  to  "Fiddler's  Elbow."  about  a  mile  below  Whitehall 
where  high  rocks  jut  into  the  stream,  and,  compressing  il 
into  narrow  limits,  make  a  short  and  sudden  curve     On 
this  he  erected  a  stone  breastwork,  about  thirty  feet  lona 
and  concealed  its  front  by  pine  trees,  so  placed  as  to  present 
the  appearance  of  a  natural  growth  of  forest.    On  the  fourth 
day,  at  evening,  a  body  of  men  from  Carillon,  in  boats 
commanded  by  M.  Marin,  was  seen  entering  the  mouth  of 
the  creek.    The  moon  was  at  its  full,  and  shed  its  clear, 
yellow  light  upon  every  movement  of  the  enemy.    In  the 
dead  silence  was  heard  the  murmur  of  voices,  and  even  the 
ripples  that  broke  around    the    barges.      Continuino-   to 
advance,  some  of  the  boats  had  already  passed  tlxe  parapet 
when  a  soldier's  musket,  accidently  striking  a  stone,  gave  a 
ring  so  audible,  in  the  stillness  of  the  evening,  that  the 
leading  canoes  stopped.    The  others  coming  up,  they  lay 
upon  their  oars  at  the  base  of  the  cliff-  five  hundred  men 
crowded  together,  their  upturned  faces  distinctly  seen  by 
the  light  of  the  evening.     TJiey  gazed  intently  at  t)ie  para- 
pet,  upon  the  apex  of  which,  like  a  bird  of  prey  in  his 
eyrie,  Putnam  was  watching  his  victims.    The  low  "O'imh  " 
of  the  Indian  stole  over  the  water.    A  moment  more,  and 
the  word  "Fire!"  broke  upon  their  ears  in  startling  clear- 
ness from  the  lips  of  the  provincial  commander.    At  once 
the  flash  of  musketry  gleamed  from  the  bushes,  and  a 


204 


LAKE   GKOKGE   AND 


Bliower  of  balls  sent  death  into  the  mass  beneath.    All  waa 
confusion;  and  while  some  moved  out  from  the  thickest 
of  the  crowd,  others  replied  by  a  volley  of  bullets,  which 
cut  throufrli  the  trees  and  struck  harmlessly  against  the  rocks. 
1  he  hffht,  such  as  it  was,  was  continued  during  the  entire 
n.ffht.     The  French  detaclu-d  a  body  of  men  to  effect  a  land 
innr  and  charge  upon  the  rear  of  the  provincials.    Lieut  Kob- 
ertDurkee,  with  a  detail  of  twelve  men,  was  se.t  to  oppose 
them  m  this  design,  in  which  he  succeeded.    In  the  morn- 
nig,  his  ammunition  being  exhausted,  Putnam  retn^ated 
leaving  two  wounded  soldiers.     As  he  was  falling  back,  the' 
commander  was  met  by  a  party  who  had  come  out  to  his 
assistance.     Before  they  could  be  recognized,  t,iey  received 
a  volley,  which,  however,  ^v&s  harmless.    "  Friends  or  foes  " 
says  Putnam,  "you  deserve  to  perish  for  doing  so  little 
execution."    Lieut  Durkee  was  shot  in  the  thigh  at  the 
massacre  at  Wyoming,  1780," 

June    2Sth    brouglit    to    Lake   George  the 
remainder    of    the    army  witli    Abererombie 
whose  white  t..ts,  defined  with  military  pre- 
cision over  the  hills  and  on  the  rising  plains, 
extended    from    the   water's    edge,    and    half 
encircling     it    qnite    around     the    west     side 
and   outside    the   lines    of  Montcalm,   beyond 
the  artillery  cove.*     The  encampment  formed 
a   scene   of  grandeur  and   display   which   had 
never    been    equalled    in    the    New    World. 
But   not  the  brilliant  appearance  of  military 


*To  and  including  the  plateau  of  the  Caldwell  Manor 
House. 


C 

1 
f 
s 

tl 
b 

T 

o 


LAKE   CnAMPLAIN. 


205 


equipage  or  the  extent  of  tlie  camp,  which  will 
loud  captive  the  imagination,  funned  the  most 
extraordinary  cha.-acteristic  of  the  drama  •  it 
was  the  marked  individuality  wliidi  character 
ized  tlie  whole.     There  wore  tlie  conrtiers  of  a 
great  kingdom,  the  ].igli-horn  nol)]enien  of  a 
race  who  had  ].ossessed  their  domain  for  a  thou- 
sand years,  tlie  red  chiefs  of  X.rth  American 
wilds,  the  fe.-enadiers  wlio  had  grown  brown  in 
theservice  of  tlio  east,    tlicir  different  corps : 
their  widely  extended  fame ;  all  these,  with  the 
regnlars  from  tlie  Korth  American  colonies,  and 
the  inimitable  rangers-who  could  doubt  their 
success?     It  was  a  regalia,  a  regatta  party  of 
all  nations  costumed  in  the  various  colors  of 
military  pomp,  of  royal  courts,  of  clans,  prov- 
inces  a.id  the  forest ;  and  the  lake,  calm  and  still, 
faithfully   reflected    back    the    beauty   of   the 
scene. 

Such  was  the  appearance  of  the  encampment 
on  the  evening  of  the  fourth  day  of  July  1758 
At   daylight  on  the  morning  of  Sunday,  the 
hfth,  according  to  the  order,   the  tents  were 
struck  and  the  army  in  vast  columns  converged 
to  three  points  for  the  embarkation,  two  on  the 
beach  in  front  of  Fort   George   and  William 
Henry,  and  the  third  from  the  temporary  dock 
on  the  west  side. 
18 


206 


I^AKE   GEORGE    AND 


Tlie  center  division  was  formed  of  tlio  gren- 

pfed  Jt  '"''"^"'""  The  win,.  .veret.om- 
posed  of^  the  provincials,  led  by  Colonel  Gage 
on  the  right,  and  on  the  left  by  Major  Rogers 

Ihe  army  comprised  6,350  regulars  and  9,000 
provincials.  ' 

The  fleet  consisted  of  nine  hundred  bateaux 
one  hundi.d   and   thirty-five    whale-boats,    xu! 
melius  rafts  carrying  the  artillery,  and  two  huge 
castles,  highly  decorated,  each  with  two  mounted 
cannon  and  from  which  the  English  flag  towered 
the  highest.*    The  parallel  cohnnns  no^  mov W 
OKtended  from  shore  to  shore,  and  covered  tl^e 
lake  for  six  miles  and  a  half.     In  the  narrows 
and  passing  the  islands,  they  defiled,  forming 
subdivisions.     "Leaving  these,  they  reformed" 
movmg  m  stately  procession  down  the  beautiful 
lake,  bright  with  banners,  cheered  by  martial 
music,  beaming  with  hope  and  pride,  though 
with  no  witness  but  the  wilderness  "  f 

Twenty-five  miles  brought  them  past  where 
the  mountains  "  step  down  to  the  water's  edc^e  " 
and  at  a  place  already  famous  in  partisan  legend 
but  henceforth  to  be  known  as  Sabbath-day 
loiNT,  m  tn^  picturesque  loveliness  of  the 
forest,  enhanced  "  by  the  richest  hues  of  even- 


*Bean.     f  Bancroft. 


IjAKE  oiiamplain. 


207 


^ng  l.gl.t,"  at  five  o'clock  they  landed.     Here 
was  tl.o  scene  of  tlie  nr.fortnnate  dofeat  of  Col 
barker    ast   year,   whose  melancholy   remains,* 
both  on  land  and  shore,  were  still  visible 

tent  o  h,s  fnend  Stark,  questioned  him  closely 
as  to  the  position  of  Ticonderoga  and  the  fittest 
modes  of  attack.     Li,htin.  i.unense  h'res  ttey 

Wed  the  belief  that  they  Mould  remain  an 
ni^'l.t  but  at_  ten  o'clock  the  artillery  and  rear 
bngades  having  con.e  up,  they  moved  on  to  the 
landmg  place,  which  they  reached  early  in  the 
morning.  •' 

Montcalm  had  arrived  at  Carillon,  or  Ticonl 
deroga,  on  the  30th  June. 

July  1.  At  day-break  he  dispatched  Bour- 
emaque,  with  three  regiments,  to  occupy  the 

-ad   of  the  portage,  and  proceeded  himself, 
V  til  four  others,  to  the  falls,  on  both  sides  of 
M^nch  he  encamped,  leaving  the  third  battalion 
of  Bern,  to  guard  the  fort. 

J"lj  2.  At  five  o'clock  a.  m,  two  mu.ket 
SOS  were  heard,  which  caused  'the  re::::;' 
to    tand  to  arms,  when  word  came  from  the 
captain  of  the  guard,  that  having '^discoved 
a  feather,'   he  had  promptly  retired  behind  a 

tee    which  saved  him  from  a  shot  that  was 
filed  by  a  hostile  Indian,  who  was  ready  to 


ii 


208 


LAKE   OEORflR   AND 


politico  upon  him,  tomahawk  in  hand.  lie  re- 
tiiiiiod  the  tire,  Avhich  the  Indian  evaded  hy 
fiillinfr  on  the  gronnd,  and  fed,  when  the  officer 
civlii'd  out  A  mot  Voluntalres.^^ 

6th.  Sunday,  service  as  usual.  At  two  o'clock 
V.  M.  flaw  a  white  flay  on  the  Black  Mountain* 
holrttod  and  lowered,  which  was  a  signal  that 
barges  were  upon  the  lake.  De  Langy's  detach^ 
ttiont  of  one  hundred  and  seventy-eight  vol- 
unteers returned,  reporting  that  they  had  been 
1IJ»  as  far  as  Cvanouskie  Bay  and  been  chased 
by  sixty  barges.  Capt.  De  Trepezec,  of  the 
Beam  regiment,  with  a  detachment  of  three 
liiindrc'd  men,  was  immediately  sent  off  to 
Bnld  Mountain,  to  observe  the  movements 
of  the  English  and  to  oppose  their  landing. 
i\t  day-light  the  English  barges  were  observed 
eoming  forward  in  order,  and  appearing  in 
sonrch  of  a  place  for  landing.  At  eight  o'clock, 
Boiirlemaque  gave  orders  to  have  the  tents  struck. 
IIo  remained  with  the  rear  guard,  fired  at  the 
barges  as  they  approached,  and  withdrew.  Ar- 
riving at  the  falls,  he  was  posted  on  the  right 
of  the  La  Sarre  brigade,  at  the  foot  of  the 
lioights.     The  Kousillons  were  withdrawn  from 


*  The  Indian    name  for   Bald  Mountain  was,  Tekagli- 
WOttnf^a-ra-ncgliton. 


LAKE   CIIAMPLAm. 


209 


the  rifijlit  bank,  and  tlie  bridges  broken  up.     At 
four   o'clock   several   Bliots  were   heard,  wliich 
proved  to  bo  fired  at  Do  Trcpezec,  who  a  few 
niinntes  afterward  arrived,  with  some  soldiers 
n-iortally  wounded.     He  lost  his  way,  through 
the  fault  of  his  guide.     After  defen<^!/  -r  himself 
for  some  time,  fifty  or  sixty  of  hi ;  men  c  !ai)ed, 
the  rest  were  cither   killed  or  eajitnrcd.     On 
landing,  the  English  army  formca  o,ud  m/.«ehed 
in  four  columns,  preceded  by  the    •  igers,  who 
were  ordered  to  take  post  on  the  north  moun- 
tain.    The  right  column  of  the  center  division 
commanded  by  Lord  Howe,  having  advanced  to 
Trout  brook,  fell  in  with  Do  Trepezec,  as  above 
stated.     In  his  column  were  Cols.  Lyman,  Fit(!h 
and  De  Lancey,  who   formed   the   front,  and 
received   the  first  fire.     Capt.   Burbank,  with 
one  hundred   and   fifty  men,  was   ordered  to 
remain   at    Rogers'  first    position,   while    the 
latter,   with  the   remainder  of  the  force,  fell 
upon  the  enemy's  left— the  river  covering  the 
right.     Rallying  from  their  bewilderment,  and 
desperate  from  their  position,  hemmed  in  on  all 
sides,  the  fire  of  the  French  and  Lidians  was 
severe,  and  the  action  became  general.     The 
ground  was  uneven,  and  denpnly  covered  with 
thick  and  tangled  underbrush,  so  that  there  was 
but  little  form  or  order  to  the  battle.     Rushins 
18*  ^ 


210 


I 


' 


LAKE   GEOKGE   AND 


forward,  Lord  Howe  saw  the  ...^  „ 
at  him,  and  within  twenty  feet  o'f  ] 


verjmnsket  aimed 
^  ^  ,  .  -  -lim,  wliich  a 

moment  more  he  would  have  stricken  down 
but  winch  discharged  the  fatal  messenc^er  b^ 
which  he  was  instantly  killed.     Colonel  Delan- 
cey  was  within  fifteen  feet  of  him,  and  leapino- 
forward,  with  others  who  had  watched  him   the 

pnde  of  the  army  fell  into  the  arms  of  those 
who  had  loved  him.  "He  is  dead,"  said  De- 
lancey, ''onward  and  avenge  his  death  »  The 
provmcials  and  rangers  fouglit  with  renewed 
earnestness. 

The  French  would  make  no  formal  surrender 
but  being  overpowered  and  pressed  in  every 
direction  by  the  vastly  outnumbering  Eno-Iish 
were  slain  in  parties  of  two  or  three  in  Iheii' 
ambuscades  or  behind  trees.  Two  hundred 
weie  kdled,  one  hundred  and  forty-eight  made 
PJ-isoners,  and  about  seventy-five  escaped. 
These  were  forwarded  to  New  York,  under  the 
&f  .^^•./--!2!^    ^^^-^^^   of   the 


Massachusetts  forces.* 


The  loss  of  the  Enff- 

c3 


*Headle.y«ays:  "The  prisoners  were  placed  on  a  little  isle 
.ncec  le,p,,,„  ,sisland.v4.c  .isconnectedtoth^  „^^^ 

the  n  ffht  the  prisoners  walked  off.    As  Montcalm  dryly 
remarked,  'they  t.  .k  French  leaye.'"    But.p..  contra-'ll 


LAKE  CHAMPLAIK. 


211 


Eng- 


lish, nu,  uding  Lord  Howe*  and  those  severely 
wounded,  was  twenty-two.  So  closed  the  events 
0  the  dny,  and  the  .nny  that  night  rested  on 
tiio  battle-ground. 

7th    Tiie  next  day,  the  troops,  having  been 
greatly  lat.gued,  by  being  one  night   oil   the 
water,  the  next  day  constantly  on  foot,  and  the 
next_  night  under  arms,  added  to  their  want  of 
provm.on,  returned  to  the  landing  place.     About 
e  oven  o  clock  a.  m.,  Lieut.-Col.  Bradstreet,  with 
the    H,rty-fourth  regiment,   the  first  battalion 
ot    Koyal    Americans,   the    bateau    men,    the 
mngor.,  and  provincials,  set  out  to  take  i)osses- 
8I0U  of  the  saw-mill,  within  two  miles  of  the 


the  manuscript  council  minutes  for  1758,  pa o-e  219  is  t],^ 

rjuii^^*-  r-^f  ^'^-'^^^  andic",::ii:;::;;; 

council   hat  ho  had  brought  down  under  his  care  one  liun- 
dlnL7rrT,  '      ordered  that  the  prisoners 

pacr       ;'" '"r'^"^"^  places,  having  particular  regard  to 

vl'J!"  """'"  ""'^  ^^^■•'^rombie,  "very  deservedly  and  uni- 
iTLZT''^'  ^"^  "'^'^^^^  "-o-«-^-ut  the  wlfole  army 
int InnTv  f.l  "  """"',  *'"  ^'"'  ^""^  consternation  hf 
it  n  M  '"'  ""'^'^"•o"'^'^-  I  cannot  help  owning  that  I  felt 
it  most  hoavily,  and  lament  him  as  sincerely  " 


212 


LAKE   GEORGE    AND 


fort,  winch  was  soon  effected,  as  the  Frencli  had 
retired  the  dav  before.     Bradstreet  hiid  down  a 
now  bridge,  and  the  army  marclied  that  mVlit 
and  took  up  tlieir  quarters  tliere.     Tlie  Fi-ench 
hHd  idready  proceeded  to  build  an  abatis,  cover- 
ing tho  Mdiole  of  the  ground  between  tlie  fells 
and   the  reserved  tinaber  on  Lake  Champlain. 
A    flvoo  clock  in  the  evening,  "the  ground  was 
equally   divided    between    each   wheelbarrow, 
and  made  one  hundred  and  twenty-seven  paces 
i-v  each."    In  tl,e  evening,  the  troops  under 
Vo  Levi,  which  were  designed  for  an  attack  on 
tha  German  flats,  but  had  been  recalled,  arrived 
and  encamped  in  the  rear  of  the  three  brigades. 
8t  1.  At  five  o'clock  a.  m.,  each  battalion  was 
BOt  to    work    to  strengthen     the    abatis,   one 
liundred  and  fifty  paces  in  front  of  winch  the 
prokots  were  posted,  to  protect  the   worknaen. 
i  10  same  morning  Abercrombie  sent  out  Col 
UJark,  the  chiefengineer,  across  the  river    to 
wake  a  rcconnoisance,  from  Mount  Defiance. 
Upon  his  return  he  gave  a  favorable  report  of 
tho  prncf  icability  of  carrying  the  works  by  storm. 
Xho  reports  of  the  prisoners,  having  also  given 
infovmaUon   of   the   expected   re-enforr sments, 
under  Do    Levi,   who,   as  before  stated,   had 
already  arrived,  an   assault  was  ordered  that 
very  day. 


LAKE   CIIAMPLAIN, 


213 


Ticonderoga  is  ths  part  wJiich  includes  tlie 
militaiy  grounds,  just  as  thej  now  appear,  ex- 
tendnig  f,om  the  point  of  land   made  by  tlie 
confluence  of  the  waters  baok  on  the  shoiV.  of 
each,  f;.)r  one  mile,  and  here  tlie  first  wall  oi  the 
fort -the  old  French  lines,  as  they  are  called  - 
extend  across  from  water  to  water,  three-fourths 
of  a  mde.     In  this  triangular  formation,  within 
their  strong  intrenchment,  lay  the  entire  Fi-ench 
army.     Had  Colonel  Clark  ordered  a  road  built 
up   to,  and  a   battery  placed  on.   Mount   De- 
fiance, as  Burgoyne   afterward   did,  he  would 
have  commanded  the  place  and  they  would  have 
been  obliged  to  retreat,  without  the  power  to 
strike  a  blow.     But  thi3  was  not  to  be     De 
Levi  liad  charge  of  the  defenses  of  tlie  rio-ht 
with  the  regiments  of  La  Reine,  Beam   and 
C^ayenne ;   Bourlemaque  of  tlie  left,  with  the 
battalions  of  La  Sarre  and  Languedock ;  while 
Montcalm  retained  the  center,*  with  the  bat- 
tiilions   of  Berry  and  Rousillon.     In    all    the 
French  force  was  3,250  men.     Each  battalion 
had  a  reserve  of  pickets  and  grenadiers  stationed 


*  The  spot  ^vhere  Montcalm  stood  is  plainly  identified 
aW  nmety  yards  north  of  the  traveled  road  and  a  few 

^ZT''\^'  °!'  "'^^^-    ^^'^^-^^  ^^^  ^^  coa    oj 
aunng  the  entire  action. 


I 'I. ' 


214 


LAKE   GEORQE   AND 


beliind  it.  Tlie  riglit  and  left  rested  on  a  ravine 
protected  each  by  a  battery.  TJie  center  fol- 
lowing tlie  sinuosities  of  the  ground  and  keop- 
ing  on  the  summit  of  the  hei-hts,  flanked  the 
wings  reciprocally.  For  additional  defenses 
tlie  oak  trees  M^ere  felled  in  front  of  the  lines 
for  a  hundred  yards,  their  branches  sharpened 
and  pointed  outward. 

Experience  has  shown  a  work  of  this  kind 
when  defended  by  resolute  men,  to  be  in  fact 
impregnable.         , 

On  the  morning  of  this  day,  Colonel  Sir  Wih 
ham  Johnson  joined  the  English  army  with  live 
hundred  Indians  from  the  Six  Nations,  who 
took  post  on  Mount  Defiance,  silent  spectators 
of  the  extraordinary  fight  that  was  about  to 
take  place. 

The  orders  of  Abercrombie  provided  for  the 
rangers,  the  light  infantry,  and  the  right  win^r 
of  the  provincials  to  march  immediately  and 
post  themselves  in  a  line  out  of  cannon-shot  of 
the  intrencliment;    their  right  "extending  to 
Lake   George  and  their  left  resting  on  Lake 
Champlain."     These  were  supported  by  the  six 
regiments  of  Massachusetts  and  the  first  bat- 
tahon  of  the  New  York  regiment.     The  gren- 
adiers were  to  form  in  their  rear,  and  they  in 
turn  to  be  supported  by  the  battalions  of'  the 


LAKE  OlIAMPLArif. 


215 


Connorticut  and  New  Jersey  reRiments      Tl,. 

:  r :  ri'-  ""'r'  "> "-™ "'  -'4  I'd 

not  to  de  iver  their  Are  until  tl.ey  were  witl.in 
tlie  enemy's  breastworl<a. 

Two  rafts  were  constructed,  eacli  to  receive 

two  s,x.poundors,  which  descended  the  ri™ 

and  took  the  intreneh.nent  in  the  rear.     T    ee 

pieces  of  artillery  were  brought  to  bear  u,  on 

«.ese    ro,n  the  fort,  aided   by  Barnarf's Td 

Dnprat's  sharp-shooters,  which  sank  one  of  the 

afts  and  a  pontoon,  and  drove  back  some  twe  ty 

l».j!es  wh,ch  had  advanced  to  support  then' 

At  one  o'clock,  when  the  n,idday  sun  poured 
down  ,ts  hottest  rays  upon  the  scene  of  triffe 
Abe^nue  gave  the  fatal  order  to  attack* 
On  th  left  we,,  Eogers'  rangers,  in  the  center 
he  bateaux  men  of  Colonel  Bradstreet,  and  on 
tlie  nght  Colonel  Gage's  light  infantry. 

These  marched  up,  and,  having  received  the 
fire  from  the  work«,  they  moved  "aside  and  te 
reguhar  batt..lions   came   to   the  front.     Thes! 

ttTinT  f- *f  "1  ^^  *''^  *2^   Highlanders, 
then  m  the  he.ght  of  deserved  reputation  gained 
at  Fontenoy  and  elsewhere,  and  the  65th,  now 
commanded  by  tieutenant-Colone,    Prideau. 
^^^^^^J^t^ady^the  intrepid  columns  pressed 

•  Abercrombio'8  di.palch.    W^rh^rtoZu^^. 


m 


r 


isxV'"'?' 


216 


LAKE   GEOKOE   AND 


[[, 


III 


on  through  the  heavy  swamps  and  taiigh;d  iin  Ln*- 
wood,  their  ranks  now  shattered  by  tJse  deliber- 
ate  firo   of  the   French,   wjW   broiien   by   the 
uneven   ground;    they   passed   into    tlio   fallen 
timber   and    endeavored    to  force    theniseJvos 
Hnough  the  iniponetrable  abaiii.     The  French 
arlillery   pluyed  u[>on   the  center.     Still,  will 
thinned   b'lt    unbcolcoti    column,   they   pushed, 
unfjiltcring,  fclirovi.l!  the  oito  hundred  yards  of 
fallen  trees.    T'-^e  Tiiglilanders,  who  should  have 
been   it.  reserv,^   vnshed  to  the  front;    active, 
impetdons,  they  reached    the  trenches   at  the 
parapet,  which  were  liere  found  to  be  twenty 
feet  wide.     Ca])tain  John  Campbell  and  a  few 
of  the   Eob  Eoys  forced  their  way  over  the 
breastwork,  but  were  instantly  dispatched   by 
the  bayonet.     "  Fresh  troops  pressed  on,  rival- 
ing the  courage  and  sharing  the  fate  of  those 
.vho  had  led  the  way.     For  nearly  four  hours, 
like  the  succeeding  waves  of  an  ebb  tide,  they 
attacked   again    and    again,  each    time    losing 
somewhat  of  their  vantage  ground;  now  fiercely 
rushing  on,  unflinchingly  enduring  the  murder- 
ous fire,  then   sullenly  falling  back  to  reform 
their  broken  ranks  for  a  fresh  effort.      It  was 
vain  at  last,  as  it  was  at  first,  the  physical  dif- 
ficulties were  impassable ;  and  upon  that  rude 
barrier,    which    the  simplest  maneuver  would 


LAKE  CIIAMPLAIN. 


217 


havf: 


avoided,  or  one  hour  of  well  plied  artillery 
would  have  swept  away,  the  flower  of  British 
chivalry  was  cruslied  and  broken.* 

An  accident  at  last  arrested  this  melancholy 
cacnage.     A  British  column,  having  lost  their 
way  and  become  bewildered  in  the  forest,  when 
they  Anally  emerged  upon   the  open  ground, 
perceived  a  fire  close  in  their  front,  and,  as  they 
supposed,    from     the    French     intrenchments. 
Proiiiptly  they  poured  in  a  volley  upon  the  sup- 
posed enemy.     But  when  the  breeze  from  tlie 
lake  lifted  up  the  smoke,  they  saw,  to  their  con- 
fusion, that  their  shots  had  fallen  with  fatal 
precision  among  their  own  brethren. 

At  five  o'clock  the  columns  concentrated 
themselves  upon  the  angle  defended  bv  the 
battalion  of  Guyenne,  so  that  the  danger  became 
imminent  there.  De  Levi  hastened  thither 
with  some  troops  from  tlie  right,  and  Mont- 
calm, also,  with  part  of  the  reserve. 

At  six  o'clock  both  columns  turned  upon  the 
right  against  the  battalions  of  Rousillon  and 
Berry,  and,  being  again  repulsed,  made  a  part- 
mg  charge  on  the  left.  "  The  fire  on  the  one 
side  and  the  other,  was  like  that  at  the  battle 
of  Parma." 


*  Warburton's  Conquest  of  Canada,  ii,  94 
19 


218 


LAKH   GEORGE    AKD 


^  At  seven  o'clock  the  Englisli,  covered  by  the 
fire  of  the  raiiojers  and  provincials,  retreated, 
abandonincT,  with  the  iield  of  battle,  the  dead 
and  a  large  portion   of  their  wounded.     The 
slaughter,  which  had  been  almost  uninterrupt- 
edly carried  on  for  five  hours,  now  ceased,  the 
fortunes  of  the  day  were  decided,  and  a  mass 
of  human  bodies,  dying  and  dead,  covered  the 
ground  even  far  beyond  the  lines  and  strong 
battlements  of  the  enemy.     The  number  killed 
and  wounded  was  1,942,  of  which  1,608  were 
regulars,  and  334  were  provincials.     The  loss 
of  the  enemy  proved  to  be  380. 

The  English  regiments  retired  successively. 
Most  of  their  officers  had  been  struck  down. 
There  was  no  one  to  command,  Abercrombie 
being  two  miles  to  the  rear  at  the  saw-mills. 
As  they  fell  back,  their  disorder  became  irre- 
trievable, and  those  who  had  been  foremost  in 
the  assault,  were  soon  the  first  in  the  disgrace- 
ful flight.  Highlanders,  rangers,  provincials 
and  grenadiers  scarce  looked  behind  them  in 
their  terror,  when  no  man  pursued. 

The  fugitives  rallied  at  the  saw-mill  around 
the  rear  guard  which  were  posted  at  the  head- 
quarters.    But  before  confidence  was  restored 
an  extraordinary  command  of  Abercrombie,  to 
fall  back  to  the  landing,  increased  the  panic. 


LAKE  CIIAMPLAIN. 


219 


The  troops,  breaking  from  all  order  and  control 
crowded  toward  the  boats.     Fortunately  Brad- 
street,  who  seems  always  to  have  been'  in  the 
r.ght  place,  still  luid  a  small  force,  Md.ich,  like 
h.mselt;  were   not  shaken  by  the  panic.     He 
threw  himself  with  prompt  decision  before  the 
landmg  place,  and  would  not  suffer  a  man  to 
embark.     After  awhile  regularity  was  restored, 
and  the  troops  held  their  ground  for  tlie  nic^ht 
On  the  morning  of  the  9th,  orders  were  issued 
to  re-embark  the  army,  notwithstanding  that  it 
contained  still  12,000  fighting  men  and  several 
good    intrenched    camps.     The   army   reached 
i^  ort  Wilham  Henry  in  the  evening,  having  been 
absent  five  days.     The   wounded   oflicers  and 
men  were  sent  to  Fort  Edward  and  Albany 

At  the  time  of  his  death  Lord  Howe  was 
tJnrty-four  years  old.  Massachusetts  Bay  voted 
£2o0  for  a  monument  to  his  memory,  which 
was  placed  in  Westminster  Abbey,  and  bears 
the  following  inscription  : 

"The  province  of  Massachusetts  Bay,  in  New  England 
by  an  order  of  the  great  and  general  court,  bearin:  date 
February  1.  1759,  caused  this  monument  to  be  erected  L 
the  niemory  of  George  Lord  Viscount  Howe,  Brigadier- 
General  ot  his  Majesty's  forces  in  North  Ameri  a,  wL  was 
am  July  G,  1758.  on  his  march  to  Ticonderoga,  in  The 
tlnrty.  ourth  year  of  his  age,  in  testimony  of  the  :e;se  they 
had  of  h,s  servuces  and  military  virtues,  and  of  the  affection 
their  officers  and  soldiers  bore  to  his  command.    He  lived 


220 


LAFi;  (iKOltGi;   A»D 


respected  and  beloved.     The  public  rojfrettcd  his  loss;  to 
Ills  family  it  is  irro parable." 

Tlis  body  was  convoyed  back  through  Lake 
George  in  tlio  midst  of  the  army  ■/  '  '  h  lie 
had  beoii  tlie  i»ride  and  the  idol.  Under  the 
charge  of  his  friend  and  companion,  Capt.  Philip 
Schuyler,  the  remains  were  fc^rwarded  to  Fort 
EdwajJ,  thence  taken  to  Albany,  and  found  a 
temporary  resting  place  in  the  vault  of  the  sor- 
roving  family  who  mourned  him  as  one  of 
theii-  own.  Subsequently,  with  all  the  pomp 
of  military  display,  to  the  tolling  of  the  beils, 
the  discharge  of  minute  guns,  and  the  playing 
of  a  dirge,  in  the  presence  of  thousands,  the 
relics  were  borne  in  state  to  the  "English 
Church."  TI  ore,  with  solemn  Episcopal  rites, 
and  to  the  singing  of  a  requiem,  the  coffin, 
wrapped  in  a  prepared  canvas,  disappeai-ed  from 
public  view,  and  M'as  placed  in  a  vault  under 
the  chancel,  marked  with  the  lieraldic  insignia 
of  his  family. 

Forty-four  years  g-lided  away.  Two  gen- 
erations of  men  had  succeeded.  Those  ideas 
which  the  imaginat-  ;:-  of  the  grmt  FrankhT-. 
and  other  fathers,  near  this  spot  —  "glancing 
from  heaven  to  earth,  from  earth  to  1'.  ven  " — 
had  bodied  forth  as  tlio  forms  o''  thinirs  divine, 
were  called  into  shapes;  and        a*  v  nothings 


lis  loss;  to 


<>li  Lake 

'•■b  he 

luler  the 

)t.  riiilip 

to  Fort 

found  a 

the  sor- 

one  of 

le  pomp 

lie  beils, 

pLajiiig 

nds,  tlie 

'  English 

)al  rites, 

e  coffin, 

i-ed  from 

It  under 


nisignia 


t\'o  i^^on- 
se  ideas 
^'ranklii: 
glancing 
■ven  " — 
!  divine. 


otl 


iin 


gs 


I  , 


PHIL.  SCHUYLER. 


LAKK   CIIAMl'LAIN. 


221 


found  a  local  habitation  and  a  name.  The 
"Albany  plan  i»f  nnion"  had  assumed  a  reality, 
revised  and  enlarged,  as  the  basis  of  one  of 
the  most  powerful  nations  on  the  globe.  A 
new  and  stately  house  of  vvorshij)  had  been 
ereeted  to  take  the  place  of  the  low-browed 
church  in  the  street.  In  the  presence  of  those 
to  most  of  whom  the  events  chronicled  in  these 
pages  had  become  a  matter  of  tradition,  the 
vault  was  opened.  The  decayed  cofHn  of  rich 
mahogany  was  revealed  that  contained  the 
ashes  of  the  gallant  dead,  enshrouded  in  habili- 
ments of  gorgeous  silk.  The  hair,  dressed  in  the 
fashion  of  the  age,  was  found  to  have  grown 
several  inches ;  the  ribbon  that  bound  it  was 
yet  black  and  glossy.  All,  on  exposure,  shrank 
into  dust.  The  remains,  inclosed  in  a  new  chest, 
were  reverently  placed  along  the  north  wall 
of  the  modern  edifice.  Twenty-four  others, 
who,  in  a  former  age,  had,  either  from  their 
social  position  or  the  sanctity  of  their  lives,  been 
deemed  worthy  to  be  bnried  under  the  former 
church,  were  also  removed,  and  their  bones 
placed  side  by  side  near  the  foundation. 

Fifty-seven  years  had  elapsed,  and  again  in 

March,  1859,  the  "  Spmrr  of  the  Age"  swept 

over,  and  toucliod  the  place  with  its  magic  wand 

of  improvement.    Under  its  inspiration  the  now 

19* 


222 


LAKE   GEORGE 


I 


venerable  stone  building  disappeared,  its  place 
to  be  taken  by  the  beautiful  gotliic  St.  Peter's, 
which  now  occupies  the  ground. 

Again  the  sacred  remains,  inclosed  by  a 
double  coffin,  were  revealed  to  view,  and  still 
the  two  pieces  of  ribbon  which  bound  his  hair 
together  were  preserved.  Onc-e  more  the  coffin 
was  inclosed  by  another,  and,  by  the  now  gene- 
ration, carefully  and  reverently,  near  the  south- 
west corner  of  the  new  church,  wa?,  placed  m  a 
prepared  receptacle,  there  to  remain  until,  at  the 
bugle  call  at  the  last  reveille,  his  bones  will 
start,  and  his  soul  will  answer  to  the  FINAL 
MUSTEE.* 


*Cliancellor  Kent's  Historical  discourse.  Agricultural 
Transactions,  1852.  Winslow  C.  Watson.  Albr.ny  Evening' 
Journal,  April,  1859.     Letter  of  Mrs.  Cochran.     Lossing. 

No  monument  marks  the  spot  where  Lord  Howe  fell,  or 
wlusre  his  remains  are  deposited.  The  records  of  St.  Peter's 
contain  no  mention  of  the  spot.  Would  it  not  be  approjjri- 
ate  that  at  least  a  tablet  should  lie  placed  within  the  tower 
of  the  church  to  commemorate  the  deceased  1  The  esioemod 
author  of  the  "center  dial  address"  sufrgests,  among  ■others 
a  monument  to  Hendrick,  the  Mohawk  chieftain,  but  he 
strangely  omits  the  mention  of  one  to  the  memory  of  iiim 
with  whom  his  family  were  on  such  intimate  terms  of  friend- 
ship. To  raise  a  monument  to  the  representative  of  the 
wild  Indian,  and  omit  to  do  similar  honor  to  the  heroic 
chivalrous  leader  of  the  Anglo-Saxon,  seems  like  raising 
Caliban  to  the  throne  of  Prospero,  the  rightful  heir. 


CHAPTER  X. 

FllONTBNAO  TAKEN  — AMBUSH  AT  THE  FOUR-MILE  POST --AMBUSH  AT 
HAf,r-WAY  BROOK  —  ROOERS'  AND  PUTNAM'S  BATT'E  —  PUTNAM 
TAKKN  PRIHONEn  — AMHERST  IN  COMMAND  —  CAMPAIGN  OF  1759  — 
IIALK  TIIK  AIlMr  AT  LAKE  GEORGE  —  THEY  MOVE  ON  TO  CARILLON  — 
FORT  FUEnHnUK  ABANDONED  — CONCLUSION. 

V,f?:^^^BERCEOMBIE,  with  "his  now  use- 
less "  army,  proceeded  to  fortify  liim- 
■i^-^^m  ^''^^^  ^^  Lake  George.*  His  intrfiich- 
^i^  irients  extended  from  the  south  side 
of  tho  roeky  eminence  on  a  general  course  about 
north  fifty  degrees  west,  until  they  struck  the 
ravine,  under  Rattlesnake  hill,  near  the  Garri- 
son mill,  and  included  the  lines  known  as  Fort 
Oflf^o.  lie  also  occupied  Diamond  and  Long 
islai'ds,  with  a  guard  of  four  hundred  men  each, 
and  huj]'  a  sloop  of  war  carrying  sixteen  guns. 
The  diisliing  Col.  Bradstreet  was  detached,  with 
a  force  of  two   thousand  seven  liundred  men, 

*  Iknc.roft  says  :  "  He  sent  artillery  and  ammunition  to 
Allittdy  lor  Haf'oty.  But,  per  cojitra,  they  intrenched  on  the 
ruliiH  of  Fort  William  Henry,  retaining  all  their  artillery 
and  ammunition."    Doc.  x,  8iy. 

"  Since  the  8th  July,  Abercromble  has  spent  the  time 
In  fortif'yinjj  himself,  and  threatening  Carillon  with  a 
Bt;coiid  viHit."    Montcalm,  iUt  Sept.,  1758. 


224 


LAKE   GEORGE   AND 


agu.„Bt  Fort  Frontenac,  on  Lake  Ontario,  in 
winch  enterprise  he  was  eminently  successful, 
HTKl  after  razing  the  fortress  and  destroying  the 
veBselB  and  such  stores  as  could  not  be  hrcrught 
oft,  he  returned  to  Lake  George. 

Tlie  French  were  never  idle.  July  IGth  a 
imrty  of  twenty  soldiers  and  three  offi'cers  we're 
urnl,nshed  by  a  detachment  of  Canadians  and 

Imlmns  -The  impatience  of  the  Lidianspre- 
vcnited  the  detachment  destroying  a  party  of 
tbroo  hun.lred  English,  who  had  taken  refuge  in 
a  mall  stockaded  fort,  lately  erected  to  serve  as 
»  (fcjwt,  on  the  Fort  Edward  road  "* 

Jtdy  30.  A  train  of  fifty-four  wagons,  each 
of  Whicn  was  drawn  by  two  yoke  of  oxen,  was 
ieiHurely   proceeding  over  the    road   to    Lake 
O^orge,  escorted  by  a  lieutenant  and  forty  men 
llie    wagons  were    loaded   with    flour,   pork' 


nLTr  '  '^""'  '""^""'^'^  °f  ^  ™"«  below  Brown's 

I  tZ'"":-,  '''":''^^*'^'  thopickets  was  Visible  in  1845 
b^t  ho  ground  has  since  been  industriously  plowed  over 
«n.l  i«  «ow  nearly  obliterated.     There  were  two  forts  one 

IWf  way  brook.  The  latter  was  built,  by  Col.  Grant,  the 
ymr  following,  as  will  be  seen.    I  find  the  followino-  French 

2rhr/r"*  '■  ^  '"^^^^'^  ^^^^^^  ^-^  ^y^ 

»'V.  n  hundred  ,nen  at  the  Half-way  depot     Doc  x  8-50 
8opt«u.ber  29.  An  English  deserter  report!  he  left  ^ Ihot 


LAKE   CHAMPLAIN. 


225 


liquors,  effects,  mercliandise,  and  some  bap:gage 
belonging  to  Gen.  Abercrombie,  among  wljich 
was  his  mnsic.     They  were  also  accomi3anied 
by  sutlers,  traders,  women  and  children.     Near 
Half-way  brook  they  were  attacked  by  M.  de 
La  Corne,  commanding  a  body  of  four  hundred 
Canadians   and  Indians,  who  killed  the  oxen, 
two  hundred  and  thirty  in  number,  knocked  in 
the  liqnor  barrels,  and  pillaged  and  burnt  the 
wagons.     La  Corne   secured  one  hundred   and 
ten   scalps,    and  took,   including    the  oificors, 
eighty-four   prisoners,   of    whom    twelve   were 
women  or  girls.*     On  the  receipt  of  the  news 
of  this  attack  Abercrombie  sent  out  a  detach- 
ment  of   five    hundred   men,   commanded   by 
Majors  Rogers  and  Putnam,  to  intercept  the 
French  at  South  Bay.     But  they  were  too  late, 
and  La  Corne  reached  Carillon  in  safety.  Rogers 


sand  at  Fort  George,  eight  hundred  in  the  Entrepot  Fort, 
and  one  thousand  five  hundred  at  Fort  Edward.  Doc.  x, 
855.  It  was  intended  doubtless  to  prevent  a  repetition  of 
the  scenes  of  Johnson's  campaign  of  1755,  of  wliich  Aber- 
crombie would  be  likely  to  entertain  r,  wholesome  dread. 
It  protected  the  entrance  to  the  Bloody  defile,  and  would 
certainly  prevent  any  large  body  from  planting  an  ambus- 
cade. It  is  curious  that  Tryon's  map  locates  this  as  Fort 
Amherst.  But  this  is,  of  course,  a  mistake.  The  latter  was 
the  fort  at  Half- way  brook.  (See  page  .) 
*  Bancroft,  Doc.  x,  818. 


nil 


-«i 


\t 


226 


LAKE   GEORGE    AND 


was  on  the  point  of  returning,  when  he  received 
advice   tliat  M.  Marin  was  on   his  way  frotu 
Carillon   with  a  detachment  of   five  liundred 
men,  and  was   ordered  to  scout  down  toward 
Fort  Edward.    The  divisions,  which  had  become 
separated,  one  having  gone  over  to  Wood  creek, 
were  now  ordered  to  reunite,  and  measures  werj 
concerted  to  withdraw  as  directed.     The  com- 
mand  moved  in  three   columns;    two   led  by 
Rogers  and  Putnam,  respectively,  and  the  third 
by  Capt.  Dalyell.     At  evening  they  encamped 
on  Clear  river,  about  a  mile  west  of  Fort  Ann. 
The  next  morning  Eogers  amused  himself  by 
firing  at  a  marl:  with  one  of  his  ofiieers. 

At  this  time  Marin  was  but  a  mile  and  a 
half  distant,  and  by  means  of  the  tiring  was 
enabled  to  place  himself  in  an  ambuscade  for 
them.     The  engagement  took  place  abont  seven 
o'clock  A.  M.,  Aug.  8th.     Marin  put  in  two  vol- 
leys,  which   caused   the  provincials   to  waver. 
Putnam  halted  and  returned  the  fire.     Dalycll's 
detachment  came  up  and  supported  him.    Rogers 
made  a  detour  toward  Wood  creek,  in  order.  a« 
he  said,  to  prevent  the  enemy  from  passing  in 
that  direction  and  falling  upon  their  rear.     Tlie 
men,  scattered  behind  trees,  maintained  their 
ground,  tb.erc  being  little  distinction  between 
officers  and  privates. 


LAKE   CHAMrLAIN. 


227 


As  Putnam  thus  stood  fighting,  a  powerful 
Indian,  tomahawk  in  hand,  sprung  upon  him 
His  musket,  held  to  the  very  breast  of  the  sav- 
age, missed  lire.     The  latter  immediately  bound 
him  to  a  tree,  and  left  him  there,  to  mingle 
agam  in  the  fight.     A  young  brave  passing  by, 
took  deliberate  aim,  and  hurled  his  tomahawk 
directly,  to  appearance,  at  the  head  of  the  cap- 
tive.    It  barely  missed  its  mark,  and  stuck  in 
the  tree,  the  handle  quivering  in  the  face  of  the 
prisoner.     A  second  and  third  time  he  repeated 
the  experiment,  till  it  became  apparent  he  was 
merely  amusing  himself  at  the  expense  of  the 
captive,  and  did  not  intend  to  hit  him.     At 
length  he  retired. 

The   engagement    continued   for  about  one 
hour,  when  the  Americans  proved  victorious 
and   Marin  withdrew,  taking  with   him   some 
prisoners,  including  Putnam,  whose  hands  were 
tied,  his  shoes  and  stockings  taken  off,  and  his 
back  loaded  down  with  the  packs  of  the  Indi- 
ans.    At  night  they  stripped  him,  bound  him 
to  a  tree,  and  prepared  to   roast  him;  but  a 
shower  extinguished   the  fire.     At  length  the 
flames  caught  and  began  to  wreath  and  ^crackle 
and  shoot   up   their  spiral  folds  around  him, 
while  the  Indians  danced  and  sung  and  filled 
tlio  forest  with  their  discordant  yells.     At  that 


,*. 


'i: 


(Is 

I  li 


228 


LAKE   GEORGE    AND 


If 


'(  H- 


I  H 


i  'i 


moment  tue  commander,  who  had  just  arrived, 
seeing  tlie  entertainment  to  whicli  his  savage 
allies  liad  invited  themselves,  dashed  in,  and, 
scattering  the  tire-hrands,  released  the  victim/'^ 

Marin  returned  to  Carillon  with  his  prisoner, 
who  were  forwarded  to  Montreal,  and  the  suc- 
ceeding winter,  through  the  agency  of  Col. 
Schuyler,  of  the  Kew  Jersey  regiment,  Major 
Putnam  was  exchanged. 

The  news  of  the  disaster  at  Carillon  soon 
reached  Lord  Amherst,  now  the  conqueror  of 
Louisburg.  He  immediately,  without  orders, 
embarked  with  four  regiments,  and  a  battalion 
of  the  Royal  Americans,  for  Boston.  They 
landed  in  September,  and  at  once  marched 
through  the  woods  to  Albany.  Amherst  has- 
tened to  Lake  George,  where  he  arrived  on  the 
fifth.  On  the  third  of  November,  Abercrombie 
was  recalled  and  returned  to  England,  and  Lord 
Amherst  was  appointed  commander-in-chief  in 
his  place.  The  season  was  too  far  advanced  for 
offensive  operations.  The  intrenchments  were 
therefore  abandoned,  the  barges  conveyed  to 
Fort  Edward,  a,Dd  sent  down  the  river,  the 
sloops  scuttled  and  sunk,  some  of  the  guns 
buried,  and  the  army  retired  into  winter  quar- 


*  Bancroft ;  Fitch  ;  Headley. 


LORD    AMHERST. 


n 


ai 

m 


(^ 


of 
in 
to 
G, 


*  I 


fou 
Till 
"si 
dea 
sav 
edd 
thn 


LAKE   CHAMPLAIN. 


229 


ters,  at  Albany,  Schenectady,  New  York,  and 
Virginia.  Eight  hundred  men  were  left  at  the 
lake,  fifteen  hundred  at  Fort  Edward,  and  one 
hundred  and  fifty  men  at  Fort  Miller.* 

The  seventh  army  for  the  conquest  of  Canada 
commenced  assembling  at  Albany,  for  the  final 
movement,  on  the  first  of  March,  1759.  It  was 
composed  of  the  1st,  17th,  27th  (Inniskillings), 
42(1,  55th,  77th  and  80th  regulars,  and  the  pro- 
vincial regiments  of  Schuyler,  Lyman,  Kuggles, 
Whiting,  Worcester,  Fitch,  Babcock,  Lovewell' 
and  WiHard,  and  a  detachment  of  artillery 
under  the  command  of  Major  Ord.  Four  hun- 
dred bateaux  awaited  the  troops  at  Half-moon 
(Wiilurford). 

May  29th.  A  detachment,  under  command 
of  Major  West,  composed  of  regulars,  light- 
infantry,  provincials  and  rangers,  moved  uptnd 
took  post  on  the  road  from  Fort  Edward  to  Lake 
George,  and  there  constructed  a  small  stockaded 


*  While  lying  in  his  canoe,  near  this  place,  Putnam 
found  h)/nself  suddenly  surrounded  by  a  party  of  Indians 
There  was  no  outlet  of  escape  from  being  shot,  except  by 
"shooting  the  rapids."  To  attempt  this  seemed  certain 
death,  yet  he  boldly  turned,  and.  to  the  amazement  of  the 
eavagesv  as  they  saw  his  boat  whirled  amid  the  foaming 
eddies  *nd  the  rocks,  he  steered  his  frail  craft  safely 
through,  ' 

20 


230 


LAKE  GEORGE   AND 


M 


fort,  with  two  bastions  and  a  moat.*  The 
movement  of  the  army  had  ah-eady  commenced. 
Tlie  advance  was  under  the  command  of  Col. 
riavihind.  June  1.  The  Iligh.hmders  moved 
up  to  Ilalf-moon,  and  took  charge  of  tlie  artil- 
lery, which,  Avitli  the  supplies,  went  up  by  water, 
and  on  the  sixth  they  went  into  camp  at  Fort 
Edward.  Gen.  Gage  remained  at  Albany,  to 
bring  up  the  heavy  stores.  As  the  troops  arrived 
at  Fort  Edward  they  were  placed  in  camp  in 
the  positions  assigned  to  them  in  order  of  battle, 
the  first  and  'second  brigades  being  in  the  cen- 
ter, the  grc  .iit-rs  and  light-infantry  from  right 
to  left,  act.  dnj;'  tc  seniority,  and  the  flanks 
composed  nf  thei  provincials. 

All  sutlers  who  had  passes  and  were  not 
attached  to  regiments,  were  encamped  on  the 
ground  in  the  center  of  the  army,  and  a  market 
was  kept  there  for  selling  whatever  they  mio-ht 
bring  for  the  use  of  the  army. 

Colonel  Haviland  remained  at  his  camp,  oppo- 
site Fort  Miller. 

IJrth.  The  Highlanders,  with  a  detachment  of 
500  provincials  under  Lieut.-Col.  Paysan,  and 
two  six-pounders,  the   whole    commanded  by 


♦Knox's  Jourrtal. 
post  below  Brown's. 


This  was  probably  at  the  fonr-mile 


a 


I-AKE  CIIAMPLAIN. 


231 


Col  Grant,  moved  out  to  Ilulf-way  brook,  and 
built  a  .stockade  tl.ere,  known  as  Fort  Anilierst 
Uiptain  Stark,  with  a  cnipany  of  ranger,  from 
the  four-mile  post,  and  a  company  of  Indians, 
wa':  ordered  to  join  them.* 

Tlie  same  day  the  General  was  pleased  to 
approve  the  following  sentences  of  court-mar- 
tial:     Andrew  Yates,   1,000  lashes  with  a  cat- 
o-nme-tails;     John     Halfworth,     500     lashes: 
Thomas  Sn^th,  1,000  lashes;    Samuel  Pearce 
1,000  lashes.     "  Smith  is  to  receive  his  in  the 
ollowmg  manner:  at  12  m.  he  is  to  be  n.arched 
hy  a  provost  to  the  right  of  the  line,  and  is  to 
ijceive  100  lashes  at  the  head  of  each  regiment 

tZfnv''  '^''  ^'"'^'''"^  ''^"  '"'^^  ''  '^''  P^^^- 
15th.  The  55th  regiment,  together  with  fif- 
teen pieces  of  the  royal  artillery,  moved  up  this 
Gmnt''        '^"^^"""""^^  P°'*'  ^"^1  reported  to  Col. 

18th.  The  first  battalion  of  the  Massachusetts 
moved  up  to  Half-way  brook,  taking  with  them 
storel^''   "'"'''^''•^    ""^  provisions,   bateaux    and 

19th.  The  Eoyal,  with  the  New  Jersey  regi- 
ment and  Connecticut  troops,  marched  to  the 


■  Wilson's  Orderly  Book,  p.  24.    Knox. 


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232 


LAKE   GEORGE   AND 


I 


..t1 


•'3 


seven-mile  post  under  the  command  of  Colonel 
Forster.  Thence  they  proceeded,  with  the 
addition  of  two  field-pieces,  a  company  of 
rangers  and  some  Indians,  and  took  post  about 
three  miles  this  side  of  Lake  George,  where  the 
Colonel  proceeded  to  clear  the  ground,  throw 
up  an  intrenchment  and  fortify  it  with  the 
trees  that  were  felled.*  EighL  hundred  men 
were  derailed  for  mending  the  roads. 

21st.  This  da}'^  the  stockade  at  the  seven-mile 
post  was  finished.  Lieut.-Col.  Paysan  remained 
in  command,  with  1,000  provincials  and  seven 
field-pieces.  Provisions,  bateaux  and  whale- 
boats  continued  to  arrive  at  this  point,  v'hicli 
the  Colonel  was  very  alert  in  forwarding  to  the 
lake.  The  weather  was  intolerably  hot,  and 
the  teams  could  scarcely  perform  their  duty. 
The  same  day  Gen.  Amherst  moved  up  with  the 
bulk  of  the  army  to  the  lake,  and  encamped  on 
its  woody  banks.  The  next  day  he  traced  out 
the  plan  of  Fort  George. 

27th.  Some  boats  of  the  enemy  appeared  on 
the  lake  near  Diamond  island,  and  attempted 
to  surprise  a  couple  of  officers  who  were  fishing 
there,  but  did  not  succeed. 


*  Knox. 


Colonel 
th  the 
my  of 
I  about 
ere  the 
,  throw 
;th  the 
sd  men 


en-mile 
rnained 
I  seven 
whale- 
,  v'hich 
to  the 
)t,  and 
'  duty, 
^ith  the 
ped  on 
ed  out 

red  on 
3mpted 
fishing 


BXriNS  OF  FORT  GEORGE. 


r 


.i  I 


LAKE   CIIAMPLAIN. 


233 


Jn  J  1    The  sloop  of  war  Halifax,  wliicli  was 
scut  led  last  year,  was  raised.     TJie  troops  were 
employed   in  eonstrncting  the  stone  fortress  * 
which  IS  of  an  irregular  form,  situated  upon 
a  rock ;  has  one  front  to  the  lake,  and  a  large 
jnorass  on  the  other  sides.     A  casemate  is  to  Se 
budt  sufficient  for  400  men,  and  there  is  plenty 
of  good  limestone  and  brick-olay  on  the  spot." 
taeen  men  of  the  ]^ew  Jersey  regiment  went, 
^Mthout  leave,  on  the  west  side  of  the  camp,  to 
cut    spruce.      About    a    mile   out    they  Le 
attacked  by  a  party  of  Canadians  and  Indians, 
who  kdled  and  wounded  eleven  of  them ;  the 
rest  escaped. 

thf fn..?'  -"^^T"'  "''^'  ^''""^  ^'-'Sr-ess  with 
the  fo.t,  having  obtained  a  new  supply  of  brick- 
layers and  masons.  A  number  of  men  we^e 
employed  in  making  brick  and  lime.  The  men 
were  daily,  at  5  a.  m.,  practiced  at  target  firin<. 
and  the  camp  was  not  to  be  alarmed  at  the 
finng  here  or  at  the  four-mile  post,  where  they 
M'lll  hre  at  the  same  hour." 

6tii.  Capt.  Loring,  of  the  navy,  in  addition  to 
niising  and  rigging  the  sloop  Halifax,  also  built 
a  ratt  to  carry  nine  twelve-pounders. 


*  Fort  George.     The  fort  was  never  finished 
20* 


234 


LAKE   GEORGE   AND 


J 


21,  Lord  Amlierst  embarked  with  the  troops. 
The  force  consisted  of  six  buttalions  of  regulars, 
numbering,  officers  included,  5,743  men,  nine 
regiments  of  provincials,  comprising  5,279  men, 
and  111  of  the  royal  artillery,  with  fifty-four 
pieces  of  ordnance  of  various  kinds,  in  all  num- 
bering 11,133.  For  the  last  time  a  great  army 
pjissed  through  the  Lake,  and  on  the  following 
day  they  landed  near  the  spot  where  Aber- 
crombie  had  disembarked  the  year  before. 

The  French  troops  at  Carillon  numbered  two 
thousand  three  hundred  men,  under  the  command 
of  Bourlemaque.  Montcalm  had  withdrawn  the 
flower  of  the  army  to  the  defense  of  Quebec. 
He  met  the  English  near  the  landing,  and 
skirmished  up  to  the  intrenchments.  Amherst 
pressed  on  and  took  up  a  position  at  the  saw- 
mill. The  troops  lay  upon  their  arms  that 
night.  The  same  night  Bourlemaque  aband- 
oned the  fort,  with  the  largest  part  of  his 
army,  and  took  a  position  a1)out  ten  miles  down 
Lake  Champlain,  leaving  Hebecourt  and  four 
hundred  men,  with  orders  to  blow  up  the  fort, 
and  retire  as  soon  as  the  English  had  estaV- 
lished  their  first  batteries. 

23d.  The  grenadiers,  perceiving  the  intrench- 
ments to  be  deserted,  immediately  occupied  them. 
In  the  center  of  the  works  the  French  had  erected 


le  troops, 
regulars, 
len,  nine 
279  men, 
Hfty-four 

all  nnm- 
'eat  army 
following 
re  Aber- 
ive. 

)erecl  two 
command 
irawn  the 

QueLec, 
ing,  and 
Amherst 
the  saw- 
rms  that 
e  aband- 
•t  of  liis 
lies  down 
and  four 
I  the  fort, 
ad  estaV- 


intrench- 
iedthem. 
d  erected 


«     i 


Ill 


I       J-  I 

it 

i 


I.AKE   CIIAMPLAIN. 


285 


a  lofty  cross,  in  celebration  of  the  victory  of  tl.o 
year  before.     On  the  cross  was  aftixed  a  plate 
of  brass,  with  the  following  inscni,ti,)n  : 
"  Pono  principes  eorum  sicut  Oreb  et  Zober  et  Zalniunna."* 
The  French  received  them  with  a  shower  of 
Bhot  and  shell,  and  at  night  nmde  a  sudden 
attack  upon  the  trenches,  killing  and  woundin- 
sixteen,  and  caused  such  confusion  that  in  the 
darkness  of  the  night  the  British  troops  iired 
upon    each  other.     Col.    Townshend,    deputy 
adjutant-general,  a  young  and  gallant  officer, 
the  Lord  Howe  of  the  army,  was  struck  down 
by  a  cannon-shot. 

26th.  The  English  approaches  having  been 
advanced  within  six  hundred  yards  of  the  fort 
and  the  batteries  finished,  Hebecourt  retired  with 
the  French,  from  the  contested  walls  of  Caril- 
lon, having  left  every  gun  loaded  and  pointed 
several  mines  charged  for  the   destruction  of 
the  defenses,  and  a  lighted  fuse  communicatinc. 
vyith  the  well  stored  powder  magazine,  which 
sliortly  blew  up,  with  a  tremendous  explosion 
The  wooden    barracks,   the  stores,   and   other 
combustible  matter  were  burned.     At  daylight 
the  next  morning,  a  sergeant  succeeded  in  stHk- 
mg  the  French  flag,  and  raising  that  of  England 


I 


*See  Judges  vii,  25,  also,  viii,  13,  and  Ps.  Ixxxiii,  11. 


230 


LAKE   GEOROK   AND 


■I: 


Ml 


m 


in  its  place,  which  for  the  first  time  now  waved 
over  tin's  gloomy  fortress.     Soon  after  a  deta«cli- 
mcnt  was  sent  in  to  extinguish  the  flames,  wliich 
was  speedily  accomplished.     Lord  Amherst  set 
to  work  at  once  to  repair  the  fort,  which  was 
comparatively   uninjured.      Most   of  the   ram- 
parts, the  covered  way,  and  the  walls  of  the 
buildings  remained.*     He  devoted  himself  to 
leveling  his  own  siege  works  and  completino- 
the  road  from  the  shore.     The  loss  of  the  Brit*^ 
ish,  in   the  seige,  was  seventv-six  killed   and 
wounded.     The  French  leisurely  retired  to  Fort 
St.  Frederick. 

"  Peace,  peace,  my  Lord,"  writes  Dorieh    "  No 
matter  at  what  sacrifice,  as  regards  boundaries. 

Twill  be  so  much  gained,  if  the  people  will  only 
work  well  when  it  is  conchided."  But  it  was 
not  to  be.  There  was  to  be  no  peace  nntil  the 
whole  French  government  in  America  had  sur- 
rendered to  the  Anglo-Saxon. 

^  Aronnd  Fort  St.  Frederick,  which  for  twenty- 
eight  years  had  been  a  menace  and  a  challenge 
to  the  English  colonies,  as  far  as  the  eye  could 

*Mr.  Watson  speaks  of  this  venerable  fortress  as  "with- 
out assimilation  to  any  thing  in  America,  and  exhibiting 
the  appearance  of  an  ancient  castle  of  Europe,  enveloped  in 
the  mist  of  ages,  and  surrounded  with  the  associations  of 
centuries." 


waved 

^leta'cli- 
,  which 
ii'rtt  set 
ah  was 
}   rain- 
of  the 
?elf  to 
)lcting 
3  Brit- 
1  and 
0  Fort 


I'ies. 


on 


was 
the 


siir- 


ntj- 


i  111 
of 


a 

f( 


a: 


LAKE   CUAMl'LAIX. 


237 


extend,  a  rich  and  boantiful  (!(Mintry  met  tlio 
view.     Tlic    verdant  turf,  and  wheat  ^'rowing 
fiekls,  extended  fVoni  the  water'8  edf,'e  hack  to  the 
hase  of  tlie  mountains,  and  a  popnhition  of  fif- 
teen hundred  people  found  slielter  arontid  the 
fort,    A  town  was  already  l)uilt.    They  l;ad  tlieir 
fruit  trees,  their  gardens  and  their  vineyards. 
An  avcnuG  swept  in  a  wide  curvature  around 
the  mr.rgin  of  the  Lake,  l)eyond   which  lay  the 
principal   street,   extending   into   the   country. 
The  cellars  were  excavated  from  the  solid  rock, 
and  their  compact  arrangement,  and  the  narnjw- 
ness  of  the  avenue,  find  their  counterpart  in 
many  an  ancient  village  in  Canada.     The  side- 
walks formed  of  flagging,  the  stones  smooth  and 
worn,   still    attest  the    generation    who    once 
thronged  them  in  the  busy  scenes  of  life.  Aspara- 
gus,   shrubs,    and    the   celebraf    1   Adirondack 
grape  flourished  here.     A  churcn  stood  within 
the  ramparts,  and  several  stores  furnished  the 
convenient  mart  for  commerce  and  the  profita- 
ble exchange  of  civilized  products  for  peltries. 
The  ambitious  politicians  of  the  day  dreamed  of 
the  time,  subsequently  attempted  under  Amherst 
and  Skeene,  when   a  new  province  might   be 
founded,  extending  from  St.  Lawrence  and  the 
Connecticut,  embracing  the  Green  Mountains 
and  the  Champlain  valley,  with  Crown  Point  as 


r 


238 


LAKE   GEORGE   AND 


its  capital.  The  seignories  of  Aliania  and  IIoc- 
qnart  had  been  already  laid  out  and  Burvejed, 
the  first  extending  down  to  Carillon,  the  latter 
covering  the  fertile  valley  of  Otter  creek.  Had 
thi>^  event  occurred,  Northern  New  York  would 
not  now  exliibit  a  vast  expanse  of  uncultivated 
and  unreclaimed  wilderness. 

Regiochne*  was  tlie  recognized  boundary  be- 
tween the  Mohawk  hunting  grounds  and  those 
conceded  to  the  Si  Lawrence  Indians.     Had 
the  French  confined  tliemselves  to  the  country 
above  this  well  established  point,  it  is  evident 
that  tlie  boundary  line  of  New  York  and  Canada 
would  have  been  the  parallel  of  latitude  extend- 
ing through  from  this  point  to  Wells  river,  on 
the  Connecticut ;  and  on  the  west  to  the  Thou- 
sand Isles,  opposite  to  Frontenac;  and  at  this 
day  the  magnificent  province  of  Canada  would 
doubtless   have    been    preserved    as   the   most 
illustrious  jewel  of  the  French  empire.      But 
imbecility  ruled  the  hour;  and  from  the  time 
when  the   order   was  given   for   an   army   of 
occupation  to  possess  Fort   St.  Frederick,  the 
doom  of  Canada  was  sealed. 

Deep  was  the  sorrow  of  the  Canadictus  when 
they  abandoned  forever  that  lovely  land,  adorned 


*Doc.  vii,  570. 


LAKE   CHAMPLAIN. 


239 


by  tlieir  taste  and  industry,  rescued  by  them 
from  he  dominion  of  tlie  wolf  and  tlie  bear, 
e  i-engthened  by  their  skill  and  toil,  defended  by 
heir  best  blood,  and  endeared  to  their  gallant 
Iiearts  by  memories  of  glorious  victories  But 
It  was  _  impossible  to  resist  the  overwhelmin.. 

loir^i'T  ^'"^"  '"'^"^  ^^^-  ^^--f-e 

down  H  'm  "''"'^^^^    ^'-''''''^''^   "^--J 

do  vn  the  lake  mto  the  narrows,  until,  in  round- 
ing Regio  Rock,  for  the  last  time  and  for- 
ever, tlieir  country  disappeared  from  their  view 
The  French  retired  to  Isle  au  Noix,  where, 
with  one  hundred  pieces  of  cannon,  thirty-five 
Imndred  men,  and  four  armed  vessels,  com- 
manded by  naval  officers  and  a  picked  crew, 
they  presented  an  impregnable  fronton  the  very 
tiireshold  of  Canada. 

Meanwhile  Major  Rogers  was  sent  forward 
witii  two  hundred  rangers,  to  feel  of  the  enemy 
and  seize  upon  some  safe  position,  which  he 
was  to  hold  until  relieved  by  the  advancing 
army.  » 

August  4.  Lord  Amherst  arrived  and  took 
possession  of  Fort  St.  Frederick  with  its  guns, 
stores  and  intrenching  tools.  A  portion  of  the 
works  had  been  blown  up  three  days  before  by 
the  retreating  French.  After  encamping  his 
troops,  he  proceeded,   in  accordance  with  his 


240 


LAKE    GEOEQE. 


instructions  from  Pitt,  to  trace  out  and  build  a 
new  foi't,  to  be  in  future  time  known  as  Ckown 
Point,  "  whicb,  from  its  situation  and  strengtli, 
will  most  effectually  cover  the  whole  country' 
and  insure  its  quiet  and  peaceable  possession  " 
Although  nerer  completed,  this  fort  is  said  to 
have  cost  the  English  government  more  than 
two  millions  of  pounds  sterling.     The  ramparts 
were  about  twenty-five  feet  thick  and  nearly  the 
same  in  height,' and  were  built  of  solid  masonry. 
The  curtains  varied  in  length,  from  fifty-two  to 
one   hundred  yards;   and    the  whole*  circuit 
measuring  around  the  ramparts  and  including 
the  bastions,  was  eight  hundred  and  fifty-three 
yards.     A  broad   ditch   surrounded  the  work 
On  the  north  was  a  gate,  and  from  the  north- 
east bastion  a  covered  way  leading  to  the  water 
But  the  glory  of  Crown  Point  is  departed.' 
Ihe  cattle  ruminate  in  its  bastion,  sheep  feed 
upon  its  walls,  and   the  wild  grape   may  be 
plucked  from  the  ruins  of  its  magazine. 

"  There  is  given, 
Unto  the  things  of  earth  which  time  hath  bent 
A  spirit's  feeling,  and,  where  he  hath  leant 
His  hand,  but  l.oke  his  scythe,  there  is  a  power 
And  magic  in  the  ruined  battlement, 
For  which  the  palace  of  the  present  hour, 
Must  yield  its  pomp,  and  wait  till  ages  are  its  dower." 


and  build  a 
'n  as  Crown 
nd  strengtli, 
ole  country, 

possession." 
I't  is  said  to 

more  than 
he  ramparts 
d  nearly  the 
id  masonry. 

fifty-two  to 
ole  circuit, 
d  including 
I  fifty-three 
the  -work, 
1  tlie  north- 
)  the  water. 
J  departed. 

sheep  feed 
)e  may  be 
ne. 

ient, 
wer 


iower." 


•  1 1 


T 


(V 


LAKE     GEORGE. 


IS  OPEN  FOE  THE  EEOEPTION  OF  GUEm 

anrl    H  ,:     i?T^'  a'ljoini"g  Fort  George 

Th.  «  ?n-   ^'■''"•=''    S'^^l^    Ground, 
ilie  Builcling  contains  450  rooms 
which  may  be  had  in 

Suites  or  Private  Parlors,  as  Desired. 

supTSMir"'^  ''  '^"-^  P''^^  "^  ^^'^  House,  Which  i« 

^^^^  ^Ai>  WAItM  BATHS. 

The  entire  House  is  brilliantly  lighted  with  gas' made  on 
the  premises. 

A  Celebrated  Band  is  Engaged  for  the  Season. 

THE   TELEGRAPH 

Connects  with  all  Imes  througluhe  State,  and  gives  report. 

STOCK  MAEKST  THREE  TIMES  A  DAY. 
A  Livery  Stable  is  connected  with  the  Hotel 

and  through  the  surroTn^  ^^^^^S^^Z^^t^' 
FRENCH    COACHKS, 

Warrensburgh.    Time,  one  hour 


T.  EOESSLE  &  SON,  Proprietora. 


[I 


n 

>    ! 
1 

r 

r 
j 

; 

?! 
\ 

1 

I 


LAKE    GEORGE. 


0 

< 
0 


tf 


Open  for  the  ReoepUon  of  auests  from  June  1  to  Oct  15. 

IIouH,. '8  fnn  iHh^  Fn-nd,  H„ry|„j,  a„d  Buttle  (Jromuls/ The 

Ol^f/?  100  ROOMS  AND  PRIVATE  PARLORS. 

on  ho  .  U,  ,  '"  '7'  '•'"'•«•""  «■<>  "Pnclous  Piaz/as-onc  fronting 
sSenon-     On  1^^    ".*'i"  '"">f»>fl<«'"t  view  of  Lake  and  Mountain 

two  flne  rn.  ., ,  -  If. '""'  '''.'^\")  ""  '  '•''scendH  towards  tlie  Lake,  are 
two  line  Cott««e*^  oiui  contiiinlnK  nine  and  the  other  three  rooms. 

o'X-rrlfrTilflli''!"''"'  •^•"''*  "Very  morning  (Sundays  excepted)  at  8 
ffoi  l'  \^[r,h  «.  s '?  .r'''/'''"V*'*''l^  '*■'»*'  ^'"^c  Champlain  Steamers 
of   lH.^akn      ir.    \\.   u^^^  '".**'«  nfternoon  upon  the  arrival 

II«  ISP  .l™  V  I  m'  ''  '  ,**'""'"'•'••;.  ""d  lands  passengers  at  the  Lake 
Hotel?  '"""wllattily  after  landing  at  tte  Fort  William  Henry 

STAGES  LEAVE  THE  LAKE  HOUSE  EACH  DAT, 

N?rYnl!i*^„?*/H*"'r  *"""."  r'"'  ""  •■•"'"«  '■"'•  Saratoga,  Troy,  Albany, 

Brook  Trout,  Venison  and  Birds,  in  their  season. 

DinneMto^pa^UoH!""  """  "'  ""  ""'""  ^"^  ^'''P'"'*'*  ^'^  '"'""'«'*  ^"'"^ 
GAME  DINNKKN  AT  TABLE  D'HOTE  ON  SUXDAIS. 

»«^r  "^.PyP'  ^"»'>1"  '«  connected  with  the  Hotel     Persons  wishing 
iage    m   ef  'The"d?ll^""""':f  %'^."  '"'^■«  P'""^'''^  'tabira  d  ri^r^ 

?o|^z':^o''u.,.i?';r:!t;;;;L'ri.^''''"  '''"^«  ^^^  "^-"^'»'  ^"^  -'- 

V^  Lake  Oeorgu  In  s  good  point  of  departure  for  the  Adirondacks. 
Board  per  Day,  $3.60 1  Board  per  Week,  $14  to  $17.50. 

H.  J.  ROCKWELL,  Proprietor. 


m 


m 


'!M 


-(^LEN?  f  ALL?,  |jAKE  -CjEOI^qE   8f  pHE^TEF} 


NEW  OOAOHES  AND  EQUIPMENTS,  FAST  HOESES. 

LAKE  GEORGE  PASSENGERS 

Who  take  this  route  will  leave  the  Kallroad  at 

GLENS      FALLS, 

And  passing  over  tn(S  Plank    md,  will  witness  the  exquisite  river 

scenery  of 


So  graphically  described  in  Cooper's  "Last  of  the  Mohicans," 
the  scenes  of  the  Border  Conflicts  in  the 

OLD    FRENCH    WAR, 

And  will  travel  across  the  battle  ground  of 

DiESKAu  AND  Sii\  Willi  AM  Johnson. 

The  Stages  connect  with  the  three  trains  going  North,  and  the 
Morning,  Mid-day  and  Evening  trains  going  South, 

The  morning  line  also  runs  to 

WARAENSBURGH,  CHESTER,  POTTERSVILLE,  SCHROON  LAKE, 

From  which  places  good  Liveries  are  always  in  readiness 
to  carry  passengers  to  the 

ADIRONDACKS,  LONG  LAKE,  RAQUETTE  LAKE  AND 
MOUNT  TAHAWA8. 


E.  PUTNAl^,  Superintendent. 


LAKE     GEORGE. 


THE  STEAMER 


/if 


Captain  E.  S.  HARRIS, 

MAKES  DAILY  TKIPS  THROUGH  THE  LAKE 

connecting  with  the  boats  on 

Lake    Champlain,   for    Montreal,   Quebec,    Niagara, 

White  and  Franconia  Mountains, 

Mount  Mansfield, 

and  the  Railway  to 

SARATOGA,  TROY.  ALBANY  &  NEW  YORK. 


THE 


cc 


iwmmMkMk'' 


Loaves  her  dock,  at  Caldwell,  every  morning,  Siindayp   excented 
at  1)4  o-d„ck-steam.  down  the  l.afce  among  the  IslandH    "^      ' 
and  through  to  Ticonderoga,  connectPng  with 

LAKE  CHAMPLAIN  STEAMERS 

GOING  NORTH    AND   SOUTH, 

Returning  in  the  afternoon  upon  the  arrival  of  the  Lake  Chamnlaln 
o'cS  p:  m"^  ^^  "'  •"""  ^"""^  "*  ^^^  ^°''  ^""""^  "''"'y  Hotd^at  6 

n„^"r?i?*'^.''^  i?®  PJ^D^O^  RIVER  RAILROAD  (four  trains  daily), 
hv  fh^m?,?a^t^^TiT.^  "JXir  "t  the  Lake  in  time  for  Tea  same  day 
ner  next  da^  ^  STEAMERS  (night  boats),  in  time  for  Dfnl 


f 


LAKE     CHAMPLAIN 


LAKE  OHAMPLAIN 


i'  ' 


ADraONDACK, Capt.  Wm.  H.  Flagg. 

CANADA, Capt.  Wm.  Anderson. 

UNITED  STATES.         ....  Capt.  J.  C.  Babbitt. 
MONTREAL, Capt,  Henry  Mayo. 

Make  close  connections  for 

Mount  Mansfield,  White  and  Franconia  Mountains, 
Montreal,  Ogdensburgh,  Quebec, 

SARANAC   A^NTt   CHAZY    LAKES, 

ADIEONDACK  MOUNTAINS, 

AND  THE 

NORTH    ^VOODS. 

The  day  boat  enables  the  tourist  to  see  Plattsbnrgh, 
Cumberland  Bay— the  scene  of  McDonough's  vict  -  in 
1814r-Burlington,  Ragio  Rock  (Split  Rock),  Kanondo...  (the 
Narrows),  Og-haronde  (Windmill  Point),  Point  au  Cheva- 
lure  (Crown  Point),  Carillon  (Ticonderoga),  Mt.  Defiance, 
Canaghsione,  (The  Two  Rocks),  Putnam^s  Rock  (Fiddler's 
Elbow),  places  renowned  in  American  History.   Connects  at 

WHITEHALL 

with  Morning  and  Evening  Trains  on  the  Great  Southern 
and  "Western  route  for  all  parts. 


O.  C.  MITCHELL,  Supt., 

BUKLINGTON,  Vt. 


• 


LAKE    GEORGE. 


OHI€AIf  HOUil 


D 


bolto:n^. 


This  well  known  House  is  situated 


on 


GANOUSKIE   OR   NORTHWEST  BAY, 

TEN  MILES  FROM  CALDWELL. 

^iUtU  ^ttommoAmon  tot  j5ixty  ^eo^U, 

Situate  opposite  the 

F//\/E  FISHING  GROUNDS 

And  its  location  is  the  most  delightful  upon  the  Lake. 


S.    W.    CLEMAN8, 


Proprietor. 


LAKE    GEORGE. 


BROWN'S  HALF-WAY  HOUSE. 

VIrUofh  nt 
By  drlvinK  down  to 

FOUR  MILEO  ON  THE  PLANK  ROAD, 

Will  paoe  the  battle  ground  of 

Sen's.  Johnson  and  Dieskau,  Bloody  Pond,  and 
RoQky  Brook, 

The  place  of  the  atnbuBcade  and  death  of 

COL.  WILLIAMS  AND  KING  HENDRICK,  IN  SEPT.,  1755. 

They  can  also  visit  the  place  of  the 
STOfKAJiE  AT  THE  FOVIt  MIZE  I'OST, 

BUILT  BY  ABERCROMBIE,  IN    1768, 

And  the  scene  of  an  Engagement  and  Capture 

BY  THE  FBE17CH  AND  INDIANS  IN  TEE  SAME  7EAB, 

And  by  driving  to  the 
CORNING   ORE    BED, 

About  a  mile  distant,  person!)  may  witness  the  interesting 
process  of 

SINIiINO    A.    SHAFT. 

Heft-e8hsT:enirt  of  all  kinds  at  the  Hotel,  and  dinners  for  parties 

gott  n  up  ;^.?  -  "k'.v  short  notice. 


GEORGE  BROWN,  Proprietor. 


PEOPtE'S  Um  OF  8TEAMEBS, 

JJKTWEKN 

yrw  YORK  AND  ALliANW 

Leaves  Pier,  foot  of  Canal  Street,  New  York,  Daily, 
except  Sundays,  at  6  o'clock  P.  M. 


STEj^is^EK.  ST.  cronisr, 

Oaptuin  W.  H.  Christopher, 

Leaves    Albany,    "Mr)n(liiyH,    Wednesdays    and    Fridays 
at  8i  o'clock  P.  M. 

ste^:m:ei^  2di?.e^w", 

Captain  8.  R.  Roe, 

Leaves  Albany,  Tuesdays,  Thursdays  and  Saturdays,  at 
8i  o'clock  P.  M, 


ClotR  Conner  ti.us  made  with  the  Rensselaer  and  Sara- 
toga l.ailroad  at  Albany,  to  and  from  Saratoga,  Lake 
George,  Luzerne,  White  Mountains  and  Adirondacks. 

Baggage  Checked  Tlirough.   Passengers  Carried  to  Boats  Free. 


J.  W  HAEOOURT,  Agent. 


SARATOGA     SPRINGS. 


THE 


mMMM&M  M&rM& 


IB  NOW 


»ll 


OPEN  FOR  THE  SEASON. 

No  pains  have  been  spared  to  make  this  well  known 
Hotel  perfect  in  every  respect. 

CHARLES     E.    LELAND, 

Proprietor. 


The  "  Wasijington  Spring,"  situated  in  the  grounds  of 
the  "Clauendon  Hotel,"  has  for  more  than  sixty  (60) 
years  occupied  a  prominent  place  among  the  celebrated 
waters  of  Sakatoga. 

It  can  be  used  at  all  hours  of  the  day,  by  all  classes  of 
invalids,  while  to  those  who  are  in  perfect  health,  it  is  a 
delightful  and  invigorating  beverage. 

Put  up  in  Pint  Bottles  only,  and  careftilly  packed  in  cases 
of  four  dozen  each  for  shipping. 


CHARLES  B.  LELAND,  Proprietov. 


SARATOGA    SPRINGS. 


CONGRESS  HALL. 

> 
EBECTKD  ON  THE  8ITK  OF  THK 

Old  Congress  Hall,  Adjoining  Congress  Spring, 

AT  A  COST  OF 

FIVE  HUNDRED  THOUSAND  DOLLARS, 

AMD 

COVERING  OVER   THREE  ACRES  OF  GROUND, 


The  front  is  400  X  48  feet  five  stories  high,  with  French  roof 

The  building  is  divided  into  sfven  fire-proof 

compartments,  and  has  been  erected 

m  the  most  thorough  and 

substantial  manner. 

THE  WINGS  ARE  230  BY  50  FEET. 

It  contains  600  Rooms,  each  furnished  with  Bells  Gas 
and  "Water.  ' 

ONE  HXJNDRED  PRIVATE  PARI.ORS. 

The  Dining  Room  is  212  by  50  Fezt. 

The  Ball  Room  has  been  handsomely  frescoed   and  the 

and  Offlr-  ^'^'^^^  ^"^   Reception  iToom     '^' 
and  Offices  are  on  a  scale  unsurpassed,  it 
IS  believed,  in  this  country. 

The  New  Congress  Spring  is  upon  the  grounds  of  the  Hotel. 


E  E  EATBOEN  &  00.,  Proprietors. 


Eensselaer  and  Saratoga 


Great  Aiorthera  and  Southern  Route 

Connects  with  all  Lines  and  Points. 


! 


TRAINS    GOING    NORTH. 


Leave  Albany, 7.10  a.m., 

Schen'tady,     5.00     " 

Troy, 7.30     " 

Saratoga,..      0.12     " 
Ft.  Edward,     9.62     " 

Glens  Falls,  10.20     " 

Arrive  Lake  Georgre  12.00  m., 

Whitehall, .  10.50  a.  m.. 


1.10  p.  m.,      4.35  p.  m. 
9.10  a.m.  3.30  7.30" 
1.30  p.m.  4.50  8.20  " 


3.20 
4.0O 
4.25 
6.00 
4.55 


6.35 
7.15 
7.40 
9.00 
8.10 


TRAINS    GOING    SOUTH. 


Leave  WhitehaU,       4.10  a.  m.,  1.45  p.  m., 

Glens  Falls,     6.40     "  2.15     " 

Ft.  Edward,     7.04     "  2.30  p.  m., 

Saratoera,  7.55  8.40     "  3.40     " 

Arrive  Troy,   ...0.25  9.45     "  5.00     " 

Schen'tady,     8.40     "  5.45     « 


4.20  p.  m. 
4.55  " 
5.18  " 
6.20  " 
7.55  " 
9.25     " 


MOENING  AND  EVENING  TEAINS. 

Connect  at  Saratoga  with  Adirondack  Railroad,  at  Glens 
ialls  M'lth  stages  for  Lake  George,  and  at  Whitehall  witli 
steamers  on  Lak  3  Champlain. 


I.  V.  BAKER.  Supt. 


Now  open  to  THE  GLEN,  a  Distance  of  44  Mllea 

®*'^l^rf^°S,'^  °°*  ^^""^  Saratoga  before  they  have 
taken  a  trip  on  the  Adirondack  Railway  t» 


A  DISTANCE  OF  FORTY-FOUR  MILE8, 

And  vie>Y  for  themselves  its  romantic  scenery  including  the 

Kayaderosseras  Mountain,  the  "  Potash,"  Constitution 

Hill,  Phelps  Bay,  the  Sacandaga  Rapids,  the 

High  Bridge,  loo  feet  above  the  water, 

Jessup's  Little  Falls, 

AND  THE  ROMANTIC 

LAKE   OF    LUZERNE, 
Jilso   the   Talley  of  the   ZTjpper  Midton, 

^RETURNING  leaves  Thb  G.en  at  4.00  p.  m..  and  Ln«KHN«  «♦.  4.86 

ACCOMMODATION  TRAIN  leaves  The  Oibw  «t  onn  . 
turning  leaves  Saratoga  Springs  aTioOPMdSlIy  ""  '*■ 

LaSeo'rge'  ^°''"'''  *^°"^'^*  **  THURMAN  ^ith  WarrenBburtfh  «n,l 

terSrScVrMaKd'M&r  %Z\fZ\^'^\''''^'\'^I'  ^P'" 
oTta,?e?t^ett.'^"^^-^^^^^^^^^ 


Supt. 


THE  ADIEONDAOZ  EXPBESS 

Rune  daily  between  Saratoga  and  Intermediate  places  to  Tan  Gun. 
2  °'  ^-  BALLARD,  Superlntendant. 


r' 


!  - 


M. 


LUZERNE,    NEW  YORK. 


This  Hotel  is  situated  among  the  rugged  hills  of 

NORTHERN   NEW  YORK. 

It  has  aocommodations  for  about  one  hundred  and 
twenty-five  people- 

FISH  AlTiD  aAME  DINNEBS 


May  be  relied  on  at  all  times  in  their 


season. 


ON  THE 

HDDSOir  AND  SAOANDAGA  BIVEES, 

and  on  the  celebrated 

LAKE   OF  LUZERNE. 

Only  twenty  miles  from  Saratoga  Springs  and  ten  miles 
from  Lake  George. 


GEO.  T.  ROCKWELL  &  SON, 

Proprietors. 


c. 

RK. 

dred  and 


ison. 


TiJ^G 


ten  miles 


SCHROON    LAKE. 


9 


Visitors  for 

TAYLOR'S   HOTEL, 

Should  take  the 

^bironbaffe   fccwrsion    f rain, 

WHlcIi  leaves  SABATOGA  SPRINGS  every  momiiig  at 

9.30  A.  M. 

THERK    TAICM 

Leavitt's  New  CoxNcord  Coaches 

FOB  POTTEllSVILLE, 

And  thonco  on  the 
NEW    AND    SWIFT 

Making  a  pleasant  sail  of  Eight  railas. 


)prietor8. 


Carriages  always  en  haiul  to  tlm  places  of  intcr^^^sl  in 
the  neighborhood. 


ALBANY,  N.  Y. 


OPEW  ALL  THE  YEAR  ROUJVD, 

HAP  350  ROOMS, 

InclmMng  Twenty  IPrivmte  JPmrUrs! 

Families  or  parties  traveling  for  pleasure  will  always 
find  here  the  conveniences  and  comforts  of  a 

FIRST  CLASS  HOTEL. 

Meals  at  all  hours  on  arrival  of  the 
Trains  or  Boats. 


CHAS.    E,    LELAND, 

Proprietor. 


ALBANY,   N.  Y, 


51   ST^TE   STREET, 


AND 


686    BROADWAY, 
ALBANY,  N.  I . 


AND 


STATIONERS. 


BLANK  AND  SCHOOL  BOOKS. 

Orders  by  Mail  promptly  and  careftilly 
attended  to. 


PAOU  DURimS, 

OLARBNOB  T.  JENKINS, 

CORNELIUS  E.  DUREEE. 


I 

i. 


F'-*  1  -I 


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feUWABE&HPml 


jANAlffl 


^1?>i■^S 


^•^tffiiiitejiL^ijSi 


All  BROAD  QUAGE  between 

Albany,  Cincinnati  and  St.  Louis. 

ONLY  DIRFCT  ROUTK  TO 

The  cars  run  direct  to 
SHARON  SPRINGS  AND  CHERRY  VALLEY. 

co^°^e^nX'&Vo«i„*!?f.faarr«eSer!^  ""-n^aesed,  and 

» 

EXPEESS  TRAINS  LEAVE  ALBANY  AT 
7.45  a.  m.    2.10  p.  m.    5.15  p.  m. 

J.  VAN  VALZENBUEGH,  Supt. 


